On 5 February 2016 at 17:00, Ravikanth MVR <ravikanth.mvr@broadcom.com> wrote:
> I am using gcc compiler only not g++.
>
Ok, so you are using gcc to compile the .cpp files. Got it.
> On Fri, Feb 5, 2016 at 9:20 PM, Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
> wrote:
>>
>> On 5 February 2016 at 16:49, Ravikanth MVR <ravikanth.mvr@broadcom.com>
>> wrote:
>> > Ard,
>> > OK.I am not passing -fno-exceptions.Would change the same and let you
>> > know.
>> >
>> > Which command line of the C++ compiler? I din't get it.
>>
>> In your output, there are lines for gcc, ld, ar etc, but not for g++
>>
>> >
>> > Thanks
>> > Ravi
>> >
>> > On Fri, Feb 5, 2016 at 9:16 PM, Ard Biesheuvel
>> > <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
>> > wrote:
>> >>
>> >> On 5 February 2016 at 16:40, Ravikanth MVR <ravikanth.mvr@broadcom.com>
>> >> wrote:
>> >> > Attached.
>> >> >
>> >>
>> >> You have an .eh_frame section in the binary. Are you passing
>> >> -fno-exceptions like I told you to?
>> >>
>> >> Btw you never pasted the command line of the C++ compiler, could you
>> >> please share that as well?
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> > On Fri, Feb 5, 2016 at 9:03 PM, Ard Biesheuvel
>> >> > <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
>> >> > wrote:
>> >> >>
>> >> >> Can you send me the output of 'readelf -a HelloWorld.dll'
>> >> >>
>> >> >>
>> >> >> On 5 February 2016 at 16:31, Ravikanth MVR
>> >> >> <ravikanth.mvr@broadcom.com>
>> >> >> wrote:
>> >> >> > Ard,
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> > Tried out again by downloading the edk2-master but the result was
>> >> >> > same.Please find below the snapshot.BTW,why this error-AARCH64
>> >> >> > relative
>> >> >> > relocations require identical ELF and PE/COFF section offsets
>> >> >> > -comes
>> >> >> > up?
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> > "gcc" -g -fshort-wchar -fno-strict-aliasing -Wall -Werror
>> >> >> > -Wno-array-bounds -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -c -include
>> >> >> > AutoGen.h
>> >> >> > -fno-common -DSTRING_ARRAY_NAME=HelloWorldStrings -mcmodel=large
>> >> >> > -g
>> >> >> > -Os
>> >> >> > -fshort-wchar -fno-stack-protector -fno-strict-aliasing -Wall
>> >> >> > -Werror
>> >> >> > -Wno-array-bounds -c -include AutoGen.h -fno-common
>> >> >> > -mlittle-endian
>> >> >> > -fno-short-enums -save-temps -fverbose-asm -fsigned-char
>> >> >> > -ffunction-sections
>> >> >> > -fdata-sections -fomit-frame-pointer -fno-builtin -Wno-address
>> >> >> > -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables -Wno-unused-but-set-variable -o
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> > /home/edk2_new1/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/OUTPUT/./AutoGen.obj
>> >> >> > -I/home/edk2_new1/MyWorkSpace/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> > -I/home/edk2_new1/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG
>> >> >> > -I/home/edk2_new1/MyWorkSpace/MdePkg
>> >> >> > -I/home/edk2_new1/MyWorkSpace/MdePkg/Include
>> >> >> > -I/home/edk2_new1/MyWorkSpace/MdePkg/Include/AArch64
>> >> >> > -I/home/edk2_new1/MyWorkSpace/MdeModulePkg
>> >> >> > -I/home/edk2_new1/MyWorkSpace/MdeModulePkg/Include
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> > /home/edk2_new1/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/AutoGen.c
>> >> >> > "ar" -cr
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> > /home/edk2_new1/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/OUTPUT/HelloWorld.lib
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> > @/home/edk2_new1/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/OUTPUT/object_files.lst
>> >> >> > "ld" -o
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> > /home/edk2_new1/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.dll
>> >> >> > --emit-relocs -nostdlib --gc-sections -u _ModuleEntryPoint -e
>> >> >> > _ModuleEntryPoint -Map
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> > /home/edk2_new1/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.map
>> >> >> > -z common-page-size=0x20 --start-group
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> > @/home/edk2_new1/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/OUTPUT/static_library_files.lst
>> >> >> > --end-group
>> >> >> > --script=/home/edk2_new1/MyWorkSpace/BaseTools/Scripts/GccBase.lds
>> >> >> > --defsym=PECOFF_HEADER_SIZE=0x228
>> >> >> > "echo" objcopy not needed for
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> > /home/edk2_new1/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.dll
>> >> >> > objcopy not needed for
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> > /home/edk2_new1/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.dll
>> >> >> > cp -f
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> > /home/edk2_new1/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.dll
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> > /home/edk2_new1/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.debug
>> >> >> > echo --strip-unneeded -R .eh_frame
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> > /home/edk2_new1/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.dll
>> >> >> > --strip-unneeded -R .eh_frame
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> > /home/edk2_new1/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.dll
>> >> >> > echo
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> > /home/edk2_new1/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.dll
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> > /home/edk2_new1/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.dll
>> >> >> > cp -f
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> > /home/edk2_new1/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.debug
>> >> >> > /home/edk2_new1/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64
>> >> >> > "GenFw" -e UEFI_APPLICATION -o
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> > /home/edk2_new1/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.efi
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> > /home/edk2_new1/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.dll
>> >> >> > GenFw: ERROR 3000: Invalid
>> >> >> > WriteSections64():
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> > /home/edk2_new1/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.dll
>> >> >> > AARCH64 relative relocations require identical ELF and PE/COFF
>> >> >> > section
>> >> >> > offsets
>> >> >> > make: ***
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> > [/home/edk2_new1/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.efi]
>> >> >> > Error 2
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> > build.py...
>> >> >> > : error 7000: Failed to execute command
>> >> >> > make tbuild
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> > [/home/edk2_new1/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld]
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> > build.py...
>> >> >> > : error F002: Failed to build module
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> > /home/edk2_new1/MyWorkSpace/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld.inf
>> >> >> > [AARCH64, GCC48, RELEASE]
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> > - Failed -
>> >> >> > Build end time: 07:27:21, Feb.05 2016
>> >> >> > Build total time: 00:01:04
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> > Thanks
>> >> >> > Ravi
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> > On Fri, Feb 5, 2016 at 8:06 PM, Ravikanth MVR
>> >> >> > <ravikanth.mvr@broadcom.com>
>> >> >> > wrote:
>> >> >> >>
>> >> >> >> Yes.I downloaded the package from
>> >> >> >> https://github.com/tianocore/edk2.If
>> >> >> >> you
>> >> >> >> want me to again download the package and try,I would.
>> >> >> >>
>> >> >> >> On Fri, Feb 5, 2016 at 8:01 PM, Ard Biesheuvel
>> >> >> >> <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
>> >> >> >> wrote:
>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> On 5 February 2016 at 15:30, Ravikanth MVR
>> >> >> >>> <ravikanth.mvr@broadcom.com>
>> >> >> >>> wrote:
>> >> >> >>> > Ard,
>> >> >> >>> > We tried out the patch and we are not seeing the relocation
>> >> >> >>> > errors
>> >> >> >>> > anymore.But we are seeing a new error from
>> >> >> >>> > WriteSection64()-"AARCH64
>> >> >> >>> > relative relocations require identical ELF and PE/COFF section
>> >> >> >>> > offsets".Below is the complete snapshot of the error.
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> Are you using the latest EDK2?
>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> > cp -f
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> > /home/edk2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.dll
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> > /home/edk2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.debug
>> >> >> >>> > echo --strip-unneeded -R .eh_frame
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> > /home/edk2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.dll
>> >> >> >>> > --strip-unneeded -R .eh_frame
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> > /home/edk2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.dll
>> >> >> >>> > echo
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> > /home/edk2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.dll
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> > /home/edk2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.dll
>> >> >> >>> > cp -f
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> > /home/edk2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.debug
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> > /home/edk2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64
>> >> >> >>> > "GenFw" -e UEFI_APPLICATION -o
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> > /home/edk2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.efi
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> > /home/edk2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.dll
>> >> >> >>> > GenFw: ERROR 3000: Invalid
>> >> >> >>> > WriteSections64():
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> > /home/edk2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.dll
>> >> >> >>> > AARCH64 relative relocations require identical ELF and PE/COFF
>> >> >> >>> > section
>> >> >> >>> > offsets
>> >> >> >>> > make: ***
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> > [/home/edk2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.efi]
>> >> >> >>> > Error 2
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> > Thanks
>> >> >> >>> > Ravi
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> > On Fri, Feb 5, 2016 at 6:06 PM, Ravikanth MVR
>> >> >> >>> > <ravikanth.mvr@broadcom.com>
>> >> >> >>> > wrote:
>> >> >> >>> >>
>> >> >> >>> >> Thanks Ard!Would try out and let you know the results.
>> >> >> >>> >>
>> >> >> >>> >> On Fri, Feb 5, 2016 at 2:30 PM, Ard Biesheuvel
>> >> >> >>> >> <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
>> >> >> >>> >> wrote:
>> >> >> >>> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> On 4 February 2016 at 20:41, Ravikanth MVR
>> >> >> >>> >>> <ravikanth.mvr@broadcom.com>
>> >> >> >>> >>> wrote:
>> >> >> >>> >>> > Ard,
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> > We built the EDK2 with target set to AARCH64 and GCC48 as
>> >> >> >>> >>> > the
>> >> >> >>> >>> > toolchain.Still we are same relocation errors as
>> >> >> >>> >>> > before.Below
>> >> >> >>> >>> > is
>> >> >> >>> >>> > the
>> >> >> >>> >>> > complete snapshot of the error and map file as well.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> Could you try the following patch (don't forget to rebuild
>> >> >> >>> >>> BaseTools/)
>> >> >> >>> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> diff --git a/BaseTools/Source/C/GenFw/Elf64Convert.c
>> >> >> >>> >>> b/BaseTools/Source/C/GenFw/Elf64Convert.c
>> >> >> >>> >>> index 90d80a22daf2..0a1329f0f668 100644
>> >> >> >>> >>> --- a/BaseTools/Source/C/GenFw/Elf64Convert.c
>> >> >> >>> >>> +++ b/BaseTools/Source/C/GenFw/Elf64Convert.c
>> >> >> >>> >>> @@ -767,6 +767,9 @@ WriteSections64 (
>> >> >> >>> >>> case R_AARCH64_LD_PREL_LO19:
>> >> >> >>> >>> case R_AARCH64_CALL26:
>> >> >> >>> >>> case R_AARCH64_JUMP26:
>> >> >> >>> >>> + case R_AARCH64_PREL64:
>> >> >> >>> >>> + case R_AARCH64_PREL32:
>> >> >> >>> >>> + case R_AARCH64_PREL16:
>> >> >> >>> >>> //
>> >> >> >>> >>> // The GCC toolchains (i.e., binutils) may
>> >> >> >>> >>> corrupt
>> >> >> >>> >>> section
>> >> >> >>> >>> relative
>> >> >> >>> >>> // relocations when emitting relocation
>> >> >> >>> >>> sections
>> >> >> >>> >>> into
>> >> >> >>> >>> fully
>> >> >> >>> >>> linked
>> >> >> >>> >>> @@ -869,6 +872,11 @@ WriteRelocations64 (
>> >> >> >>> >>> case R_AARCH64_JUMP26:
>> >> >> >>> >>> break;
>> >> >> >>> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> + case R_AARCH64_PREL64:
>> >> >> >>> >>> + case R_AARCH64_PREL32:
>> >> >> >>> >>> + case R_AARCH64_PREL16:
>> >> >> >>> >>> + break;
>> >> >> >>> >>> +
>> >> >> >>> >>> case R_AARCH64_ADR_PREL_PG_HI21:
>> >> >> >>> >>> case R_AARCH64_ADD_ABS_LO12_NC:
>> >> >> >>> >>> case R_AARCH64_LDST8_ABS_LO12_NC:
>> >> >> >>> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> --
>> >> >> >>> >>> Ard.
>> >> >> >>> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> > "gcc" -g -fshort-wchar -fno-strict-aliasing -Wall
>> >> >> >>> >>> > -Werror
>> >> >> >>> >>> > -Wno-array-bounds -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -c
>> >> >> >>> >>> > -include
>> >> >> >>> >>> > AutoGen.h
>> >> >> >>> >>> > -DSTRING_ARRAY_NAME=HelloWorldStrings -g -Os -fshort-wchar
>> >> >> >>> >>> > -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-stack-protector -Wall -Werror
>> >> >> >>> >>> > -Wno-array-bounds -c
>> >> >> >>> >>> > -include AutoGen.h -mcmodel=large -mlittle-endian
>> >> >> >>> >>> > -fno-short-enums
>> >> >> >>> >>> > -save-temps -fverbose-asm -fsigned-char
>> >> >> >>> >>> > -ffunction-sections
>> >> >> >>> >>> > -fdata-sections
>> >> >> >>> >>> > -fomit-frame-pointer -fno-builtin -Wno-address
>> >> >> >>> >>> > -Wno-unused-but-set-variable
>> >> >> >>> >>> > -o
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> > /home/ekd2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/OUTPUT/./AutoGen.obj
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> > -I/home/ekd2_new/MyWorkSpace/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> > -I/home/ekd2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG
>> >> >> >>> >>> > -I/home/ekd2_new/MyWorkSpace/MdePkg
>> >> >> >>> >>> > -I/home/ekd2_new/MyWorkSpace/MdePkg/Include
>> >> >> >>> >>> > -I/home/ekd2_new/MyWorkSpace/MdePkg/Include/AArch64
>> >> >> >>> >>> > -I/home/ekd2_new/MyWorkSpace/MdeModulePkg
>> >> >> >>> >>> > -I/home/ekd2_new/MyWorkSpace/MdeModulePkg/Include
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> > /home/ekd2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/AutoGen.c
>> >> >> >>> >>> > "ar" -cr
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> > /home/ekd2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/OUTPUT/HelloWorld.lib
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> > @/home/ekd2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/OUTPUT/object_files.lst
>> >> >> >>> >>> > "ld" -o
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> > /home/ekd2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.dll
>> >> >> >>> >>> > -Ttext=0x0 --emit-relocs -nostdlib --gc-sections -u
>> >> >> >>> >>> > _ModuleEntryPoint
>> >> >> >>> >>> > -e
>> >> >> >>> >>> > _ModuleEntryPoint -Map
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> > /home/ekd2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.map
>> >> >> >>> >>> > --start-group
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> > @/home/ekd2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/OUTPUT/static_library_files.lst
>> >> >> >>> >>> > --end-group
>> >> >> >>> >>> > "echo" objcopy not needed for
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> > /home/ekd2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.dll
>> >> >> >>> >>> > objcopy not needed for
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> > /home/ekd2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.dll
>> >> >> >>> >>> > cp -f
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> > /home/ekd2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.dll
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> > /home/ekd2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.debug
>> >> >> >>> >>> > echo --strip-unneeded -R .eh_frame
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> > /home/ekd2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.dll
>> >> >> >>> >>> > --strip-unneeded -R .eh_frame
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> > /home/ekd2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.dll
>> >> >> >>> >>> > echo
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> > /home/ekd2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.dll
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> > /home/ekd2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.dll
>> >> >> >>> >>> > cp -f
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> > /home/ekd2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.debug
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> > /home/ekd2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64
>> >> >> >>> >>> > "GenFw" -e UEFI_APPLICATION -o
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> > /home/ekd2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.efi
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> > /home/ekd2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.dll
>> >> >> >>> >>> > GenFw: ERROR 3000: Invalid
>> >> >> >>> >>> > WriteSections64():
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> > /home/ekd2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.dll
>> >> >> >>> >>> > unsupported ELF EM_AARCH64 relocation 0x105.
>> >> >> >>> >>> > GenFw: ERROR 3000: Invalid
>> >> >> >>> >>> > make: ***
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> > [/home/ekd2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.efi]
>> >> >> >>> >>> > Error 2
>> >> >> >>> >>> > WriteRelocations64():
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> > /home/ekd2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.dll
>> >> >> >>> >>> > unsupported ELF EM_AARCH64 relocation 0x105.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> > build.py...
>> >> >> >>> >>> > : error 7000: Failed to execute command
>> >> >> >>> >>> > make all
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> > [/home/ekd2_new/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_GCC48/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld]
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> > - Failed -
>> >> >> >>> >>> > Build end time: 11:29:54, Feb.04 2016
>> >> >> >>> >>> > Build total time: 00:00:09
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> > Thanks
>> >> >> >>> >>> > Ravi
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> > On Wed, Feb 3, 2016 at 12:54 AM, Ravikanth MVR
>> >> >> >>> >>> > <ravikanth.mvr@broadcom.com>
>> >> >> >>> >>> > wrote:
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >> Ard,
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >> I tried building the EDK2 with the below configuration
>> >> >> >>> >>> >> and
>> >> >> >>> >>> >> ended
>> >> >> >>> >>> >> up
>> >> >> >>> >>> >> with
>> >> >> >>> >>> >> the same result as before.Would try out the scenario with
>> >> >> >>> >>> >> GCC4.9/GCC4.8
>> >> >> >>> >>> >> compiler+Toolchain:GCC49/GCC48 and target set to AARCH64.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >> Would
>> >> >> >>> >>> >> let
>> >> >> >>> >>> >> you know
>> >> >> >>> >>> >> the results.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >> Thanks.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >> On Tue, Feb 2, 2016 at 10:18 PM, Ravikanth MVR
>> >> >> >>> >>> >> <ravikanth.mvr@broadcom.com> wrote:
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>> Ard,
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>> Below is my configuration
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>> ACTIVE_PLATFORM = MdeModulePkg/MdeModulePkg.dsc
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>> TARGET = RELEASE
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>> TARGET_ARCH = AARCH64
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>> TOOL_CHAIN_CONF = Conf/tools_def.txt
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>> TOOL_CHAIN_TAG = GCC49
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>> And GCC5.0.0 compiler is being used to compile the code
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>> or
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>> you
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>> want
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>> me to
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>> use the GCC4.9 compiler to compile as well?
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>> Thanks.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>> On Tue, Feb 2, 2016 at 8:56 PM, Ravikanth MVR
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>> <ravikanth.mvr@broadcom.com> wrote:
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>> OK got it!Would build AARCH64 with GCC48/GCC49 .Please
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>> correct
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>> me if
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>> I
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>> am wrong.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>> Thanks.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>> On Tue, Feb 2, 2016 at 8:54 PM, Ard Biesheuvel
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>> <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org> wrote:
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> On 2 February 2016 at 16:23, Ravikanth MVR
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> <ravikanth.mvr@broadcom.com>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> wrote:
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> > Ard,
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> > I have been using GCC5.0.0(Experimental version).
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> > gcc (Cavium Inc. Version 1.0 build 297) 5.0.0
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> > 20141220
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> > (experimental)
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> > I would try with GCC49/48 and let you know.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> I don't mean the actual compiler, I mean the toolchain
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> definition
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> in
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> EDK2. You are using ARMGCC or ARMLINUXGCC, neither of
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> which
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> are
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> suitable for building AArch64. You should use GCC48 or
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> GCC49
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> instead
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> --
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> Ard.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> > On Tue, Feb 2, 2016 at 4:40 PM, Ard Biesheuvel
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> > <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> > wrote:
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> It looks like you are using the wrong compiler. You
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> should
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> use
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> GCC48
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> or GCC49 instead.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> On 2 February 2016 at 12:08, Ravikanth MVR
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> <ravikanth.mvr@broadcom.com>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> wrote:
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> > Thanks Ard!I followed the steps and I could find
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> > out
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> > that
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> > NO
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> > standard
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> > library was included.Below is the list of
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> > libraries
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> > that
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> > were
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> > getting
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> > included.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> > UefiApplicationEntryPoint.lib(ApplicationEntryPoint.obj)
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> > HelloWorld.lib(AutoGen.obj)
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> > UefiDebugLibStdErr.lib(DebugLib.obj)
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> > UefiBootServicesTableLib.lib(UefiBootServicesTableLib.obj)
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> > UefiRuntimeServicesTableLib.lib(UefiRuntimeServicesTableLib.obj)
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> > UefiLib.lib(UefiLib.obj)
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> > BaseDebugPrintErrorLevelLib.lib(BaseDebugPrintErrorLevelLib.obj)
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> > BasePrintLib.lib(PrintLib.obj)
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> > BasePrintLib.lib(PrintLibInternal.obj)
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> > BaseLib.lib(DivU64x32Remainder.obj)
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> > BaseLib.lib(CpuDeadLoop.obj)
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> > BaseLib.lib(String.obj)
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> > BaseLib.lib(Unaligned.obj)
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> > BaseLib.lib(Math64.obj)
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> > I have included .map file as well with this mail.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> > Thanks.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> > On Mon, Feb 1, 2016 at 1:24 PM, Ard Biesheuvel
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> > <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> > wrote:
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> On 1 February 2016 at 08:36, M.V.R. Ravikanth
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> <ravikanth.mvr@avagotech.com> wrote:
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > Ard,
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > I understand that we have to implement
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > alternative
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > C++
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > runtime
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > API
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > which
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > maps to new and delete in EDK2
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > i.e.,AllocatePool
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > and
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > FreePool.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > I did implement alternative new and delete
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > API's,which
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > uses
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > AllocatePool
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > and
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > FreePool,for OUR code and most of the
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > relocation
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > errors
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > had
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > gone.BUT
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > when
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > the CPP program(HelloWorld) under compilation
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > doesn't
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > even
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > call
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > the
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > C++
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > runtime API's,why are we seeing these
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > errors?-This
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > is
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > what
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > I am
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > trying
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > to
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > understand.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> If you add a -Map xxx.map option to the linker
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> command,
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> you
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> will
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> get a
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> map file that tells you exactly which object was
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> included
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> in
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> the
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> link,
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> and why (iow, which symbol dependency it
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> satisfies)
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> That
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> way,
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> you
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> will
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> be able to figure out which standard library is
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> included,
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> and
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> for
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> which reason.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > Thanks.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > ________________________________
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > From: Ard Biesheuvel
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > Sent: 01-02-2016 12:31
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > To: M.V.R. Ravikanth
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > Cc: Leif Lindholm; Daniel Samuelraj; Jianning
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > Wang;
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > Linaro
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > UEFI
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > Mailman
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > List; Sadananda Murthy; Unnikrishnan P S
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > Subject: Re: [Linaro-uefi] Compiling CPP files
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > ARM64
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > On 1 February 2016 at 07:51, M.V.R. Ravikanth
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > <ravikanth.mvr@avagotech.com> wrote:
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> Ard,
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> I would try to explain here,
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> 1.Till now we have been compiling CPP
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> programs
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> in
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> UDK
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> with
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> VS2005/VS2008
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> as
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> toolchain and it worked well.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> 2.Now,we have a requirement to support
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> AARCH64
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> architecture
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> with
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> ARMGCC
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> as
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> the toolchain.But when we tried to compile
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> our
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> CPP
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> code/Sample
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> HelloWorld
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> application(HelloWorld.c is renamed to
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> HelloWorld.cpp)
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> with
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> ARMGCC
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> as
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> toolchain,we were seeing relocation errors
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> such
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> as
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> 0x105.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> 3.As advised by you,we tried compiling a
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> sample
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> HelloWorld
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> CPP
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> program
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> under
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> EDK2 and still we are seeing the same
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> relocation
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> errors.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> Questions:
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> 1.If EDK2 doesn't support CPP code,what
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> should
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> we
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> do
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> to
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> resolve the
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> relocation errors we are observing?
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> Please correct me,if I have missed something.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > The relocation errors are a symptom of the
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > fact
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > that
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > you
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > are
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > trying
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > to
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > link the Linux specific C++ runtime into your
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > EDK2
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > binary.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > This
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > is a
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > pointless exercise, since the Linux C++
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > runtime
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > is
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > fundamentally
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > incompatible with EDK2, So please, don't ask
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > any
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > more
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > questions
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > about
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > relocation errors, and focus on implementing
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > an
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > alternative
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > C++
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > runtime that maps calls to new() and delete()
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > onto
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > EDK2
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > APIs,
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > i.e.,
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > AllocatePool and FreePool. Note that you will
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > still
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > have
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > problems
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > with
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > symbol decoration, since EDK2 header file
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > don't
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > have
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > 'extern
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > "C"'
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> > qualifiers around C declarations.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> ________________________________
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> From: Ard Biesheuvel
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> Sent: 01-02-2016 11:59
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> To: Ravikanth MVR
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> Cc: Leif Lindholm; Daniel Samuelraj; Jianning
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> Wang;
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> Linaro
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> UEFI
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> Mailman
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> List; Sadananda Murthy; Unnikrishnan P S
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> Subject: Re: [Linaro-uefi] Compiling CPP
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> files
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> ARM64
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> On 31 January 2016 at 20:16, Ravikanth MVR
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> <ravikanth.mvr@avagotech.com>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> wrote:
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> +Unni.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> Ard,
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> I have done a native compilation with EDK2
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> and
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> I
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> am
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> facing
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> same
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> issues
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> as
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> I
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> did before.Below is the snapshot of the
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> errors
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> I
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> received.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> I have explained twice already why C++ under
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> EDK2
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> is
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> not
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> going
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> to
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> work. What exactly were you expecting?
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> --
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >> Ard.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> "GenFw" -e UEFI_APPLICATION -o
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> /home/edk2/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_ARMGCC/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.efi
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> /home/edk2/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_ARMGCC/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.dll
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> GenFw: ERROR 3000: Invalid
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> WriteSections64():
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> /home/edk2/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_ARMGCC/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.dll
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> unsupported ELF EM_AARCH64 relocation 0x105.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> GenFw: ERROR 3000: Invalid
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> make: ***
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> [/home/edk2/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_ARMGCC/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.efi]
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> Error 2
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> WriteRelocations64():
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> /home/edk2/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_ARMGCC/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/DEBUG/HelloWorld.dll
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> unsupported ELF EM_AARCH64 relocation 0x105.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> build.py...
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> : error 7000: Failed to execute command
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> make --no-print-directory all
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> [/home/edk2/MyWorkSpace/Build/MdeModule/RELEASE_ARMGCC/AARCH64/MdeModulePkg/Application/HelloWorld/HelloWorld]
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> - Failed -
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> Build end time: 19:12:41, Jan.31 2016
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> Build total time: 00:00:15
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> Thanks
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> Ravi
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> On Wed, Jan 27, 2016 at 2:31 PM, Ard
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> Biesheuvel
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>> wrote:
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> On 27 January 2016 at 09:51, Ravikanth MVR
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> <ravikanth.mvr@avagotech.com>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> wrote:
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> > Ard,
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> > I was trying to compile and generate
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> > helloworld
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> > application via
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> > EDK2.Under
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> > the "MyWorkSpace\BaseTools\Bin" directory
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> > I
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> > did
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> > not
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> > find
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> > "Win32"
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> > directory
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> > which has GenFw utility.But the UDK
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> > package
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> > has
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> > Win32
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> > directory.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> > Could you let me know on how to build and
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> > EDK2
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> > package
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> > in
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> > Windows
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> > or
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> > else Am
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> > I missing something here?
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> I haven't used Windows for software
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> development
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> work
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> in
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> 15
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> years,
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> so
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> I
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> am really not the person you should be
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> asking
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> this.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> --
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> Ard.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> > On Thu, Jan 14, 2016 at 3:03 PM,
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> > Ravikanth
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> > MVR
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> > <ravikanth.mvr@avagotech.com>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> > wrote:
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >> In UDK.I will try out on EDK2 and let
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >> you
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >> know
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >> the
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >> results.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >> Thanks.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >> On Thu, Jan 14, 2016 at 3:02 PM, Ard
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >> Biesheuvel
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >> <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org> wrote:
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> On 14 January 2016 at 10:28, Ravikanth
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> MVR
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> <ravikanth.mvr@avagotech.com>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> wrote:
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> > Ard,
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> > OK.But when a simple HelloWorld
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> > program,which
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> > is
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> > part
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> > of
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> > EDK2
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> > sample
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> > programs and which is written in c,is
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> > renamed
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> > to
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> > .CPP,we get
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> > these
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> > relocation issues in-spite of not
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> > using
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> > any
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> > C++
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> > runtime
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> > API's.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> In UDK or EDK2?
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> > On Thu, Jan 14, 2016 at 2:39 PM, Ard
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> > Biesheuvel
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> > <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> > wrote:
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> On 14 January 2016 at 10:06,
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> Ravikanth
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> MVR
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> <ravikanth.mvr@avagotech.com>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> wrote:
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > Hi Ard,
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > Hope you remember we speaking
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > about
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > the
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > 0x105
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > and
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > 0x0
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > relocation
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > issues
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > which we came across while
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > compiling
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > a
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > simple
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > HelloWorld
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > program
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > in
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > CPP.As
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > you said on the other thread(EDK2
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > mailing
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > list)we
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > need
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > some
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > changes
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > to
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > compiler and GenFw utility of
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > UDK,can
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > we
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > take
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > the
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > required
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > changes
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > forward
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > and come up with a UDK with this
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > support?
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > We are stuck at this juncture with
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > this
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > activity
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > and
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > would
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > need
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > your
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > help
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > badly.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> Please forget about UDK, and rebase
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> your
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> work
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> onto
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> the
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> latest
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> EDK2
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> master branch. There have been many
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> changes
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> to
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> the
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> way
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> relocations
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> are
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> handled, which also impose
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> requirements
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> at
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> link
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> time
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> (i.e.,
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> in
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> terms
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> of section alignment, and relative
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> offset
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> between
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> sections
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> both
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> in
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> the
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> ELF and the PE/COFF versions of the
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> image)
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> However, the relocation issue was
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> due
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> to
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> the
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> fact
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> that you
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> were
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> using
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> the Linux version of the C++
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> runtime,
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> which
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> you
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> cannot use
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> under
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> EDK2
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> even if we do support those
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> relocation
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> types
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> with
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> the
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> newer
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> tools.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> Bottom line is that you need to
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> develop
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> your
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> own
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> C++
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> minimal
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> runtime
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> if you want to run C++ programs
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> under
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> EDK2
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > On Tue, Jan 5, 2016 at 4:29 PM,
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > Ravikanth
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > MVR
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > <ravikanth.mvr@avagotech.com>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> > wrote:
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >> +Sada.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >> Thanks.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >> On Wed, Dec 30, 2015 at 8:38 PM,
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >> Ard
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >> Biesheuvel
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >> <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >> wrote:
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> On 30 December 2015 at 16:02,
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> Leif
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> Lindholm
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> wrote:
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> > Hi Daniel,
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> > Sorry, your email got stuck in
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> > my
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> > SPAM
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> > folder
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> > for
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> > some
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> > reason.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> > On Wed, Dec 23, 2015 at
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> > 05:25:21PM
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> > -0500,
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> > Daniel
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> > Samuelraj
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> > wrote:
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> >> We are able to compile CPP
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> >> files
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> >> for
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> >> X64
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> >> using
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> >> UDK2014
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> >> by
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> >> using
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> >> Visual
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> >> Studio.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> >> How do we compile the same
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> >> source
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> >> for
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> >> AARCH64?
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> Do you mean C++? That is
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> completely
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> unsupported,
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> and is
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> going
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> to
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> be
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> quite a challenge to implement.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> Note
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> that
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> you
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> cannot
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> rely
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> on
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> the
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> C++
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> runtime for various reasons
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> (including,
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> but
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> not
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> limited
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> to,
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> the
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> fact
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> that it uses small model
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> relocations,
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> and
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> is
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> built
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> against
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> libc
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> on
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> Linux) I wonder how that even
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> works
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> on
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> Visual
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> Studio
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> for
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> X64,
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> since
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> the code you build will try to
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> call
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> libc
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> functions from
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> the
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> VC
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> runtime
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> library.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> There has been some discussion
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> about
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> this
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> recently on
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> the
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> list.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> If
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> you
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> disable exceptions and RTTI, and
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> reimplement
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> your
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> new
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> and
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> delete
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> operators, you may be able to
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> build
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> code
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> that
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> does not
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> rely
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> on
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> advanced C++ runtime features.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> --
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>> Ard.
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>> >
>> >> >> >>> >>
>> >> >> >>> >>
>> >> >> >>> >
>> >> >> >>
>> >> >> >>
>> >> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >
>> >
>
>