From: Mickaël Salaün mic@linux.microsoft.com

A Landlock ruleset is mainly a red-black tree with Landlock rules as nodes. This enables quick update and lookup to match a requested access, e.g. to a file. A ruleset is usable through a dedicated file descriptor (cf. following commit implementing syscalls) which enables a process to create and populate a ruleset with new rules.

A domain is a ruleset tied to a set of processes. This group of rules defines the security policy enforced on these processes and their future children. A domain can transition to a new domain which is the intersection of all its constraints and those of a ruleset provided by the current process. This modification only impact the current process. This means that a process can only gain more constraints (i.e. lose accesses) over time.

Cc: James Morris jmorris@namei.org Cc: Jann Horn jannh@google.com Cc: Kees Cook keescook@chromium.org Cc: Serge E. Hallyn serge@hallyn.com Signed-off-by: Mickaël Salaün mic@linux.microsoft.com ---

Changes since v23: * Always intersect access rights. Following the filesystem change logic, make ruleset updates more consistent by always intersecting access rights (boolean AND) instead of combining them (boolean OR) for the same layer. This defensive approach could also help avoid user space to inadvertently allow multiple access rights for the same object (e.g. write and execute access on a path hierarchy) instead of dealing with such inconsistency. This can happen when there is no deduplication of objects (e.g. paths and underlying inodes) whereas they get different access rights with landlock_add_rule(2). * Add extra checks to make sure that: - there is always an (allocated) object in each used rules; - when updating a ruleset with a new rule (i.e. not merging two rulesets), the ruleset doesn't contain multiple layers. * Hide merge parameter from the public landlock_insert_rule() API. This helps avoid misuse of this function. * Replace a remaining hardcoded 1 with SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING.

Changes since v22: * Explicitely use RB_ROOT and SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING (suggested by Jann Horn). * Improve comments and fix spelling (suggested by Jann Horn).

Changes since v21: * Add and clean up comments.

Changes since v18: * Account rulesets to kmemcg. * Remove struct holes. * Cosmetic changes.

Changes since v17: * Move include/uapi/linux/landlock.h and _LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_* to a following patch.

Changes since v16: * Allow enforcement of empty ruleset, which enables deny-all policies.

Changes since v15: * Replace layer_levels and layer_depth with a bitfield of layers, cf. filesystem commit. * Rename the LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_{UNLINK,RMDIR} with LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_REMOVE_{FILE,DIR} because it makes sense to use them for the action of renaming a file or a directory, which may lead to the removal of the source file or directory. Removes the LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_{LINK_TO,RENAME_FROM,RENAME_TO} which are now replaced with LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_REMOVE_{FILE,DIR} and LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_* . * Update the documentation accordingly and highlight how the access rights are taken into account. * Change nb_rules from atomic_t to u32 because it is not use anymore by show_fdinfo(). * Add safeguard for level variables types. * Check max number of rules. * Replace struct landlock_access (self and beneath bitfields) with one bitfield. * Remove useless variable. * Add comments.

Changes since v14: * Simplify the object, rule and ruleset management at the expense of a less aggressive memory freeing (contributed by Jann Horn, with additional modifications): - Make a domain immutable (remove the opportunistic cleaning). - Remove RCU pointers. - Merge struct landlock_ref and struct landlock_ruleset_elem into landlock_rule: get ride of rule's RCU. - Adjust union. - Remove the landlock_insert_rule() check about a new object with the same address as a previously disabled one, because it is not possible to disable a rule anymore. Cf. https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAG48ez21bEn0wL1bbmTiiu8j9jP5iEWtHOwz4tURUJ+ki0... * Fix nested domains by implementing a notion of layer level and depth: - Update landlock_insert_rule() to manage such layers. - Add an inherit_ruleset() helper to properly create a new domain. - Rename landlock_find_access() to landlock_find_rule() and return a full rule reference. - Add a layer_level and a layer_depth fields to struct landlock_rule. - Add a top_layer_level field to struct landlock_ruleset. * Remove access rights that may be required for FD-only requests: truncate, getattr, lock, chmod, chown, chgrp, ioctl. This will be handle in a future evolution of Landlock, but right now the goal is to lighten the code to ease review. * Remove LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_OPEN and rename LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_{READ,WRITE} with a FILE suffix. * Rename LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READDIR to match the *_FILE pattern. * Remove LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAP which was useless. * Fix memory leak in put_hierarchy() (reported by Jann Horn). * Fix user-after-free and rename free_ruleset() (reported by Jann Horn). * Replace the for loops with rbtree_postorder_for_each_entry_safe(). * Constify variables. * Only use refcount_inc() through getter helpers. * Change Landlock_insert_ruleset_access() to Landlock_insert_ruleset_rule(). * Rename landlock_put_ruleset_enqueue() to landlock_put_ruleset_deferred(). * Improve kernel documentation and add a warning about the unhandled access/syscall families. * Move ABI check to syscall.c .

Changes since v13: * New implementation, inspired by the previous inode eBPF map, but agnostic to the underlying kernel object.

Previous changes: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20190721213116.23476-7-mic@digikod.net/ --- security/landlock/Makefile | 2 +- security/landlock/ruleset.c | 361 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ security/landlock/ruleset.h | 158 ++++++++++++++++ 3 files changed, 520 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) create mode 100644 security/landlock/ruleset.c create mode 100644 security/landlock/ruleset.h

diff --git a/security/landlock/Makefile b/security/landlock/Makefile index cb6deefbf4c0..d846eba445bb 100644 --- a/security/landlock/Makefile +++ b/security/landlock/Makefile @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_LANDLOCK) := landlock.o

-landlock-y := object.o +landlock-y := object.o ruleset.o diff --git a/security/landlock/ruleset.c b/security/landlock/ruleset.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..afa5a6f20d1d --- /dev/null +++ b/security/landlock/ruleset.c @@ -0,0 +1,361 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only +/* + * Landlock LSM - Ruleset management + * + * Copyright © 2016-2020 Mickaël Salaün mic@digikod.net + * Copyright © 2018-2020 ANSSI + */ + +#include <linux/bits.h> +#include <linux/bug.h> +#include <linux/compiler_types.h> +#include <linux/err.h> +#include <linux/errno.h> +#include <linux/kernel.h> +#include <linux/limits.h> +#include <linux/lockdep.h> +#include <linux/rbtree.h> +#include <linux/refcount.h> +#include <linux/slab.h> +#include <linux/spinlock.h> +#include <linux/workqueue.h> + +#include "object.h" +#include "ruleset.h" + +static struct landlock_ruleset *create_ruleset(void) +{ + struct landlock_ruleset *new_ruleset; + + new_ruleset = kzalloc(sizeof(*new_ruleset), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT); + if (!new_ruleset) + return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); + refcount_set(&new_ruleset->usage, 1); + mutex_init(&new_ruleset->lock); + new_ruleset->root = RB_ROOT; + /* + * hierarchy = NULL + * nb_rules = 0 + * nb_layers = 0 + * fs_access_mask = 0 + */ + return new_ruleset; +} + +struct landlock_ruleset *landlock_create_ruleset(const u32 fs_access_mask) +{ + struct landlock_ruleset *new_ruleset; + + /* Informs about useless ruleset. */ + if (!fs_access_mask) + return ERR_PTR(-ENOMSG); + new_ruleset = create_ruleset(); + if (!IS_ERR(new_ruleset)) + new_ruleset->fs_access_mask = fs_access_mask; + return new_ruleset; +} + +static struct landlock_rule *duplicate_rule(struct landlock_rule *const src) +{ + struct landlock_rule *new_rule; + + new_rule = kzalloc(sizeof(*new_rule), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT); + if (!new_rule) + return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); + RB_CLEAR_NODE(&new_rule->node); + landlock_get_object(src->object); + new_rule->object = src->object; + new_rule->access = src->access; + new_rule->layers = src->layers; + return new_rule; +} + +static void put_rule(struct landlock_rule *const rule) +{ + might_sleep(); + if (!rule) + return; + landlock_put_object(rule->object); + kfree(rule); +} + +/** + * insert_rule - Insert a rule in a ruleset + * + * Intersects access rights of the rule with those of the ruleset. + * + * @ruleset: The ruleset to be updated. + * @rule: Read-only payload to be inserted (not owned by this function). + * @is_merge: If true, handle the rule layers. + * + * Assumptions: + * + * - An inserted rule cannot be removed. + * - The underlying kernel object must be held by the caller. + */ +static int insert_rule(struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset, + struct landlock_rule *const rule, const bool is_merge) +{ + struct rb_node **walker_node; + struct rb_node *parent_node = NULL; + struct landlock_rule *new_rule; + + might_sleep(); + lockdep_assert_held(&ruleset->lock); + if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!rule->object)) + return -ENOENT; + if (!is_merge && WARN_ON_ONCE(ruleset->nb_layers != 0)) + return -EINVAL; + walker_node = &(ruleset->root.rb_node); + while (*walker_node) { + struct landlock_rule *const this = rb_entry(*walker_node, + struct landlock_rule, node); + + if (this->object != rule->object) { + parent_node = *walker_node; + if (this->object < rule->object) + walker_node = &((*walker_node)->rb_right); + else + walker_node = &((*walker_node)->rb_left); + continue; + } + + /* If there is a matching rule, updates it. */ + if (is_merge) + /* Updates the rule layers with the next one. */ + this->layers |= BIT_ULL(ruleset->nb_layers); + /* Intersects access rights. */ + this->access &= rule->access; + return 0; + } + + /* There is no match for @rule->object. */ + if (ruleset->nb_rules == U32_MAX) + return -E2BIG; + new_rule = duplicate_rule(rule); + if (IS_ERR(new_rule)) + return PTR_ERR(new_rule); + if (is_merge) + /* Sets the rule layer to the next one. */ + new_rule->layers = BIT_ULL(ruleset->nb_layers); + rb_link_node(&new_rule->node, parent_node, walker_node); + rb_insert_color(&new_rule->node, &ruleset->root); + ruleset->nb_rules++; + return 0; +} + +int landlock_insert_rule(struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset, + struct landlock_rule *const rule) +{ + return insert_rule(ruleset, rule, false); +} + +static inline void get_hierarchy(struct landlock_hierarchy *const hierarchy) +{ + if (hierarchy) + refcount_inc(&hierarchy->usage); +} + +static void put_hierarchy(struct landlock_hierarchy *hierarchy) +{ + while (hierarchy && refcount_dec_and_test(&hierarchy->usage)) { + const struct landlock_hierarchy *const freeme = hierarchy; + + hierarchy = hierarchy->parent; + kfree(freeme); + } +} + +static int merge_ruleset(struct landlock_ruleset *const dst, + struct landlock_ruleset *const src) +{ + struct landlock_rule *walker_rule, *next_rule; + int err = 0; + + might_sleep(); + if (!src) + return 0; + /* Only merge into a domain. */ + if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!dst || !dst->hierarchy)) + return -EFAULT; + + /* + * The ruleset being modified (@dst) is locked first, then the ruleset + * being copied (@src). + */ + mutex_lock(&dst->lock); + mutex_lock_nested(&src->lock, SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING); + /* + * Makes a new layer, but only increments the number of layers after + * the rules are inserted. + */ + if (dst->nb_layers == (sizeof(walker_rule->layers) * BITS_PER_BYTE)) { + err = -E2BIG; + goto out_unlock; + } + dst->fs_access_mask |= src->fs_access_mask; + + /* Merges the @src tree. */ + rbtree_postorder_for_each_entry_safe(walker_rule, next_rule, + &src->root, node) { + err = insert_rule(dst, walker_rule, true); + if (err) + goto out_unlock; + } + dst->nb_layers++; + +out_unlock: + mutex_unlock(&src->lock); + mutex_unlock(&dst->lock); + return err; +} + +static struct landlock_ruleset *inherit_ruleset( + struct landlock_ruleset *const parent) +{ + struct landlock_rule *walker_rule, *next_rule; + struct landlock_ruleset *new_ruleset; + int err = 0; + + might_sleep(); + new_ruleset = create_ruleset(); + if (IS_ERR(new_ruleset)) + return new_ruleset; + + new_ruleset->hierarchy = kzalloc(sizeof(*new_ruleset->hierarchy), + GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT); + if (!new_ruleset->hierarchy) { + err = -ENOMEM; + goto out_put_ruleset; + } + refcount_set(&new_ruleset->hierarchy->usage, 1); + if (!parent) + return new_ruleset; + + mutex_lock(&new_ruleset->lock); + mutex_lock_nested(&parent->lock, SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING); + + /* Copies the @parent tree. */ + rbtree_postorder_for_each_entry_safe(walker_rule, next_rule, + &parent->root, node) { + err = landlock_insert_rule(new_ruleset, walker_rule); + if (err) + goto out_unlock; + } + new_ruleset->nb_layers = parent->nb_layers; + new_ruleset->fs_access_mask = parent->fs_access_mask; + WARN_ON_ONCE(!parent->hierarchy); + get_hierarchy(parent->hierarchy); + new_ruleset->hierarchy->parent = parent->hierarchy; + + mutex_unlock(&parent->lock); + mutex_unlock(&new_ruleset->lock); + return new_ruleset; + +out_unlock: + mutex_unlock(&parent->lock); + mutex_unlock(&new_ruleset->lock); + +out_put_ruleset: + landlock_put_ruleset(new_ruleset); + return ERR_PTR(err); +} + +static void free_ruleset(struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset) +{ + struct landlock_rule *freeme, *next; + + might_sleep(); + rbtree_postorder_for_each_entry_safe(freeme, next, &ruleset->root, + node) + put_rule(freeme); + put_hierarchy(ruleset->hierarchy); + kfree(ruleset); +} + +void landlock_put_ruleset(struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset) +{ + might_sleep(); + if (ruleset && refcount_dec_and_test(&ruleset->usage)) + free_ruleset(ruleset); +} + +static void free_ruleset_work(struct work_struct *const work) +{ + struct landlock_ruleset *ruleset; + + ruleset = container_of(work, struct landlock_ruleset, work_free); + free_ruleset(ruleset); +} + +void landlock_put_ruleset_deferred(struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset) +{ + if (ruleset && refcount_dec_and_test(&ruleset->usage)) { + INIT_WORK(&ruleset->work_free, free_ruleset_work); + schedule_work(&ruleset->work_free); + } +} + +/** + * landlock_merge_ruleset - Merge a ruleset with a domain + * + * @parent: Parent domain. + * @ruleset: New ruleset to be merged. + * + * Returns the intersection of @parent and @ruleset, or returns @parent if + * @ruleset is empty, or returns a duplicate of @ruleset if @parent is empty. + */ +struct landlock_ruleset *landlock_merge_ruleset( + struct landlock_ruleset *const parent, + struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset) +{ + struct landlock_ruleset *new_dom; + int err; + + might_sleep(); + /* + * Merging duplicates a ruleset, so a new ruleset cannot be + * the same as the parent, but they can have similar content. + */ + if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!ruleset || parent == ruleset)) { + landlock_get_ruleset(parent); + return parent; + } + + new_dom = inherit_ruleset(parent); + if (IS_ERR(new_dom)) + return new_dom; + + err = merge_ruleset(new_dom, ruleset); + if (err) { + landlock_put_ruleset(new_dom); + return ERR_PTR(err); + } + return new_dom; +} + +/* + * The returned access has the same lifetime as @ruleset. + */ +const struct landlock_rule *landlock_find_rule( + const struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset, + const struct landlock_object *const object) +{ + const struct rb_node *node; + + if (!object) + return NULL; + node = ruleset->root.rb_node; + while (node) { + struct landlock_rule *this = rb_entry(node, + struct landlock_rule, node); + + if (this->object == object) + return this; + if (this->object < object) + node = node->rb_right; + else + node = node->rb_left; + } + return NULL; +} diff --git a/security/landlock/ruleset.h b/security/landlock/ruleset.h new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..04c2cc5e42cb --- /dev/null +++ b/security/landlock/ruleset.h @@ -0,0 +1,158 @@ +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */ +/* + * Landlock LSM - Ruleset management + * + * Copyright © 2016-2020 Mickaël Salaün mic@digikod.net + * Copyright © 2018-2020 ANSSI + */ + +#ifndef _SECURITY_LANDLOCK_RULESET_H +#define _SECURITY_LANDLOCK_RULESET_H + +#include <linux/mutex.h> +#include <linux/rbtree.h> +#include <linux/refcount.h> +#include <linux/workqueue.h> + +#include "object.h" + +/** + * struct landlock_rule - Access rights tied to an object + * + * When enforcing a ruleset (i.e. merging a ruleset into the current domain), + * the layer level of a new rule is the incremented top layer level (cf. + * &struct landlock_ruleset). If there is no rule (from this domain) tied to + * the same object, then the depth of the new rule is 1. However, if there is + * already a rule tied to the same object and if this rule's layer level is the + * previous top layer level, then the depth and the layer level are both + * incremented and the rule is updated with the new access rights (boolean + * AND). + */ +struct landlock_rule { + /** + * @node: Node in the ruleset's red-black tree. + */ + struct rb_node node; + /** + * @object: Pointer to identify a kernel object (e.g. an inode). This + * is used as a key for this ruleset element. This pointer is set once + * and never modified. It always points to an allocated object because + * each rule increments the refcount of its object. + */ + struct landlock_object *object; + /** + * @layers: Bitfield to identify the layers which resulted to @access + * from different consecutive intersections. + */ + u64 layers; + /** + * @access: Bitfield of allowed actions on the kernel object. They are + * relative to the object type (e.g. %LANDLOCK_ACTION_FS_READ). This + * may be the result of the merged access rights (boolean AND) from + * multiple layers referring to the same object. + */ + u32 access; +}; + +/** + * struct landlock_hierarchy - Node in a ruleset hierarchy + */ +struct landlock_hierarchy { + /** + * @parent: Pointer to the parent node, or NULL if it is a root + * Landlock domain. + */ + struct landlock_hierarchy *parent; + /** + * @usage: Number of potential children domains plus their parent + * domain. + */ + refcount_t usage; +}; + +/** + * struct landlock_ruleset - Landlock ruleset + * + * This data structure must contain unique entries, be updatable, and quick to + * match an object. + */ +struct landlock_ruleset { + /** + * @root: Root of a red-black tree containing &struct landlock_rule + * nodes. Once a ruleset is tied to a process (i.e. as a domain), this + * tree is immutable until @usage reaches zero. + */ + struct rb_root root; + /** + * @hierarchy: Enables hierarchy identification even when a parent + * domain vanishes. This is needed for the ptrace protection. + */ + struct landlock_hierarchy *hierarchy; + union { + /** + * @work_free: Enables to free a ruleset within a lockless + * section. This is only used by + * landlock_put_ruleset_deferred() when @usage reaches zero. + * The fields @lock, @usage, @nb_layers, @nb_rules and + * @fs_access_mask are then unused. + */ + struct work_struct work_free; + struct { + /** + * @lock: Guards against concurrent modifications of + * @root, if @usage is greater than zero. + */ + struct mutex lock; + /** + * @usage: Number of processes (i.e. domains) or file + * descriptors referencing this ruleset. + */ + refcount_t usage; + /** + * @nb_rules: Number of non-overlapping (i.e. not for + * the same object) rules in this ruleset. + */ + u32 nb_rules; + /** + * @nb_layers: Number of layers which are used in this + * ruleset. This enables to check that all the layers + * allow an access request. A value of 0 identifies a + * non-merged ruleset (i.e. not a domain). + */ + u32 nb_layers; + /** + * @fs_access_mask: Contains the subset of filesystem + * actions which are restricted by a ruleset. This is + * used when merging rulesets and for user space + * backward compatibility (i.e. future-proof). Set + * once and never changed for the lifetime of the + * ruleset. + */ + u32 fs_access_mask; + }; + }; +}; + +struct landlock_ruleset *landlock_create_ruleset(const u32 fs_access_mask); + +void landlock_put_ruleset(struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset); +void landlock_put_ruleset_deferred(struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset); + +int landlock_insert_rule(struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset, + struct landlock_rule *const rule); + +struct landlock_ruleset *landlock_merge_ruleset( + struct landlock_ruleset *const parent, + struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset); + +const struct landlock_rule *landlock_find_rule( + const struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset, + const struct landlock_object *const object); + +static inline void landlock_get_ruleset(struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset) +{ + if (ruleset) + refcount_inc(&ruleset->usage); +} + +#endif /* _SECURITY_LANDLOCK_RULESET_H */

From: Mickaël Salaün mic@linux.microsoft.com

Using ptrace(2) and related debug features on a target process can lead to a privilege escalation. Indeed, ptrace(2) can be used by an attacker to impersonate another task and to remain undetected while performing malicious activities. Thanks to ptrace_may_access(), various part of the kernel can check if a tracer is more privileged than a tracee.

A landlocked process has fewer privileges than a non-landlocked process and must then be subject to additional restrictions when manipulating processes. To be allowed to use ptrace(2) and related syscalls on a target process, a landlocked process must have a subset of the target process's rules (i.e. the tracee must be in a sub-domain of the tracer).

Cc: James Morris jmorris@namei.org Cc: Kees Cook keescook@chromium.org Cc: Serge E. Hallyn serge@hallyn.com Signed-off-by: Mickaël Salaün mic@linux.microsoft.com Reviewed-by: Jann Horn jannh@google.com ---

Changes since v21: * Fix copyright dates.

Changes since v14: * Constify variables.

Changes since v13: * Make the ptrace restriction mandatory, like in the v10. * Remove the eBPF dependency.

Previous changes: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20191104172146.30797-5-mic@digikod.net/ --- security/landlock/Makefile | 2 +- security/landlock/ptrace.c | 120 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ security/landlock/ptrace.h | 14 +++++ security/landlock/setup.c | 2 + 4 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) create mode 100644 security/landlock/ptrace.c create mode 100644 security/landlock/ptrace.h

diff --git a/security/landlock/Makefile b/security/landlock/Makefile index 041ea242e627..f1d1eb72fa76 100644 --- a/security/landlock/Makefile +++ b/security/landlock/Makefile @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_LANDLOCK) := landlock.o

landlock-y := setup.o object.o ruleset.o \ - cred.o + cred.o ptrace.o diff --git a/security/landlock/ptrace.c b/security/landlock/ptrace.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..77c77bb1fe97 --- /dev/null +++ b/security/landlock/ptrace.c @@ -0,0 +1,120 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only +/* + * Landlock LSM - Ptrace hooks + * + * Copyright © 2017-2020 Mickaël Salaün mic@digikod.net + * Copyright © 2019-2020 ANSSI + */ + +#include <asm/current.h> +#include <linux/cred.h> +#include <linux/errno.h> +#include <linux/kernel.h> +#include <linux/lsm_hooks.h> +#include <linux/rcupdate.h> +#include <linux/sched.h> + +#include "common.h" +#include "cred.h" +#include "ptrace.h" +#include "ruleset.h" +#include "setup.h" + +/** + * domain_scope_le - Checks domain ordering for scoped ptrace + * + * @parent: Parent domain. + * @child: Potential child of @parent. + * + * Checks if the @parent domain is less or equal to (i.e. an ancestor, which + * means a subset of) the @child domain. + */ +static bool domain_scope_le(const struct landlock_ruleset *const parent, + const struct landlock_ruleset *const child) +{ + const struct landlock_hierarchy *walker; + + if (!parent) + return true; + if (!child) + return false; + for (walker = child->hierarchy; walker; walker = walker->parent) { + if (walker == parent->hierarchy) + /* @parent is in the scoped hierarchy of @child. */ + return true; + } + /* There is no relationship between @parent and @child. */ + return false; +} + +static bool task_is_scoped(const struct task_struct *const parent, + const struct task_struct *const child) +{ + bool is_scoped; + const struct landlock_ruleset *dom_parent, *dom_child; + + rcu_read_lock(); + dom_parent = landlock_get_task_domain(parent); + dom_child = landlock_get_task_domain(child); + is_scoped = domain_scope_le(dom_parent, dom_child); + rcu_read_unlock(); + return is_scoped; +} + +static int task_ptrace(const struct task_struct *const parent, + const struct task_struct *const child) +{ + /* Quick return for non-landlocked tasks. */ + if (!landlocked(parent)) + return 0; + if (task_is_scoped(parent, child)) + return 0; + return -EPERM; +} + +/** + * hook_ptrace_access_check - Determines whether the current process may access + * another + * + * @child: Process to be accessed. + * @mode: Mode of attachment. + * + * If the current task has Landlock rules, then the child must have at least + * the same rules. Else denied. + * + * Determines whether a process may access another, returning 0 if permission + * granted, -errno if denied. + */ +static int hook_ptrace_access_check(struct task_struct *const child, + const unsigned int mode) +{ + return task_ptrace(current, child); +} + +/** + * hook_ptrace_traceme - Determines whether another process may trace the + * current one + * + * @parent: Task proposed to be the tracer. + * + * If the parent has Landlock rules, then the current task must have the same + * or more rules. Else denied. + * + * Determines whether the nominated task is permitted to trace the current + * process, returning 0 if permission is granted, -errno if denied. + */ +static int hook_ptrace_traceme(struct task_struct *const parent) +{ + return task_ptrace(parent, current); +} + +static struct security_hook_list landlock_hooks[] __lsm_ro_after_init = { + LSM_HOOK_INIT(ptrace_access_check, hook_ptrace_access_check), + LSM_HOOK_INIT(ptrace_traceme, hook_ptrace_traceme), +}; + +__init void landlock_add_hooks_ptrace(void) +{ + security_add_hooks(landlock_hooks, ARRAY_SIZE(landlock_hooks), + LANDLOCK_NAME); +} diff --git a/security/landlock/ptrace.h b/security/landlock/ptrace.h new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..6740c6a723de --- /dev/null +++ b/security/landlock/ptrace.h @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */ +/* + * Landlock LSM - Ptrace hooks + * + * Copyright © 2017-2019 Mickaël Salaün mic@digikod.net + * Copyright © 2019 ANSSI + */ + +#ifndef _SECURITY_LANDLOCK_PTRACE_H +#define _SECURITY_LANDLOCK_PTRACE_H + +__init void landlock_add_hooks_ptrace(void); + +#endif /* _SECURITY_LANDLOCK_PTRACE_H */ diff --git a/security/landlock/setup.c b/security/landlock/setup.c index 39ee1766f175..5e7540fdeefa 100644 --- a/security/landlock/setup.c +++ b/security/landlock/setup.c @@ -11,6 +11,7 @@

#include "common.h" #include "cred.h" +#include "ptrace.h" #include "setup.h"

struct lsm_blob_sizes landlock_blob_sizes __lsm_ro_after_init = { @@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ struct lsm_blob_sizes landlock_blob_sizes __lsm_ro_after_init = { static int __init landlock_init(void) { landlock_add_hooks_cred(); + landlock_add_hooks_ptrace(); pr_info("Up and running.\n"); return 0; }

From: Mickaël Salaün mic@linux.microsoft.com

The sb_delete security hook is called when shutting down a superblock, which may be useful to release kernel objects tied to the superblock's lifetime (e.g. inodes).

This new hook is needed by Landlock to release (ephemerally) tagged struct inodes. This comes from the unprivileged nature of Landlock described in the next commit.

Cc: Al Viro viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk Cc: James Morris jmorris@namei.org Cc: Kees Cook keescook@chromium.org Cc: Serge E. Hallyn serge@hallyn.com Signed-off-by: Mickaël Salaün mic@linux.microsoft.com Reviewed-by: Jann Horn jannh@google.com ---

Changes since v17: * Initial patch to replace the direct call to landlock_release_inodes() (requested by James Morris). https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/alpine.LRH.2.21.2005150536440.7929@namei.org/ --- fs/super.c | 1 + include/linux/lsm_hook_defs.h | 1 + include/linux/lsm_hooks.h | 2 ++ include/linux/security.h | 4 ++++ security/security.c | 5 +++++ 5 files changed, 13 insertions(+)

diff --git a/fs/super.c b/fs/super.c index a51c2083cd6b..fea9475189f7 100644 --- a/fs/super.c +++ b/fs/super.c @@ -454,6 +454,7 @@ void generic_shutdown_super(struct super_block *sb) evict_inodes(sb); /* only nonzero refcount inodes can have marks */ fsnotify_sb_delete(sb); + security_sb_delete(sb);

if (sb->s_dio_done_wq) { destroy_workqueue(sb->s_dio_done_wq); diff --git a/include/linux/lsm_hook_defs.h b/include/linux/lsm_hook_defs.h index 32a940117e7a..1ba9b4dfecb3 100644 --- a/include/linux/lsm_hook_defs.h +++ b/include/linux/lsm_hook_defs.h @@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ LSM_HOOK(int, 0, fs_context_dup, struct fs_context *fc, LSM_HOOK(int, -ENOPARAM, fs_context_parse_param, struct fs_context *fc, struct fs_parameter *param) LSM_HOOK(int, 0, sb_alloc_security, struct super_block *sb) +LSM_HOOK(void, LSM_RET_VOID, sb_delete, struct super_block *sb) LSM_HOOK(void, LSM_RET_VOID, sb_free_security, struct super_block *sb) LSM_HOOK(void, LSM_RET_VOID, sb_free_mnt_opts, void *mnt_opts) LSM_HOOK(int, 0, sb_eat_lsm_opts, char *orig, void **mnt_opts) diff --git a/include/linux/lsm_hooks.h b/include/linux/lsm_hooks.h index ff0f03a45c56..dbfcec05a176 100644 --- a/include/linux/lsm_hooks.h +++ b/include/linux/lsm_hooks.h @@ -108,6 +108,8 @@ * allocated. * @sb contains the super_block structure to be modified. * Return 0 if operation was successful. + * @sb_delete: + * Release objects tied to a superblock (e.g. inodes). * @sb_free_security: * Deallocate and clear the sb->s_security field. * @sb contains the super_block structure to be modified. diff --git a/include/linux/security.h b/include/linux/security.h index bc2725491560..a4603b62d444 100644 --- a/include/linux/security.h +++ b/include/linux/security.h @@ -287,6 +287,7 @@ void security_bprm_committed_creds(struct linux_binprm *bprm); int security_fs_context_dup(struct fs_context *fc, struct fs_context *src_fc); int security_fs_context_parse_param(struct fs_context *fc, struct fs_parameter *param); int security_sb_alloc(struct super_block *sb); +void security_sb_delete(struct super_block *sb); void security_sb_free(struct super_block *sb); void security_free_mnt_opts(void **mnt_opts); int security_sb_eat_lsm_opts(char *options, void **mnt_opts); @@ -619,6 +620,9 @@ static inline int security_sb_alloc(struct super_block *sb) return 0; }

+static inline void security_sb_delete(struct super_block *sb) +{ } + static inline void security_sb_free(struct super_block *sb) { }

diff --git a/security/security.c b/security/security.c index 4ffd6c3af9d7..4563e7a79216 100644 --- a/security/security.c +++ b/security/security.c @@ -899,6 +899,11 @@ int security_sb_alloc(struct super_block *sb) return rc; }

+void security_sb_delete(struct super_block *sb) +{ + call_void_hook(sb_delete, sb); +} + void security_sb_free(struct super_block *sb) { call_void_hook(sb_free_security, sb);

From: Mickaël Salaün mic@linux.microsoft.com

These 3 system calls are designed to be used by unprivileged processes to sandbox themselves: * landlock_create_ruleset(2): Creates a ruleset and returns its file descriptor. * landlock_add_rule(2): Adds a rule (e.g. file hierarchy access) to a ruleset, identified by the dedicated file descriptor. * landlock_enforce_ruleset_current(2): Enforces a ruleset on the current thread and its future children (similar to seccomp). This syscall has the same usage restrictions as seccomp(2): the caller must have the no_new_privs attribute set or have CAP_SYS_ADMIN in the current user namespace.

All these syscalls have a "flags" argument (not currently used) to enable extensibility.

Here are the motivations for these new syscalls: * A sandboxed process may not have access to file systems, including /dev, /sys or /proc, but it should still be able to add more restrictions to itself. * Neither prctl(2) nor seccomp(2) (which was used in a previous version) fit well with the current definition of a Landlock security policy.

All passed structs (attributes) are checked at build time to ensure that they don't contain holes and that they are aligned the same way for each architecture.

See the user and kernel documentation for more details (provided by a following commit): * Documentation/userspace-api/landlock.rst * Documentation/security/landlock.rst

Cc: Arnd Bergmann arnd@arndb.de Cc: James Morris jmorris@namei.org Cc: Jann Horn jannh@google.com Cc: Kees Cook keescook@chromium.org Cc: Serge E. Hallyn serge@hallyn.com Signed-off-by: Mickaël Salaün mic@linux.microsoft.com ---

Changes since v23: * Rewrite get_ruleset_from_fd() to please the 0-DAY CI Kernel Test Service that reported an uninitialized variable (false positive): https://lore.kernel.org/linux-security-module/202011101854.zGbWwusK-lkp@inte... Anyway, it is cleaner like this. * Add a comment about E2BIG which can be returned by landlock_enforce_ruleset_current(2) when there is no more room for another stacked ruleset (i.e. domain).

Changes since v22: * Replace security_capable() with ns_capable_noaudit() (suggested by Jann Horn) and explicitly return EPERM. * Fix landlock_enforce_ruleset_current(2)'s out_put_creds (spotted by Jann Horn). * Add __always_inline to copy_min_struct_from_user() to make its BUILD_BUG_ON() checks reliable (suggested by Jann Horn). * Simplify path assignation in get_path_from_fd() (suggested by Jann Horn). * Fix spelling (spotted by Jann Horn).

Changes since v21: * Fix and improve comments.

Changes since v20: * Remove two arguments to landlock_enforce_ruleset(2) (requested by Arnd Bergmann) and rename it to landlock_enforce_ruleset_current(2): remove the enum landlock_target_type and the target file descriptor (not used for now). A ruleset can only be enforced on the current thread. * Remove the size argument in landlock_add_rule() (requested by Arnd Bergmann). * Remove landlock_get_features(2) (suggested by Arnd Bergmann). * Simplify and rename copy_struct_if_any_from_user() to copy_min_struct_from_user(). * Rename "options" to "flags" to allign with current syscalls. * Rename some types and variables in a more consistent way. * Fix missing type declarations in syscalls.h .

Changes since v19: * Replace the landlock(2) syscall with 4 syscalls (one for each command): landlock_get_features(2), landlock_create_ruleset(2), landlock_add_rule(2) and landlock_enforce_ruleset(2) (suggested by Arnd Bergmann). https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/56d15841-e2c1-2d58-59b8-3a6a09b23b4a@digikod.ne... * Return EOPNOTSUPP (instead of ENOPKG) when Landlock is disabled. * Add two new fields to landlock_attr_features to fit with the new syscalls: last_rule_type and last_target_type. This enable to easily identify which types are supported. * Pack landlock_attr_path_beneath struct because of the removed ruleset_fd. * Update documentation and fix spelling.

Changes since v18: * Remove useless include. * Remove LLATTR_SIZE() which was only used to shorten lines. Cf. commit bdc48fa11e46 ("checkpatch/coding-style: deprecate 80-column warning").

Changes since v17: * Synchronize syscall declaration. * Fix comment.

Changes since v16: * Add a size_attr_features field to struct landlock_attr_features for self-introspection, and move the access_fs field to be more consistent. * Replace __aligned_u64 types of attribute fields with __u16, __s32, __u32 and __u64, and check at build time that these structures does not contain hole and that they are aligned the same way (8-bits) on all architectures. This shrinks the size of the userspace ABI, which may be appreciated especially for struct landlock_attr_features which could grow a lot in the future. For instance, struct landlock_attr_features shrinks from 72 bytes to 32 bytes. This change also enables to remove 64-bits to 32-bits conversion checks. * Switch syscall attribute pointer and size arguments to follow similar syscall argument order (e.g. bpf, clone3, openat2). * Set LANDLOCK_OPT_* types to 32-bits. * Allow enforcement of empty ruleset, which enables deny-all policies. * Fix documentation inconsistency.

Changes since v15: * Do not add file descriptors referring to internal filesystems (e.g. nsfs) in a ruleset. * Replace is_user_mountable() with in-place clean checks. * Replace EBADR with EBADFD in get_ruleset_from_fd() and get_path_from_fd(). * Remove ruleset's show_fdinfo() for now.

Changes since v14: * Remove the security_file_open() check in get_path_from_fd(): an opened FD should not be restricted here, and even less with this hook. As a result, it is now allowed to add a path to a ruleset even if the access to this path is not allowed (without O_PATH). This doesn't change the fact that enforcing a ruleset can't grant any right, only remove some rights. The new layer levels add more consistent restrictions. * Check minimal landlock_attr_* size/content. This fix the case when no data was provided and e.g., FD 0 was interpreted as ruleset_fd. Now this leads to a returned -EINVAL. * Fix credential double-free error case. * Complete struct landlock_attr_size with size_attr_enforce. * Fix undefined reference to syscall when Landlock is not selected. * Remove f.file->f_path.mnt check (suggested by Al Viro). * Add build-time checks. * Move ABI checks from fs.c . * Constify variables. * Fix spelling. * Add comments.

Changes since v13: * New implementation, replacing the dependency on seccomp(2) and bpf(2). --- include/linux/syscalls.h | 7 + include/uapi/linux/landlock.h | 53 +++++ kernel/sys_ni.c | 5 + security/landlock/Makefile | 2 +- security/landlock/syscall.c | 426 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 5 files changed, 492 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) create mode 100644 security/landlock/syscall.c

diff --git a/include/linux/syscalls.h b/include/linux/syscalls.h index 37bea07c12f2..ee3e24095c5f 100644 --- a/include/linux/syscalls.h +++ b/include/linux/syscalls.h @@ -68,6 +68,8 @@ union bpf_attr; struct io_uring_params; struct clone_args; struct open_how; +struct landlock_ruleset_attr; +enum landlock_rule_type;

#include <linux/types.h> #include <linux/aio_abi.h> @@ -1008,6 +1010,11 @@ asmlinkage long sys_pidfd_send_signal(int pidfd, int sig, siginfo_t __user *info, unsigned int flags); asmlinkage long sys_pidfd_getfd(int pidfd, int fd, unsigned int flags); +asmlinkage long sys_landlock_create_ruleset(const struct landlock_ruleset_attr __user *attr, + size_t size, __u32 flags); +asmlinkage long sys_landlock_add_rule(int ruleset_fd, enum landlock_rule_type rule_type, + const void __user *rule_attr, __u32 flags); +asmlinkage long sys_landlock_enforce_ruleset_current(int ruleset_fd, __u32 flags);

/* * Architecture-specific system calls diff --git a/include/uapi/linux/landlock.h b/include/uapi/linux/landlock.h index d547bd49fe38..1a2299fa958a 100644 --- a/include/uapi/linux/landlock.h +++ b/include/uapi/linux/landlock.h @@ -9,6 +9,59 @@ #ifndef _UAPI__LINUX_LANDLOCK_H__ #define _UAPI__LINUX_LANDLOCK_H__

+#include <linux/types.h> + +/** + * struct landlock_ruleset_attr - Ruleset definition + * + * Argument of sys_landlock_create_ruleset(). This structure can grow in + * future versions. + */ +struct landlock_ruleset_attr { + /** + * @handled_access_fs: Bitmask of actions (cf. `Filesystem flags`_) + * that is handled by this ruleset and should then be forbidden if no + * rule explicitly allow them. This is needed for backward + * compatibility reasons. + */ + __u64 handled_access_fs; +}; + +/** + * enum landlock_rule_type - Landlock rule type + * + * Argument of sys_landlock_add_rule(). + */ +enum landlock_rule_type { + /** + * @LANDLOCK_RULE_PATH_BENEATH: Type of a &struct + * landlock_path_beneath_attr . + */ + LANDLOCK_RULE_PATH_BENEATH = 1, +}; + +/** + * struct landlock_path_beneath_attr - Path hierarchy definition + * + * Argument of sys_landlock_add_rule(). + */ +struct landlock_path_beneath_attr { + /** + * @allowed_access: Bitmask of allowed actions for this file hierarchy + * (cf. `Filesystem flags`_). + */ + __u64 allowed_access; + /** + * @parent_fd: File descriptor, open with ``O_PATH``, which identifies + * the parent directory of a file hierarchy, or just a file. + */ + __s32 parent_fd; + /* + * This struct is packed to avoid trailing reserved members. + * Cf. security/landlock/syscall.c:build_check_abi() + */ +} __attribute__((packed)); + /** * DOC: fs_access * diff --git a/kernel/sys_ni.c b/kernel/sys_ni.c index f27ac94d5fa7..0906cb79e801 100644 --- a/kernel/sys_ni.c +++ b/kernel/sys_ni.c @@ -264,6 +264,11 @@ COND_SYSCALL(request_key); COND_SYSCALL(keyctl); COND_SYSCALL_COMPAT(keyctl);

+/* security/landlock/syscall.c */ +COND_SYSCALL(landlock_create_ruleset); +COND_SYSCALL(landlock_add_rule); +COND_SYSCALL(landlock_enforce_ruleset_current); + /* arch/example/kernel/sys_example.c */

/* mm/fadvise.c */ diff --git a/security/landlock/Makefile b/security/landlock/Makefile index 92e3d80ab8ed..4388494779ec 100644 --- a/security/landlock/Makefile +++ b/security/landlock/Makefile @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_LANDLOCK) := landlock.o

-landlock-y := setup.o object.o ruleset.o \ +landlock-y := setup.o syscall.o object.o ruleset.o \ cred.o ptrace.o fs.o diff --git a/security/landlock/syscall.c b/security/landlock/syscall.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..045bcac79e17 --- /dev/null +++ b/security/landlock/syscall.c @@ -0,0 +1,426 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only +/* + * Landlock LSM - System call implementations and user space interfaces + * + * Copyright © 2016-2020 Mickaël Salaün mic@digikod.net + * Copyright © 2018-2020 ANSSI + */ + +#include <asm/current.h> +#include <linux/anon_inodes.h> +#include <linux/build_bug.h> +#include <linux/capability.h> +#include <linux/compiler_types.h> +#include <linux/dcache.h> +#include <linux/err.h> +#include <linux/errno.h> +#include <linux/fs.h> +#include <linux/limits.h> +#include <linux/mount.h> +#include <linux/path.h> +#include <linux/sched.h> +#include <linux/security.h> +#include <linux/stddef.h> +#include <linux/syscalls.h> +#include <linux/types.h> +#include <linux/uaccess.h> +#include <uapi/linux/landlock.h> + +#include "cred.h" +#include "fs.h" +#include "ruleset.h" +#include "setup.h" + +/** + * copy_min_struct_from_user - Safe future-proof argument copying + * + * Extend copy_struct_from_user() to check for consistent user buffer. + * + * @dst: Kernel space pointer or NULL. + * @ksize: Actual size of the data pointed to by @dst. + * @ksize_min: Minimal required size to be copied. + * @src: User space pointer or NULL. + * @usize: (Alleged) size of the data pointed to by @src. + */ +static __always_inline int copy_min_struct_from_user(void *const dst, + const size_t ksize, const size_t ksize_min, + const void __user *const src, const size_t usize) +{ + /* Checks buffer inconsistencies. */ + BUILD_BUG_ON(!dst); + if (!src) + return -EFAULT; + + /* Checks size ranges. */ + BUILD_BUG_ON(ksize <= 0); + BUILD_BUG_ON(ksize < ksize_min); + if (usize < ksize_min) + return -EINVAL; + if (usize > PAGE_SIZE) + return -E2BIG; + + /* Copies user buffer and fills with zeros. */ + return copy_struct_from_user(dst, ksize, src, usize); +} + +/* + * This function only contains arithmetic operations with constants, leading to + * BUILD_BUG_ON(). The related code is evaluated and checked at build time, + * but it is then ignored thanks to compiler optimizations. + */ +static void build_check_abi(void) +{ + size_t ruleset_size, path_beneath_size; + + /* + * For each user space ABI structures, first checks that there is no + * hole in them, then checks that all architectures have the same + * struct size. + */ + ruleset_size = sizeof_field(struct landlock_ruleset_attr, handled_access_fs); + BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct landlock_ruleset_attr) != ruleset_size); + BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct landlock_ruleset_attr) != 8); + + path_beneath_size = sizeof_field(struct landlock_path_beneath_attr, allowed_access); + path_beneath_size += sizeof_field(struct landlock_path_beneath_attr, parent_fd); + BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct landlock_path_beneath_attr) != path_beneath_size); + BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct landlock_path_beneath_attr) != 12); +} + +/* Ruleset handling */ + +static int fop_ruleset_release(struct inode *const inode, + struct file *const filp) +{ + struct landlock_ruleset *ruleset = filp->private_data; + + landlock_put_ruleset(ruleset); + return 0; +} + +static ssize_t fop_dummy_read(struct file *const filp, char __user *const buf, + const size_t size, loff_t *const ppos) +{ + /* Dummy handler to enable FMODE_CAN_READ. */ + return -EINVAL; +} + +static ssize_t fop_dummy_write(struct file *const filp, + const char __user *const buf, const size_t size, + loff_t *const ppos) +{ + /* Dummy handler to enable FMODE_CAN_WRITE. */ + return -EINVAL; +} + +/* + * A ruleset file descriptor enables to build a ruleset by adding (i.e. + * writing) rule after rule, without relying on the task's context. This + * reentrant design is also used in a read way to enforce the ruleset on the + * current task. + */ +static const struct file_operations ruleset_fops = { + .release = fop_ruleset_release, + .read = fop_dummy_read, + .write = fop_dummy_write, +}; + +/** + * sys_landlock_create_ruleset - Create a new ruleset + * + * @attr: Pointer to a &struct landlock_ruleset_attr identifying the scope of + * the new ruleset. + * @size: Size of the pointed &struct landlock_ruleset_attr (needed for + * backward and forward compatibility). + * @flags: Must be 0. + * + * This system call enables to create a new Landlock ruleset, and returns the + * related file descriptor on success. + * + * Possible returned errors are: + * + * - EOPNOTSUPP: Landlock is supported by the kernel but disabled at boot time; + * - EINVAL: @flags is not 0, or unknown access, or too small @size; + * - E2BIG or EFAULT: @attr or @size inconsistencies; + * - ENOMSG: empty &landlock_ruleset_attr.handled_access_fs. + */ +SYSCALL_DEFINE3(landlock_create_ruleset, + const struct landlock_ruleset_attr __user *const, attr, + const size_t, size, const __u32, flags) +{ + struct landlock_ruleset_attr ruleset_attr; + struct landlock_ruleset *ruleset; + int err, ruleset_fd; + + /* Build-time checks. */ + build_check_abi(); + + if (!landlock_initialized) + return -EOPNOTSUPP; + + /* No flag for now. */ + if (flags) + return -EINVAL; + + /* Copies raw user space buffer. */ + err = copy_min_struct_from_user(&ruleset_attr, sizeof(ruleset_attr), + offsetofend(typeof(ruleset_attr), handled_access_fs), + attr, size); + if (err) + return err; + + /* Checks content (and 32-bits cast). */ + if ((ruleset_attr.handled_access_fs | _LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MASK) != + _LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MASK) + return -EINVAL; + + /* Checks arguments and transforms to kernel struct. */ + ruleset = landlock_create_ruleset(ruleset_attr.handled_access_fs); + if (IS_ERR(ruleset)) + return PTR_ERR(ruleset); + + /* Creates anonymous FD referring to the ruleset. */ + ruleset_fd = anon_inode_getfd("landlock-ruleset", &ruleset_fops, + ruleset, O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC); + if (ruleset_fd < 0) + landlock_put_ruleset(ruleset); + return ruleset_fd; +} + +/* + * Returns an owned ruleset from a FD. It is thus needed to call + * landlock_put_ruleset() on the return value. + */ +static struct landlock_ruleset *get_ruleset_from_fd(const int fd, + const fmode_t mode) +{ + struct fd ruleset_f; + struct landlock_ruleset *ruleset; + + ruleset_f = fdget(fd); + if (!ruleset_f.file) + return ERR_PTR(-EBADF); + + /* Checks FD type and access right. */ + if (ruleset_f.file->f_op != &ruleset_fops) { + ruleset = ERR_PTR(-EBADFD); + goto out_fdput; + } + if (!(ruleset_f.file->f_mode & mode)) { + ruleset = ERR_PTR(-EPERM); + goto out_fdput; + } + ruleset = ruleset_f.file->private_data; + landlock_get_ruleset(ruleset); + +out_fdput: + fdput(ruleset_f); + return ruleset; +} + +/* Path handling */ + +/* + * @path: Must call put_path(@path) after the call if it succeeded. + */ +static int get_path_from_fd(const s32 fd, struct path *const path) +{ + struct fd f; + int err = 0; + + BUILD_BUG_ON(!__same_type(fd, + ((struct landlock_path_beneath_attr *)NULL)->parent_fd)); + + /* Handles O_PATH. */ + f = fdget_raw(fd); + if (!f.file) + return -EBADF; + /* + * Only allows O_PATH file descriptor: enables to restrict ambient + * filesystem access without requiring to open and risk leaking or + * misusing a file descriptor. Forbid internal filesystems (e.g. + * nsfs), including pseudo filesystems that will never be mountable + * (e.g. sockfs, pipefs). + */ + if (!(f.file->f_mode & FMODE_PATH) || + (f.file->f_path.mnt->mnt_flags & MNT_INTERNAL) || + (f.file->f_path.dentry->d_sb->s_flags & SB_NOUSER) || + d_is_negative(f.file->f_path.dentry) || + IS_PRIVATE(d_backing_inode(f.file->f_path.dentry))) { + err = -EBADFD; + goto out_fdput; + } + *path = f.file->f_path; + path_get(path); + +out_fdput: + fdput(f); + return err; +} + +/** + * sys_landlock_add_rule - Add a new rule to a ruleset + * + * @ruleset_fd: File descriptor tied to the ruleset which should be extended + * with the new rule. + * @rule_type: Identify the structure type pointed to by @rule_attr (only + * LANDLOCK_RULE_PATH_BENEATH for now). + * @rule_attr: Pointer to a rule (only of type &struct + * landlock_path_beneath_attr for now). + * @flags: Must be 0. + * + * This system call enables to define a new rule and add it to an existing + * ruleset. + * + * Possible returned errors are: + * + * - EOPNOTSUPP: Landlock is supported by the kernel but disabled at boot time; + * - EINVAL: @flags is not 0, or inconsistent access in the rule (i.e. + * &landlock_path_beneath_attr.allowed_access is not a subset of the rule's + * accesses); + * - EBADF: @ruleset_fd is not a file descriptor for the current thread; + * - EBADFD: @ruleset_fd is not a ruleset file descriptor; + * - EPERM: @ruleset_fd has no write access to the underlying ruleset; + * - EFAULT: @rule_attr inconsistency. + */ +SYSCALL_DEFINE4(landlock_add_rule, + const int, ruleset_fd, const enum landlock_rule_type, rule_type, + const void __user *const, rule_attr, const __u32, flags) +{ + struct landlock_path_beneath_attr path_beneath_attr; + struct path path; + struct landlock_ruleset *ruleset; + int res, err; + + if (!landlock_initialized) + return -EOPNOTSUPP; + + /* No flag for now. */ + if (flags) + return -EINVAL; + + if (rule_type != LANDLOCK_RULE_PATH_BENEATH) + return -EINVAL; + + /* Copies raw user space buffer, only one type for now. */ + res = copy_from_user(&path_beneath_attr, rule_attr, + sizeof(path_beneath_attr)); + if (res) + return -EFAULT; + + /* Gets and checks the ruleset. */ + ruleset = get_ruleset_from_fd(ruleset_fd, FMODE_CAN_WRITE); + if (IS_ERR(ruleset)) + return PTR_ERR(ruleset); + + /* + * Checks that allowed_access matches the @ruleset constraints + * (ruleset->fs_access_mask is automatically upgraded to 64-bits). + * Allows empty allowed_access i.e., deny @ruleset->fs_access_mask . + */ + if ((path_beneath_attr.allowed_access | ruleset->fs_access_mask) != + ruleset->fs_access_mask) { + err = -EINVAL; + goto out_put_ruleset; + } + + /* Gets and checks the new rule. */ + err = get_path_from_fd(path_beneath_attr.parent_fd, &path); + if (err) + goto out_put_ruleset; + + /* Imports the new rule. */ + err = landlock_append_fs_rule(ruleset, &path, + path_beneath_attr.allowed_access); + path_put(&path); + +out_put_ruleset: + landlock_put_ruleset(ruleset); + return err; +} + +/* Enforcement */ + +/** + * sys_landlock_enforce_ruleset_current - Enforce a ruleset on the current task + * + * @ruleset_fd: File descriptor tied to the ruleset to merge with the target. + * @flags: Must be 0. + * + * This system call enables to enforce a Landlock ruleset on the current + * thread. Enforcing a ruleset requires that the task has CAP_SYS_ADMIN in its + * namespace or is running with no_new_privs. This avoids scenarios where + * unprivileged tasks can affect the behavior of privileged children. + * + * Possible returned errors are: + * + * - EOPNOTSUPP: Landlock is supported by the kernel but disabled at boot time; + * - EINVAL: @flags is not 0. + * - EBADF: @ruleset_fd is not a file descriptor for the current thread; + * - EBADFD: @ruleset_fd is not a ruleset file descriptor; + * - EPERM: @ruleset_fd has no read access to the underlying ruleset, or the + * current thread is not running with no_new_privs, or it doesn't have + * CAP_SYS_ADMIN in its namespace. + * - E2BIG: The maximum number of stacked rulesets is reached for the current + * task. + */ +SYSCALL_DEFINE2(landlock_enforce_ruleset_current, + const int, ruleset_fd, const __u32, flags) +{ + struct landlock_ruleset *new_dom, *ruleset; + struct cred *new_cred; + struct landlock_cred_security *new_llcred; + int err; + + if (!landlock_initialized) + return -EOPNOTSUPP; + + /* No flag for now. */ + if (flags) + return -EINVAL; + + /* + * Similar checks as for seccomp(2), except that an -EPERM may be + * returned. + */ + if (!task_no_new_privs(current) && + !ns_capable_noaudit(current_user_ns(), CAP_SYS_ADMIN)) + return -EPERM; + + /* Gets and checks the ruleset. */ + ruleset = get_ruleset_from_fd(ruleset_fd, FMODE_CAN_READ); + if (IS_ERR(ruleset)) + return PTR_ERR(ruleset); + + /* Prepares new credentials. */ + new_cred = prepare_creds(); + if (!new_cred) { + err = -ENOMEM; + goto out_put_ruleset; + } + new_llcred = landlock_cred(new_cred); + + /* + * There is no possible race condition while copying and manipulating + * the current credentials because they are dedicated per thread. + */ + new_dom = landlock_merge_ruleset(new_llcred->domain, ruleset); + if (IS_ERR(new_dom)) { + err = PTR_ERR(new_dom); + goto out_put_creds; + } + + /* Replaces the old (prepared) domain. */ + landlock_put_ruleset(new_llcred->domain); + new_llcred->domain = new_dom; + + landlock_put_ruleset(ruleset); + return commit_creds(new_cred); + +out_put_creds: + abort_creds(new_cred); + +out_put_ruleset: + landlock_put_ruleset(ruleset); + return err; +}

From: Mickaël Salaün mic@linux.microsoft.com

Test all Landlock system calls, ptrace hooks semantic and filesystem access-control.

Test coverage for security/landlock/ is 94.8% of lines. The code not covered only deals with internal kernel errors (e.g. memory allocation) and race conditions.

Cc: James Morris jmorris@namei.org Cc: Jann Horn jannh@google.com Cc: Kees Cook keescook@chromium.org Cc: Serge E. Hallyn serge@hallyn.com Cc: Shuah Khan shuah@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mickaël Salaün mic@linux.microsoft.com Reviewed-by: Vincent Dagonneau vincent.dagonneau@ssi.gouv.fr ---

Changes since v23: * Add an interleaved_masked_accesses test to check corner cases for interleaved layered ruleset combinations. * Update ruleset_overlap and inherit_subset tests to follow the new intersect access rights behavior. * Extend the inherit_superset test to check that layers are handled as expected in the superset use case, which complete the inherit_subset checks. * Fix comment (spotted by Vincent Dagonneau).

Changes since v22: * Extend and add a new test to better check rules applied to the root directory: rule_over_root_allow_then_deny, rule_over_root_deny. * Change the signature of test_path*() to make the calls clearer.

Changes since v21: * Remove layout1.chroot test and update layout1.unhandled_access to not rely on LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_CHROOT. * Clean up comments.

Changes since v20: * Update with new syscalls and type names. * Use the full syscall interfaces: explicitely set the "flags" field to zero. * Update the empty_path_beneath_attr test to check for EFAULT. * Update and merge tests for the simplified copy_min_struct_from_user(). * Clean up makefile. * Rename some types and variables in a more consistent way.

Changes since v19: * Update with the new Landlock syscalls. * Fix device creation. * Check the new landlock_attr_features members: last_rule_type and last_target_type . * Constify variables.

Changes since v18: * Replace ruleset_rw.inval with layout1.inval to avoid inexistent test layout. * Use the new FIXTURE_VARIANT for ptrace_test: makes the tests more readable and usable. * Add ARRAY_SIZE() macro to please checkpatch.

Changes since v17: * Add new test for mknod with a zero mode. * Use memset(3) to initialize attr_features in base_test.

Changes since v16: * Add new unpriv_enforce_without_no_new_privs test: check that ruleset enforcing is forbiden without no_new_privs and CAP_SYS_ADMIN. * Drop capabilities when useful. * Check the new size_attr_features field from struct landlock_attr_features. * Update the empty_or_same_ruleset test to check complementary empty ruleset. * Update base_test according to the new attribute structures and fix the inconsistent_attr test accordingly. * Switch syscall attribute pointer and size arguments. * Rename test files with a "_test" suffix.

Changes since v14: * Add new tests: - superset: check new layer bitmask. - max_layers: check maximum number of layers. - release_inodes: check that umount work well. - empty_or_same_ruleset. - inconsistent_attr: checks copy_to_user limits. - in ruleset_rw.inval to check ruleset FD. - proc_unlinked_file: check file access through /proc/self/fd . - file_access_rights: check that a file can only get consistent access rights. - unpriv: check that NO_NEW_PRIVS or CAP_SYS_ADMIN is required. - check pipe access through /proc/self/fd . - check move_mount(2). - check ruleset file descriptor properties. - proc_nsfs: extend to check that internal filesystems (e.g. nsfs) are allowed. * Double-check read and write effective actions. * Fix potential desynchronization between the kernel sources and installed headers by overriding the build step in the Makefile. This also enable to build with Clang. * Add two files in the test directories (for link test and rename test). * Remove test for ruleset's show_fdinfo(). * Replace EBADR with EBADFD. * Update tests accordingly to the changes of rename and link rights. * Fix (now) illegal access rights tied to files. * Update rename and link tests. * Remove superfluous '\n' in TH_LOG() calls. * Make assert calls consistent and readable. * Fix the execute test. * Make tests future-proof. * Cosmetic fixes.

Changes since v14: * Add new tests: - Compatibility: empty_attr_{ruleset,path_beneath,enforce} to check minimal attr size. - Access types: link_to, rename_from, rename_to, rmdir, unlink, make_char, make_block, make_reg, make_sock, make_fifo, make_sym, make_dir, chroot, execute. - Test privilege escalation prevention by enforcing a nested rule, on a parent directory, with less restrictions than one on a child directory. - Test for empty and more than 32-bits allowed_access * Merge the two test mount hierarchies. * Complete relative path tests by combining chdir and chroot. * Adjust tests: - Remove the layout1/extend_ruleset_with_denied_path test. - Extend layout1/whitelist test with checks on file. - Add and use create_dir_and_file(). * Only use read/write checks but not stat(2) for tests. * Rename test.h to common.h and improve it. * Rename path name to make them more consistent, easy to understand and make them in a common directory. * Make create_ruleset() more generic. * Constify variables. * Re-add static global variables. * Remove useless openat(2). * Fix and complete kernel config. * Set umask and clean up file modes. * Clean up open flags. * Improve Makefile. * Fix spelling. * Improve comments and error messages.

Changes since v13: * Add back the filesystem tests (from v10) and extend them. * Add tests for the new syscall.

Previous changes: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20191104172146.30797-7-mic@digikod.net/ --- tools/testing/selftests/Makefile | 1 + tools/testing/selftests/landlock/.gitignore | 2 + tools/testing/selftests/landlock/Makefile | 24 + tools/testing/selftests/landlock/base_test.c | 117 ++ tools/testing/selftests/landlock/common.h | 113 + tools/testing/selftests/landlock/config | 5 + tools/testing/selftests/landlock/fs_test.c | 1824 +++++++++++++++++ .../testing/selftests/landlock/ptrace_test.c | 307 +++ tools/testing/selftests/landlock/true.c | 5 + 9 files changed, 2398 insertions(+) create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/landlock/.gitignore create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/landlock/Makefile create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/landlock/base_test.c create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/landlock/common.h create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/landlock/config create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/landlock/fs_test.c create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/landlock/ptrace_test.c create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/landlock/true.c

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/Makefile index d9c283503159..f40a34430652 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/Makefile +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/Makefile @@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ TARGETS += ir TARGETS += kcmp TARGETS += kexec TARGETS += kvm +TARGETS += landlock TARGETS += lib TARGETS += livepatch TARGETS += lkdtm diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/landlock/.gitignore b/tools/testing/selftests/landlock/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..470203a7cd73 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/landlock/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +/*_test +/true diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/landlock/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/landlock/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..a99596ca9882 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/landlock/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 + +CFLAGS += -Wall -O2 + +src_test := $(wildcard *_test.c) + +TEST_GEN_PROGS := $(src_test:.c=) + +TEST_GEN_PROGS_EXTENDED := true + +KSFT_KHDR_INSTALL := 1 +OVERRIDE_TARGETS := 1 +include ../lib.mk + +khdr_dir = $(top_srcdir)/usr/include + +$(khdr_dir)/linux/landlock.h: khdr + @: + +$(OUTPUT)/true: true.c + $(LINK.c) $< $(LDLIBS) -o $@ -static + +$(OUTPUT)/%_test: %_test.c $(khdr_dir)/linux/landlock.h ../kselftest_harness.h common.h + $(LINK.c) $< $(LDLIBS) -o $@ -lcap -I$(khdr_dir) diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/landlock/base_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/landlock/base_test.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..cb35eb91516b --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/landlock/base_test.c @@ -0,0 +1,117 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 +/* + * Landlock tests - Common user space base + * + * Copyright © 2017-2020 Mickaël Salaün mic@digikod.net + * Copyright © 2019-2020 ANSSI + */ + +#define _GNU_SOURCE +#include <errno.h> +#include <fcntl.h> +#include <linux/landlock.h> +#include <string.h> +#include <sys/prctl.h> + +#include "common.h" + +#ifndef O_PATH +#define O_PATH 010000000 +#endif + +TEST(inconsistent_attr) { + const long page_size = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE); + char *const buf = malloc(page_size + 1); + struct landlock_ruleset_attr *const ruleset_attr = (void *)buf; + + ASSERT_NE(NULL, buf); + + /* Checks copy_from_user(). */ + ASSERT_EQ(-1, landlock_create_ruleset(ruleset_attr, 0, 0)); + /* The size if less than sizeof(struct landlock_attr_enforce). */ + ASSERT_EQ(EINVAL, errno); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, landlock_create_ruleset(ruleset_attr, 1, 0)); + ASSERT_EQ(EINVAL, errno); + + ASSERT_EQ(-1, landlock_create_ruleset(NULL, 1, 0)); + /* The size if less than sizeof(struct landlock_attr_enforce). */ + ASSERT_EQ(EFAULT, errno); + + ASSERT_EQ(-1, landlock_create_ruleset(NULL, + sizeof(struct landlock_ruleset_attr), 0)); + ASSERT_EQ(EFAULT, errno); + + ASSERT_EQ(-1, landlock_create_ruleset(ruleset_attr, page_size + 1, 0)); + ASSERT_EQ(E2BIG, errno); + + ASSERT_EQ(-1, landlock_create_ruleset(ruleset_attr, + sizeof(struct landlock_ruleset_attr), 0)); + ASSERT_EQ(ENOMSG, errno); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, landlock_create_ruleset(ruleset_attr, page_size, 0)); + ASSERT_EQ(ENOMSG, errno); + + /* Checks non-zero value. */ + buf[page_size - 2] = '.'; + ASSERT_EQ(-1, landlock_create_ruleset(ruleset_attr, page_size, 0)); + ASSERT_EQ(E2BIG, errno); + + ASSERT_EQ(-1, landlock_create_ruleset(ruleset_attr, page_size + 1, 0)); + ASSERT_EQ(E2BIG, errno); + + free(buf); +} + +TEST(empty_path_beneath_attr) { + const struct landlock_ruleset_attr ruleset_attr = { + .handled_access_fs = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_EXECUTE, + }; + const int ruleset_fd = landlock_create_ruleset(&ruleset_attr, + sizeof(ruleset_attr), 0); + + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + + /* Similar to struct landlock_path_beneath_attr.parent_fd = 0 */ + ASSERT_EQ(-1, landlock_add_rule(ruleset_fd, LANDLOCK_RULE_PATH_BENEATH, + NULL, 0)); + ASSERT_EQ(EFAULT, errno); + ASSERT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); +} + +TEST(inval_fd_enforce) { + ASSERT_EQ(0, prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 1, 0, 0, 0)); + + ASSERT_EQ(-1, landlock_enforce_ruleset_current(-1, 0)); + ASSERT_EQ(EBADF, errno); +} + +TEST(unpriv_enforce_without_no_new_privs) { + int err; + + disable_caps(_metadata); + err = landlock_enforce_ruleset_current(-1, 0); + ASSERT_EQ(errno, EPERM); + ASSERT_EQ(err, -1); +} + +TEST(ruleset_fd) +{ + struct landlock_ruleset_attr ruleset_attr = { + .handled_access_fs = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE, + }; + int ruleset_fd; + char buf; + + disable_caps(_metadata); + ruleset_fd = landlock_create_ruleset(&ruleset_attr, + sizeof(ruleset_attr), 0); + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + + ASSERT_EQ(-1, write(ruleset_fd, ".", 1)); + ASSERT_EQ(EINVAL, errno); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, read(ruleset_fd, &buf, 1)); + ASSERT_EQ(EINVAL, errno); + + ASSERT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); +} + +TEST_HARNESS_MAIN diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/landlock/common.h b/tools/testing/selftests/landlock/common.h new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..d5efeb25b61f --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/landlock/common.h @@ -0,0 +1,113 @@ +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */ +/* + * Landlock test helpers + * + * Copyright © 2017-2020 Mickaël Salaün mic@digikod.net + * Copyright © 2019-2020 ANSSI + */ + +#include <errno.h> +#include <linux/landlock.h> +#include <sys/capability.h> +#include <sys/syscall.h> + +#include "../kselftest_harness.h" + +#ifndef ARRAY_SIZE +#define ARRAY_SIZE(x) (sizeof(x) / sizeof((x)[0])) +#endif + +#ifndef landlock_create_ruleset +static inline int landlock_create_ruleset( + const struct landlock_ruleset_attr *const attr, + const size_t size, const __u32 flags) +{ + errno = 0; + return syscall(__NR_landlock_create_ruleset, attr, size, flags); +} +#endif + +#ifndef landlock_add_rule +static inline int landlock_add_rule(const int ruleset_fd, + const enum landlock_rule_type rule_type, + const void *const rule_attr, const __u32 flags) +{ + errno = 0; + return syscall(__NR_landlock_add_rule, ruleset_fd, rule_type, + rule_attr, flags); +} +#endif + +#ifndef landlock_enforce_ruleset_current +static inline int landlock_enforce_ruleset_current(const int ruleset_fd, + const __u32 flags) +{ + errno = 0; + return syscall(__NR_landlock_enforce_ruleset_current, ruleset_fd, + flags); +} +#endif + +static void disable_caps(struct __test_metadata *const _metadata) +{ + cap_t cap_p; + /* Only these three capabilities are useful for the tests. */ + const cap_value_t caps[] = { + CAP_MKNOD, + CAP_SYS_ADMIN, + CAP_SYS_CHROOT, + }; + + cap_p = cap_get_proc(); + ASSERT_NE(NULL, cap_p) { + TH_LOG("Failed to cap_get_proc: %s", strerror(errno)); + } + ASSERT_NE(-1, cap_clear(cap_p)) { + TH_LOG("Failed to cap_clear: %s", strerror(errno)); + } + ASSERT_NE(-1, cap_set_flag(cap_p, CAP_PERMITTED, ARRAY_SIZE(caps), + caps, CAP_SET)) { + TH_LOG("Failed to cap_set_flag: %s", strerror(errno)); + } + ASSERT_NE(-1, cap_set_proc(cap_p)) { + TH_LOG("Failed to cap_set_proc: %s", strerror(errno)); + } + ASSERT_NE(-1, cap_free(cap_p)) { + TH_LOG("Failed to cap_free: %s", strerror(errno)); + } +} + +static void effective_cap(struct __test_metadata *const _metadata, + const cap_value_t caps, const cap_flag_value_t value) +{ + cap_t cap_p; + + cap_p = cap_get_proc(); + ASSERT_NE(NULL, cap_p) { + TH_LOG("Failed to cap_get_proc: %s", strerror(errno)); + } + ASSERT_NE(-1, cap_set_flag(cap_p, CAP_EFFECTIVE, 1, &caps, value)) { + TH_LOG("Failed to cap_set_flag: %s", strerror(errno)); + } + ASSERT_NE(-1, cap_set_proc(cap_p)) { + TH_LOG("Failed to cap_set_proc: %s", strerror(errno)); + } + ASSERT_NE(-1, cap_free(cap_p)) { + TH_LOG("Failed to cap_free: %s", strerror(errno)); + } +} + +/* We cannot put such helpers in a library because of kselftest_harness.h . */ +__attribute__((__unused__)) +static void set_cap(struct __test_metadata *const _metadata, + const cap_value_t caps) +{ + effective_cap(_metadata, caps, CAP_SET); +} + +__attribute__((__unused__)) +static void clear_cap(struct __test_metadata *const _metadata, + const cap_value_t caps) +{ + effective_cap(_metadata, caps, CAP_CLEAR); +} diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/landlock/config b/tools/testing/selftests/landlock/config new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..042298105821 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/landlock/config @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +CONFIG_SECURITY_LANDLOCK=y +CONFIG_SECURITY_PATH=y +CONFIG_SECURITY=y +CONFIG_SHMEM=y +CONFIG_TMPFS=y diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/landlock/fs_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/landlock/fs_test.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..c2f65034e4ee --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/landlock/fs_test.c @@ -0,0 +1,1824 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 +/* + * Landlock tests - Filesystem + * + * Copyright © 2017-2020 Mickaël Salaün mic@digikod.net + * Copyright © 2020 ANSSI + */ + +#define _GNU_SOURCE +#include <fcntl.h> +#include <linux/landlock.h> +#include <sched.h> +#include <string.h> +#include <sys/capability.h> +#include <sys/mount.h> +#include <sys/prctl.h> +#include <sys/sendfile.h> +#include <sys/stat.h> +#include <sys/sysmacros.h> +#include <unistd.h> + +#include "common.h" + +#define TMP_DIR "tmp/" +#define FILE_1 "file1" +#define FILE_2 "file2" +#define BINARY_PATH "./true" + +/* Paths (sibling number and depth) */ +static const char dir_s1d1[] = TMP_DIR "s1d1"; +static const char file1_s1d1[] = TMP_DIR "s1d1/" FILE_1; +static const char file2_s1d1[] = TMP_DIR "s1d1/" FILE_2; +static const char dir_s1d2[] = TMP_DIR "s1d1/s1d2"; +static const char file1_s1d2[] = TMP_DIR "s1d1/s1d2/" FILE_1; +static const char file2_s1d2[] = TMP_DIR "s1d1/s1d2/" FILE_2; +static const char dir_s1d3[] = TMP_DIR "s1d1/s1d2/s1d3"; +static const char file1_s1d3[] = TMP_DIR "s1d1/s1d2/s1d3/" FILE_1; +static const char file2_s1d3[] = TMP_DIR "s1d1/s1d2/s1d3/" FILE_2; + +static const char dir_s2d1[] = TMP_DIR "s2d1"; +static const char file1_s2d1[] = TMP_DIR "s2d1/" FILE_1; +static const char dir_s2d2[] = TMP_DIR "s2d1/s2d2"; +static const char file1_s2d2[] = TMP_DIR "s2d1/s2d2/" FILE_1; +static const char dir_s2d3[] = TMP_DIR "s2d1/s2d2/s2d3"; +static const char file1_s2d3[] = TMP_DIR "s2d1/s2d2/s2d3/" FILE_1; +static const char file2_s2d3[] = TMP_DIR "s2d1/s2d2/s2d3/" FILE_2; + +static const char dir_s3d1[] = TMP_DIR "s3d1"; +/* dir_s3d2 is a mount point. */ +static const char dir_s3d2[] = TMP_DIR "s3d1/s3d2"; +static const char dir_s3d3[] = TMP_DIR "s3d1/s3d2/s3d3"; + +static void create_dir_and_file(struct __test_metadata *const _metadata, + const char *const dir_path) +{ + int file_fd; + char *const file1_path = alloca(strlen(dir_path) + sizeof(FILE_1) + 2); + char *const file2_path = alloca(strlen(dir_path) + sizeof(FILE_2) + 2); + + strcpy(file1_path, dir_path); + strcat(file1_path, "/"); + strcat(file1_path, FILE_1); + + strcpy(file2_path, dir_path); + strcat(file2_path, "/"); + strcat(file2_path, FILE_2); + + ASSERT_EQ(0, mkdir(dir_path, 0700)) { + TH_LOG("Failed to create directory "%s": %s", dir_path, + strerror(errno)); + } + file_fd = open(file1_path, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC, + 0700); + ASSERT_LE(0, file_fd); + ASSERT_EQ(0, close(file_fd)); + + file_fd = open(file2_path, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC, + 0700); + ASSERT_LE(0, file_fd); + ASSERT_EQ(0, close(file_fd)); +} + +static void delete_dir_and_file(const char *const dir_path) +{ + char *const file1_path = alloca(strlen(dir_path) + + sizeof(FILE_1) + 2); + char *const file2_path = alloca(strlen(dir_path) + + sizeof(FILE_2) + 2); + + strcpy(file1_path, dir_path); + strcat(file1_path, "/"); + strcat(file1_path, FILE_1); + + strcpy(file2_path, dir_path); + strcat(file2_path, "/"); + strcat(file2_path, FILE_2); + + unlink(file1_path); + unlink(file2_path); + /* file1_path may be a directory, cf. layout1/make_directory. */ + rmdir(file1_path); + rmdir(dir_path); +} + +static void cleanup_layout1(struct __test_metadata *const _metadata) +{ + delete_dir_and_file(dir_s1d3); + delete_dir_and_file(dir_s1d2); + delete_dir_and_file(dir_s1d1); + + delete_dir_and_file(dir_s2d3); + delete_dir_and_file(dir_s2d2); + delete_dir_and_file(dir_s2d1); + + delete_dir_and_file(dir_s3d3); + set_cap(_metadata, CAP_SYS_ADMIN); + umount(dir_s3d2); + clear_cap(_metadata, CAP_SYS_ADMIN); + delete_dir_and_file(dir_s3d2); + delete_dir_and_file(dir_s3d1); + + delete_dir_and_file(TMP_DIR); +} + +FIXTURE(layout1) { +}; + +FIXTURE_SETUP(layout1) +{ + disable_caps(_metadata); + cleanup_layout1(_metadata); + + /* Do not pollute the rest of the system. */ + set_cap(_metadata, CAP_SYS_ADMIN); + ASSERT_EQ(0, unshare(CLONE_NEWNS)); + clear_cap(_metadata, CAP_SYS_ADMIN); + umask(0077); + create_dir_and_file(_metadata, TMP_DIR); + + create_dir_and_file(_metadata, dir_s1d1); + create_dir_and_file(_metadata, dir_s1d2); + create_dir_and_file(_metadata, dir_s1d3); + + create_dir_and_file(_metadata, dir_s2d1); + create_dir_and_file(_metadata, dir_s2d2); + create_dir_and_file(_metadata, dir_s2d3); + + create_dir_and_file(_metadata, dir_s3d1); + create_dir_and_file(_metadata, dir_s3d2); + set_cap(_metadata, CAP_SYS_ADMIN); + ASSERT_EQ(0, mount("tmp", dir_s3d2, "tmpfs", 0, "size=4m,mode=700")); + clear_cap(_metadata, CAP_SYS_ADMIN); + create_dir_and_file(_metadata, dir_s3d3); +} + +FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(layout1) +{ + /* + * cleanup_layout1() would be denied here, use TEST(cleanup) instead. + */ +} + +static void test_path_rel(struct __test_metadata *const _metadata, + const int dirfd, const char *const path, const int ret_errno) +{ + int fd; + + /* Works with file and directories. */ + fd = openat(dirfd, path, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC); + if (ret_errno) { + ASSERT_EQ(-1, fd) { + TH_LOG("Successfully opened "%s": %s", path, + strerror(errno)); + } + ASSERT_EQ(ret_errno, errno) { + TH_LOG("Wrong error code to open "%s": %s", path, + strerror(errno)); + } + } else { + ASSERT_LE(0, fd) { + TH_LOG("Failed to open "%s": %s", path, + strerror(errno)); + } + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(fd)); + } +} + +static void test_path(struct __test_metadata *const _metadata, + const char *const path, const int ret_errno) +{ + return test_path_rel(_metadata, AT_FDCWD, path, ret_errno); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, no_restriction) +{ + test_path(_metadata, dir_s1d1, 0); + test_path(_metadata, file1_s1d1, 0); + test_path(_metadata, file2_s1d1, 0); + test_path(_metadata, dir_s1d2, 0); + test_path(_metadata, file1_s1d2, 0); + test_path(_metadata, file2_s1d2, 0); + test_path(_metadata, dir_s1d3, 0); + test_path(_metadata, file1_s1d3, 0); + + test_path(_metadata, dir_s2d1, 0); + test_path(_metadata, file1_s2d1, 0); + test_path(_metadata, dir_s2d2, 0); + test_path(_metadata, file1_s2d2, 0); + test_path(_metadata, dir_s2d3, 0); + test_path(_metadata, file1_s2d3, 0); + + test_path(_metadata, dir_s3d1, 0); + test_path(_metadata, dir_s3d2, 0); + test_path(_metadata, dir_s3d3, 0); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, inval) +{ + struct landlock_path_beneath_attr path_beneath = { + .allowed_access = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE | + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE, + .parent_fd = -1, + }; + struct landlock_ruleset_attr ruleset_attr = { + .handled_access_fs = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE | + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE, + }; + int ruleset_fd; + + path_beneath.parent_fd = open(dir_s1d2, O_PATH | O_DIRECTORY | + O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, path_beneath.parent_fd); + + ruleset_fd = open(dir_s1d1, O_PATH | O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, landlock_add_rule(ruleset_fd, LANDLOCK_RULE_PATH_BENEATH, + &path_beneath, 0)); + /* Returns EBADF because ruleset_fd contains O_PATH. */ + ASSERT_EQ(EBADF, errno); + ASSERT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); + + ruleset_fd = open(dir_s1d1, O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, landlock_add_rule(ruleset_fd, LANDLOCK_RULE_PATH_BENEATH, + &path_beneath, 0)); + /* Returns EBADFD because ruleset_fd is not a valid ruleset. */ + ASSERT_EQ(EBADFD, errno); + ASSERT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); + + /* Gets a real ruleset. */ + ruleset_fd = landlock_create_ruleset(&ruleset_attr, + sizeof(ruleset_attr), 0); + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + ASSERT_EQ(0, landlock_add_rule(ruleset_fd, LANDLOCK_RULE_PATH_BENEATH, + &path_beneath, 0)); + ASSERT_EQ(0, close(path_beneath.parent_fd)); + + /* Tests without O_PATH. */ + path_beneath.parent_fd = open(dir_s1d2, O_DIRECTORY | + O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, path_beneath.parent_fd); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, landlock_add_rule(ruleset_fd, LANDLOCK_RULE_PATH_BENEATH, + &path_beneath, 0)); + ASSERT_EQ(EBADFD, errno); + ASSERT_EQ(0, close(path_beneath.parent_fd)); + + /* Checks unhandled allowed_access. */ + path_beneath.parent_fd = open(dir_s1d2, O_PATH | O_DIRECTORY | + O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, path_beneath.parent_fd); + + /* Test with legitimate values. */ + path_beneath.allowed_access |= LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_EXECUTE; + ASSERT_EQ(-1, landlock_add_rule(ruleset_fd, LANDLOCK_RULE_PATH_BENEATH, + &path_beneath, 0)); + ASSERT_EQ(EINVAL, errno); + path_beneath.allowed_access &= ~LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_EXECUTE; + + /* Test with unknown (64-bits) value. */ + path_beneath.allowed_access |= (1ULL << 60); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, landlock_add_rule(ruleset_fd, LANDLOCK_RULE_PATH_BENEATH, + &path_beneath, 0)); + ASSERT_EQ(EINVAL, errno); + path_beneath.allowed_access &= ~(1ULL << 60); + + /* Test with no access. */ + path_beneath.allowed_access = 0; + ASSERT_EQ(0, landlock_add_rule(ruleset_fd, LANDLOCK_RULE_PATH_BENEATH, + &path_beneath, 0)); + path_beneath.allowed_access &= ~(1ULL << 60); + + ASSERT_EQ(0, close(path_beneath.parent_fd)); + + /* Enforces the ruleset. */ + ASSERT_EQ(0, prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 1, 0, 0, 0)); + ASSERT_EQ(0, landlock_enforce_ruleset_current(ruleset_fd, 0)); + + ASSERT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); +} + +#define ACCESS_FILE ( \ + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_EXECUTE | \ + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE | \ + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE) + +#define ACCESS_LAST LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_SYM + +#define ACCESS_ALL ( \ + ACCESS_FILE | \ + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_DIR | \ + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_REMOVE_DIR | \ + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_REMOVE_FILE | \ + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_CHAR | \ + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_DIR | \ + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_REG | \ + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_SOCK | \ + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_FIFO | \ + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_BLOCK | \ + ACCESS_LAST) + +TEST_F(layout1, file_access_rights) +{ + __u64 access; + int err; + struct landlock_path_beneath_attr path_beneath = {}; + struct landlock_ruleset_attr ruleset_attr = { + .handled_access_fs = ACCESS_ALL, + }; + const int ruleset_fd = landlock_create_ruleset(&ruleset_attr, + sizeof(ruleset_attr), 0); + + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + + /* Tests access rights for files. */ + path_beneath.parent_fd = open(file1_s1d2, O_PATH | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, path_beneath.parent_fd); + for (access = 1; access <= ACCESS_LAST; access <<= 1) { + path_beneath.allowed_access = access; + err = landlock_add_rule(ruleset_fd, LANDLOCK_RULE_PATH_BENEATH, + &path_beneath, 0); + if ((access | ACCESS_FILE) == ACCESS_FILE) { + ASSERT_EQ(0, err); + } else { + ASSERT_EQ(-1, err); + ASSERT_EQ(EINVAL, errno); + } + } + ASSERT_EQ(0, close(path_beneath.parent_fd)); +} + +static void add_path_beneath(struct __test_metadata *const _metadata, + const int ruleset_fd, const __u64 allowed_access, + const char *const path) +{ + struct landlock_path_beneath_attr path_beneath = { + .allowed_access = allowed_access, + }; + + path_beneath.parent_fd = open(path, O_PATH | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, path_beneath.parent_fd) { + TH_LOG("Failed to open directory "%s": %s", path, + strerror(errno)); + } + ASSERT_EQ(0, landlock_add_rule(ruleset_fd, LANDLOCK_RULE_PATH_BENEATH, + &path_beneath, 0)) { + TH_LOG("Failed to update the ruleset with "%s": %s", path, + strerror(errno)); + } + ASSERT_EQ(0, close(path_beneath.parent_fd)); +} + +struct rule { + const char *path; + __u64 access; +}; + +#define ACCESS_RO ( \ + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE | \ + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_DIR) + +#define ACCESS_RW ( \ + ACCESS_RO | \ + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE) + +static int create_ruleset(struct __test_metadata *const _metadata, + const __u64 handled_access_fs, const struct rule rules[]) +{ + int ruleset_fd, i; + struct landlock_ruleset_attr ruleset_attr = { + .handled_access_fs = handled_access_fs, + }; + + ASSERT_NE(NULL, rules) { + TH_LOG("No rule list"); + } + ASSERT_NE(NULL, rules[0].path) { + TH_LOG("Empty rule list"); + } + + ruleset_fd = landlock_create_ruleset(&ruleset_attr, + sizeof(ruleset_attr), 0); + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd) { + TH_LOG("Failed to create a ruleset: %s", strerror(errno)); + } + + for (i = 0; rules[i].path; i++) { + add_path_beneath(_metadata, ruleset_fd, rules[i].access, + rules[i].path); + } + return ruleset_fd; +} + +static void enforce_ruleset(struct __test_metadata *const _metadata, + const int ruleset_fd) +{ + ASSERT_EQ(0, prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 1, 0, 0, 0)); + ASSERT_EQ(0, landlock_enforce_ruleset_current(ruleset_fd, 0)) { + TH_LOG("Failed to enforce ruleset: %s", strerror(errno)); + } +} + +TEST_F(layout1, proc_nsfs) +{ + const struct rule rules[] = { + { + .path = "/dev/null", + .access = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE | + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE, + }, + {} + }; + struct landlock_path_beneath_attr path_beneath; + const int ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, rules[0].access | + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_DIR, rules); + + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + test_path(_metadata, "/proc/self/ns/mnt", 0); + + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + + test_path(_metadata, "/", EACCES); + test_path(_metadata, "/dev", EACCES); + test_path(_metadata, "/dev/null", 0); + test_path(_metadata, "/dev/full", EACCES); + + test_path(_metadata, "/proc", EACCES); + test_path(_metadata, "/proc/self", EACCES); + test_path(_metadata, "/proc/self/ns", EACCES); + /* + * Because nsfs is an internal filesystem, /proc/self/ns/mnt is a + * disconnected path. Such path cannot be identified and must then be + * allowed. + */ + test_path(_metadata, "/proc/self/ns/mnt", 0); + + /* + * Checks that it is not possible to add nsfs-like filesystem + * references to a ruleset. + */ + path_beneath.allowed_access = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE | + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE, + path_beneath.parent_fd = open("/proc/self/ns/mnt", O_PATH | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, path_beneath.parent_fd); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, landlock_add_rule(ruleset_fd, LANDLOCK_RULE_PATH_BENEATH, + &path_beneath, 0)); + ASSERT_EQ(EBADFD, errno); + ASSERT_EQ(0, close(path_beneath.parent_fd)); +} + +static void drop_privileges(struct __test_metadata *const _metadata) +{ + cap_t caps; + const cap_value_t cap_val = CAP_SYS_ADMIN; + + caps = cap_get_proc(); + ASSERT_NE(NULL, caps); + ASSERT_EQ(0, cap_set_flag(caps, CAP_EFFECTIVE, 1, &cap_val, + CAP_CLEAR)); + ASSERT_EQ(0, cap_set_proc(caps)); + ASSERT_EQ(0, cap_free(caps)); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, unpriv) { + const struct rule rules[] = { + { + .path = dir_s1d2, + .access = ACCESS_RO, + }, + {} + }; + int ruleset_fd; + + drop_privileges(_metadata); + ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, ACCESS_RO, rules); + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, landlock_enforce_ruleset_current(ruleset_fd, 0)); + ASSERT_EQ(EPERM, errno); + + /* enforce_ruleset() calls prctl(no_new_privs). */ + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, whitelist) +{ + const struct rule rules[] = { + { + .path = dir_s1d2, + .access = ACCESS_RO, + }, + { + .path = file1_s2d2, + .access = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE | + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE, + }, + {} + }; + const int ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, ACCESS_RW, rules); + char buf; + int reg_fd; + + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); + + /* Tests on a directory. */ + test_path(_metadata, "/", EACCES); + test_path(_metadata, dir_s1d1, EACCES); + test_path(_metadata, file1_s1d1, EACCES); + test_path(_metadata, dir_s1d2, 0); + test_path(_metadata, file1_s1d2, 0); + test_path(_metadata, dir_s1d3, 0); + test_path(_metadata, file1_s1d3, 0); + + /* Tests on a file. */ + test_path(_metadata, dir_s2d2, EACCES); + test_path(_metadata, file1_s2d2, 0); + + /* Checks effective read and write actions. */ + reg_fd = open(file1_s2d2, O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, reg_fd); + ASSERT_EQ(1, write(reg_fd, ".", 1)); + ASSERT_LE(0, lseek(reg_fd, 0, SEEK_SET)); + ASSERT_EQ(1, read(reg_fd, &buf, 1)); + ASSERT_EQ('.', buf); + ASSERT_EQ(0, close(reg_fd)); + + /* Just in case, double-checks effective actions. */ + reg_fd = open(file1_s2d2, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, reg_fd); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, write(reg_fd, &buf, 1)); + ASSERT_EQ(EBADF, errno); + ASSERT_EQ(0, close(reg_fd)); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, unhandled_access) +{ + const struct rule rules[] = { + { + .path = dir_s1d2, + .access = ACCESS_RO, + }, + {} + }; + /* Here, we only handle read accesses, not write accesses. */ + const int ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, ACCESS_RO, rules); + int file_fd; + + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); + + /* + * Because the policy does not handle LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE, + * opening for write-only should be allowed, but not read-write. + */ + file_fd = open(file1_s1d1, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, file_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(file_fd)); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(file1_s1d1, O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + + file_fd = open(file1_s1d2, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, file_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(file_fd)); + file_fd = open(file1_s1d2, O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, file_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(file_fd)); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, ruleset_overlap) +{ + const struct rule rules[] = { + /* These rules should be ANDed among them. */ + { + .path = dir_s1d2, + .access = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE | + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE, + }, + { + .path = dir_s1d2, + .access = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE | + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_DIR, + }, + {} + }; + int open_fd; + const int ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, ACCESS_RW, rules); + + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); + + /* Checks s1d1 hierarchy. */ + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(file1_s1d1, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(file1_s1d1, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(file1_s1d1, O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(dir_s1d1, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + + /* Checks s1d2 hierarchy. */ + open_fd = open(file1_s1d2, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, open_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(open_fd)); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(file1_s1d2, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(file1_s1d2, O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(dir_s1d2, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + + /* Checks s1d3 hierarchy. */ + open_fd = open(file1_s1d3, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, open_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(open_fd)); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(file1_s1d3, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(file1_s1d3, O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(dir_s1d3, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, interleaved_masked_accesses) +{ + /* + * Checks overly restrictive rules: + * layer 1: allows s1d1/s1d2/s1d3/file1 + * layer 2: allows s1d1/s1d2/s1d3 + * denies s1d1/s1d2 + * layer 3: allows s1d1 + * layer 4: allows s1d1/s1d2 + */ + const struct rule layer1[] = { + /* Allows access to file1_s1d3 with the first layer. */ + { + .path = file1_s1d3, + .access = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE, + }, + {} + }; + const struct rule layer2[] = { + /* Start by granting access to file1_s1d3 with this rule... */ + { + .path = dir_s1d3, + .access = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE, + }, + /* ...but finally denies access to file1_s1d3. */ + { + .path = dir_s1d2, + .access = 0, + }, + {} + }; + const struct rule layer3[] = { + /* Try to allows access to file1_s1d3. */ + { + .path = dir_s1d1, + .access = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE, + }, + {} + }; + const struct rule layer4[] = { + /* Try to bypass layer2. */ + { + .path = dir_s1d2, + .access = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE, + }, + {} + }; + int open_fd, ruleset_fd; + + ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, ACCESS_RO, layer1); + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); + + /* Checks that access is granted for file1_s1d3. */ + open_fd = open(file1_s1d3, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, open_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(open_fd)); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(file2_s1d3, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + + ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, ACCESS_RO, layer2); + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); + + /* Now, checks that access is denied for file1_s1d3. */ + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(file1_s1d3, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(file2_s1d3, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + + ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, ACCESS_RO, layer3); + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); + + /* Checks that access rights are unchanged with layer 3. */ + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(file1_s1d3, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(file2_s1d3, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + + ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, ACCESS_RO, layer4); + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); + + /* Checks that access rights are unchanged with layer 4. */ + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(file1_s1d3, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(file2_s1d3, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, inherit_subset) +{ + const struct rule rules[] = { + { + .path = dir_s1d2, + .access = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE | + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_DIR, + }, + {} + }; + int open_fd; + const int ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, ACCESS_RW, rules); + + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(file1_s1d1, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(dir_s1d1, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + + /* Write access is forbidden. */ + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(file1_s1d2, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + /* Readdir access is allowed. */ + open_fd = open(dir_s1d2, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, open_fd); + ASSERT_EQ(0, close(open_fd)); + + /* Write access is forbidden. */ + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(file1_s1d3, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + /* Readdir access is allowed. */ + open_fd = open(dir_s1d3, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, open_fd); + ASSERT_EQ(0, close(open_fd)); + + /* + * Tests shared rule extension: the following rules should not grant + * any new access, only remove some. Once enforced, these rules are + * ANDed with the previous ones. + */ + add_path_beneath(_metadata, ruleset_fd, rules[0].access | + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE, dir_s1d2); + /* + * According to ruleset_fd, dir_s1d2 should now have the + * LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE and LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE + * access rights (even if this directory is opened a second time). + * However, when enforcing this updated ruleset, the ruleset tied to + * the current process (i.e. its domain) will still only have the + * dir_s1d2 with LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE and + * LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_DIR accesses, but + * LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE must not be allowed because it would + * be a privilege escalation. + */ + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + + /* Same tests and results as above. */ + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(file1_s1d1, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(dir_s1d1, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + + /* It is still forbidden to write in file1_s1d2. */ + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(file1_s1d2, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + /* Readdir access is still allowed. */ + open_fd = open(dir_s1d2, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, open_fd); + ASSERT_EQ(0, close(open_fd)); + + /* It is still forbidden to write in file1_s1d3. */ + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(file1_s1d3, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + /* Readdir access is still allowed. */ + open_fd = open(dir_s1d3, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, open_fd); + ASSERT_EQ(0, close(open_fd)); + + /* + * Try to get more privileges by adding new access rights to the parent + * directory: dir_s1d1. + */ + add_path_beneath(_metadata, ruleset_fd, ACCESS_RW, dir_s1d1); + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + + /* Same tests and results as above. */ + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(file1_s1d1, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(dir_s1d1, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + + /* It is still forbidden to write in file1_s1d2. */ + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(file1_s1d2, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + /* Readdir access is still allowed. */ + open_fd = open(dir_s1d2, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, open_fd); + ASSERT_EQ(0, close(open_fd)); + + /* It is still forbidden to write in file1_s1d3. */ + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(file1_s1d3, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + /* Readdir access is still allowed. */ + open_fd = open(dir_s1d3, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, open_fd); + ASSERT_EQ(0, close(open_fd)); + + /* + * Now, dir_s1d3 get a new rule tied to it, only allowing + * LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE. The (kernel internal) difference is + * that there was no rule tied to it before. + */ + add_path_beneath(_metadata, ruleset_fd, LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE, + dir_s1d3); + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); + + /* + * Same tests and results as above, except for open(dir_s1d3) which is + * now denied because the new rule mask the rule previously inherited + * from dir_s1d2. + */ + + /* Same tests and results as above. */ + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(file1_s1d1, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(dir_s1d1, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + + /* It is still forbidden to write in file1_s1d2. */ + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(file1_s1d2, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC)); + /* Readdir access is still allowed. */ + open_fd = open(dir_s1d2, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, open_fd); + ASSERT_EQ(0, close(open_fd)); + + /* It is still forbidden to write in file1_s1d3. */ + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(file1_s1d3, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC)); + open_fd = open(dir_s1d3, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC); + /* Readdir of dir_s1d3 is now forbidden too. */ + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open_fd); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, inherit_superset) +{ + const struct rule rules[] = { + { + .path = dir_s1d3, + .access = ACCESS_RO, + }, + {} + }; + int open_fd; + const int ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, ACCESS_RW, rules); + + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + + /* Readdir access is denied for dir_s1d2. */ + open_fd = open(dir_s1d2, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open_fd); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + /* Readdir access is allowed for dir_s1d3. */ + open_fd = open(dir_s1d3, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, open_fd); + ASSERT_EQ(0, close(open_fd)); + /* File access is allowed for file1_s1d3. */ + open_fd = open(file1_s1d3, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, open_fd); + ASSERT_EQ(0, close(open_fd)); + + /* Now dir_s1d2, parent of dir_s1d3, gets a new rule tied to it. */ + add_path_beneath(_metadata, ruleset_fd, LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE | + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_DIR, dir_s1d2); + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); + + /* Readdir access is still denied for dir_s1d2. */ + open_fd = open(dir_s1d2, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open_fd); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + /* Readdir access is still allowed for dir_s1d3. */ + open_fd = open(dir_s1d3, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, open_fd); + ASSERT_EQ(0, close(open_fd)); + /* File access is now denied for file1_s1d3. */ + open_fd = open(file1_s1d3, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(-1, open_fd); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, max_layers) +{ + int i, err; + const struct rule rules[] = { + { + .path = dir_s1d2, + .access = ACCESS_RO, + }, + {} + }; + const int ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, ACCESS_RW, rules); + + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + for (i = 0; i < 64; i++) + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + + for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) { + err = landlock_enforce_ruleset_current(ruleset_fd, 0); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, err); + ASSERT_EQ(E2BIG, errno); + } + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, empty_or_same_ruleset) +{ + struct landlock_ruleset_attr ruleset_attr = {}; + int ruleset_fd; + + /* Tests empty handled_access_fs. */ + ruleset_fd = landlock_create_ruleset(&ruleset_attr, + sizeof(ruleset_attr), 0); + ASSERT_LE(-1, ruleset_fd); + ASSERT_EQ(ENOMSG, errno); + + /* Enforces policy which deny read access to all files. */ + ruleset_attr.handled_access_fs = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE; + ruleset_fd = landlock_create_ruleset(&ruleset_attr, + sizeof(ruleset_attr), 0); + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + test_path(_metadata, file1_s1d1, EACCES); + test_path(_metadata, dir_s1d1, 0); + + /* Nests a policy which deny read access to all directories. */ + ruleset_attr.handled_access_fs = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_DIR; + ruleset_fd = landlock_create_ruleset(&ruleset_attr, + sizeof(ruleset_attr), 0); + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + test_path(_metadata, file1_s1d1, EACCES); + test_path(_metadata, dir_s1d1, EACCES); + + /* Enforces a second time with the same ruleset. */ + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, rule_on_mountpoint) +{ + const struct rule rules[] = { + { + .path = dir_s1d1, + .access = ACCESS_RO, + }, + { + /* dir_s3d2 is a mount point. */ + .path = dir_s3d2, + .access = ACCESS_RO, + }, + {} + }; + const int ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, ACCESS_RW, rules); + + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); + + test_path(_metadata, dir_s1d1, 0); + + test_path(_metadata, dir_s2d1, EACCES); + + test_path(_metadata, dir_s3d1, EACCES); + test_path(_metadata, dir_s3d2, 0); + test_path(_metadata, dir_s3d3, 0); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, rule_over_mountpoint) +{ + const struct rule rules[] = { + { + .path = dir_s1d1, + .access = ACCESS_RO, + }, + { + /* dir_s3d2 is a mount point. */ + .path = dir_s3d1, + .access = ACCESS_RO, + }, + {} + }; + const int ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, ACCESS_RW, rules); + + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); + + test_path(_metadata, dir_s1d1, 0); + + test_path(_metadata, dir_s2d1, EACCES); + + test_path(_metadata, dir_s3d1, 0); + test_path(_metadata, dir_s3d2, 0); + test_path(_metadata, dir_s3d3, 0); +} + +/* + * This test verifies that we can apply a landlock rule on the root directory + * (which might require special handling). + */ +TEST_F(layout1, rule_over_root_allow_then_deny) +{ + struct rule rules[] = { + { + .path = "/", + .access = ACCESS_RO, + }, + {} + }; + int ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, ACCESS_RW, rules); + + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); + + /* Checks allowed access. */ + test_path(_metadata, "/", 0); + test_path(_metadata, dir_s1d1, 0); + + rules[0].access = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE; + ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, ACCESS_RW, rules); + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); + + /* Checks denied access (on a directory). */ + test_path(_metadata, "/", EACCES); + test_path(_metadata, dir_s1d1, EACCES); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, rule_over_root_deny) +{ + const struct rule rules[] = { + { + .path = "/", + .access = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE, + }, + {} + }; + const int ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, ACCESS_RW, rules); + + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); + + /* Checks denied access (on a directory). */ + test_path(_metadata, "/", EACCES); + test_path(_metadata, dir_s1d1, EACCES); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, rule_inside_mount_ns) +{ + const struct rule rules[] = { + { + .path = "s3d3", + .access = ACCESS_RO, + }, + {} + }; + int ruleset_fd; + + set_cap(_metadata, CAP_SYS_ADMIN); + ASSERT_EQ(0, mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_PRIVATE | MS_REC, NULL)); + ASSERT_EQ(0, syscall(SYS_pivot_root, dir_s3d2, dir_s3d3)) { + TH_LOG("Failed to pivot_root into "%s": %s", dir_s3d2, + strerror(errno)); + }; + ASSERT_EQ(0, chdir("/")); + clear_cap(_metadata, CAP_SYS_ADMIN); + + ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, ACCESS_RW, rules); + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); + + test_path(_metadata, "s3d3", 0); + test_path(_metadata, "/", EACCES); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, mount_and_pivot) +{ + const struct rule rules[] = { + { + .path = dir_s3d2, + .access = ACCESS_RO, + }, + {} + }; + const int ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, ACCESS_RW, rules); + + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + set_cap(_metadata, CAP_SYS_ADMIN); + ASSERT_EQ(0, mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_PRIVATE | MS_REC, NULL)); + + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); + + ASSERT_EQ(-1, mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_PRIVATE | MS_REC, NULL)); + ASSERT_EQ(EPERM, errno); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, syscall(SYS_pivot_root, dir_s3d2, dir_s3d3)); + ASSERT_EQ(EPERM, errno); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, move_mount) +{ + const struct rule rules[] = { + { + .path = dir_s3d2, + .access = ACCESS_RO, + }, + {} + }; + const int ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, ACCESS_RW, rules); + + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + + set_cap(_metadata, CAP_SYS_ADMIN); + ASSERT_EQ(0, mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_PRIVATE | MS_REC, NULL)); + ASSERT_EQ(0, syscall(SYS_move_mount, AT_FDCWD, dir_s3d2, AT_FDCWD, + dir_s1d2, 0)) { + TH_LOG("Failed to move_mount: %s", strerror(errno)); + } + ASSERT_EQ(0, syscall(SYS_move_mount, AT_FDCWD, dir_s1d2, AT_FDCWD, + dir_s3d2, 0)); + + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); + + ASSERT_EQ(-1, syscall(SYS_move_mount, AT_FDCWD, dir_s3d2, AT_FDCWD, + dir_s1d2, 0)); + ASSERT_EQ(EPERM, errno); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, release_inodes) +{ + const struct rule rules[] = { + { + .path = dir_s1d1, + .access = ACCESS_RO, + }, + { + .path = dir_s3d2, + .access = ACCESS_RO, + }, + { + .path = dir_s3d3, + .access = ACCESS_RO, + }, + {} + }; + const int ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, ACCESS_RW, rules); + int test_fd; + + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + /* Unmount a file hierarchy while it is being used by a ruleset. */ + set_cap(_metadata, CAP_SYS_ADMIN); + ASSERT_EQ(0, umount(dir_s3d2)); + clear_cap(_metadata, CAP_SYS_ADMIN); + + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); + + test_fd = open(file1_s1d1, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, test_fd); + /* This dir_s3d2 is not allowed, only the tmpfs on it was. */ + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(dir_s3d2, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + /* This dir_s3d3 would not be allowed and does not exist anyway. */ + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(dir_s3d3, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(ENOENT, errno); +} + +enum relative_access { + REL_OPEN, + REL_CHDIR, + REL_CHROOT_ONLY, + REL_CHROOT_CHDIR, +}; + +static void test_relative_path(struct __test_metadata *const _metadata, + const enum relative_access rel) +{ + const struct rule rules[] = { + { + .path = dir_s1d2, + .access = ACCESS_RO, + }, + { + .path = dir_s2d2, + .access = ACCESS_RO, + }, + {} + }; + int dirfd; + const int ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, ACCESS_RW, rules); + + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + switch (rel) { + case REL_OPEN: + case REL_CHDIR: + break; + case REL_CHROOT_ONLY: + ASSERT_EQ(0, chdir(dir_s2d2)); + break; + case REL_CHROOT_CHDIR: + ASSERT_EQ(0, chdir(dir_s1d2)); + break; + default: + ASSERT_TRUE(false); + return; + } + + set_cap(_metadata, CAP_SYS_CHROOT); + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + + switch (rel) { + case REL_OPEN: + dirfd = open(dir_s1d2, O_DIRECTORY); + ASSERT_LE(0, dirfd); + break; + case REL_CHDIR: + ASSERT_EQ(0, chdir(dir_s1d2)); + dirfd = AT_FDCWD; + break; + case REL_CHROOT_ONLY: + /* Do chroot into dir_s1d2 (relative to dir_s2d2). */ + ASSERT_EQ(0, chroot("../../s1d1/s1d2")) { + TH_LOG("Failed to chroot: %s", strerror(errno)); + } + dirfd = AT_FDCWD; + break; + case REL_CHROOT_CHDIR: + /* Do chroot into dir_s1d2. */ + ASSERT_EQ(0, chroot(".")) { + TH_LOG("Failed to chroot: %s", strerror(errno)); + } + dirfd = AT_FDCWD; + break; + } + + test_path_rel(_metadata, dirfd, "..", + (rel == REL_CHROOT_CHDIR) ? 0 : EACCES); + test_path_rel(_metadata, dirfd, ".", 0); + + if (rel == REL_CHROOT_ONLY) + /* The current directory is dir_s2d2. */ + test_path_rel(_metadata, dirfd, "./s2d3", 0); + else + /* The current directory is dir_s1d2. */ + test_path_rel(_metadata, dirfd, "./s1d3", 0); + + if (rel != REL_CHROOT_CHDIR) { + test_path_rel(_metadata, dirfd, "../../s1d1", EACCES); + test_path_rel(_metadata, dirfd, "../../s1d1/s1d2", 0); + test_path_rel(_metadata, dirfd, "../../s1d1/s1d2/s1d3", 0); + + test_path_rel(_metadata, dirfd, "../../s2d1", EACCES); + test_path_rel(_metadata, dirfd, "../../s2d1/s2d2", 0); + test_path_rel(_metadata, dirfd, "../../s2d1/s2d2/s2d3", 0); + } + + if (rel == REL_OPEN) + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(dirfd)); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, relative_open) +{ + test_relative_path(_metadata, REL_OPEN); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, relative_chdir) +{ + test_relative_path(_metadata, REL_CHDIR); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, relative_chroot_only) +{ + test_relative_path(_metadata, REL_CHROOT_ONLY); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, relative_chroot_chdir) +{ + test_relative_path(_metadata, REL_CHROOT_CHDIR); +} + +static void copy_binary(struct __test_metadata *const _metadata, + const char *const dst_path) +{ + int dst_fd, src_fd; + struct stat statbuf; + + dst_fd = open(dst_path, O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, dst_fd) { + TH_LOG("Failed to open "%s": %s", dst_path, + strerror(errno)); + } + src_fd = open(BINARY_PATH, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, src_fd) { + TH_LOG("Failed to open "" BINARY_PATH "": %s", + strerror(errno)); + } + ASSERT_EQ(0, fstat(src_fd, &statbuf)); + ASSERT_EQ(statbuf.st_size, sendfile(dst_fd, src_fd, 0, + statbuf.st_size)); + ASSERT_EQ(0, close(src_fd)); + ASSERT_EQ(0, close(dst_fd)); +} + +static void test_execute(struct __test_metadata *const _metadata, + const char *const path, const int ret) +{ + int status; + char *const argv[] = {(char *)path, NULL}; + const pid_t child = fork(); + + ASSERT_LE(0, child); + if (child == 0) { + ASSERT_EQ(ret, execve(path, argv, NULL)) { + TH_LOG("Failed to execute "%s": %s", path, + strerror(errno)); + }; + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + _exit(_metadata->passed ? 2 : 1); + return; + } + ASSERT_EQ(child, waitpid(child, &status, 0)); + ASSERT_EQ(1, WIFEXITED(status)); + ASSERT_EQ(ret ? 2 : 0, WEXITSTATUS(status)) { + TH_LOG("Unexpected return code for "%s": %s", path, + strerror(errno)); + }; +} + +TEST_F(layout1, execute) +{ + const struct rule rules[] = { + { + .path = dir_s1d2, + .access = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_EXECUTE, + }, + {} + }; + const int ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, rules[0].access, + rules); + + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + copy_binary(_metadata, file1_s1d1); + copy_binary(_metadata, file1_s1d2); + copy_binary(_metadata, file1_s1d3); + + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); + + test_execute(_metadata, file1_s1d1, -1); + test_execute(_metadata, file1_s1d2, 0); + test_execute(_metadata, file1_s1d3, 0); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, link) +{ + const struct rule rules[] = { + { + .path = dir_s1d2, + .access = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_REG, + }, + {} + }; + const int ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, rules[0].access, + rules); + + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + + ASSERT_EQ(0, unlink(file1_s1d1)); + ASSERT_EQ(0, unlink(file1_s1d2)); + ASSERT_EQ(0, unlink(file1_s1d3)); + + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); + + ASSERT_EQ(-1, link(file2_s1d1, file1_s1d1)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + /* Denies linking because of reparenting. */ + ASSERT_EQ(-1, link(file1_s2d1, file1_s1d2)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, link(file2_s1d2, file1_s1d3)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + + ASSERT_EQ(0, link(file2_s1d2, file1_s1d2)) { + TH_LOG("Failed to link file to "%s": %s", file2_s1d2, + strerror(errno)); + }; + ASSERT_EQ(0, link(file2_s1d3, file1_s1d3)); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, rename_file) +{ + const struct rule rules[] = { + { + .path = dir_s1d3, + .access = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_REMOVE_FILE, + }, + { + .path = dir_s2d2, + .access = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_REMOVE_FILE, + }, + {} + }; + const int ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, rules[0].access, + rules); + + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + + ASSERT_EQ(0, unlink(file1_s1d1)); + ASSERT_EQ(0, unlink(file1_s1d2)); + + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); + + /* Replaces file. */ + ASSERT_EQ(-1, rename(file1_s2d3, file1_s1d3)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, rename(file1_s2d1, file1_s1d3)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + /* Same parent. */ + ASSERT_EQ(0, rename(file2_s2d3, file1_s2d3)) { + TH_LOG("Failed to rename file "%s": %s", file2_s2d3, + strerror(errno)); + }; + + /* Renames files. */ + ASSERT_EQ(-1, rename(file1_s2d2, file1_s1d2)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + ASSERT_EQ(0, unlink(file1_s1d3)); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, rename(file1_s2d1, file1_s1d3)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + /* Same parent. */ + ASSERT_EQ(0, rename(file2_s1d3, file1_s1d3)); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, rename_dir) +{ + const struct rule rules[] = { + { + .path = dir_s1d2, + .access = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_REMOVE_DIR, + }, + { + .path = dir_s2d1, + .access = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_REMOVE_DIR, + }, + {} + }; + const int ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, rules[0].access, + rules); + + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + + /* Empties dir_s1d3. */ + ASSERT_EQ(0, unlink(file1_s1d3)); + ASSERT_EQ(0, unlink(file2_s1d3)); + + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); + + /* Renames directory. */ + ASSERT_EQ(-1, rename(dir_s2d3, dir_s1d3)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + ASSERT_EQ(0, unlink(file1_s1d2)); + ASSERT_EQ(0, rename(dir_s1d3, file1_s1d2)) { + TH_LOG("Failed to rename directory "%s": %s", dir_s1d3, + strerror(errno)); + }; + ASSERT_EQ(0, rmdir(file1_s1d2)); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, rmdir) +{ + const struct rule rules[] = { + { + .path = dir_s1d2, + .access = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_REMOVE_DIR, + }, + {} + }; + const int ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, rules[0].access, + rules); + + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + + ASSERT_EQ(0, unlink(file1_s1d1)); + ASSERT_EQ(0, unlink(file1_s1d2)); + ASSERT_EQ(0, unlink(file1_s1d3)); + ASSERT_EQ(0, unlink(file2_s1d3)); + + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); + + ASSERT_EQ(0, rmdir(dir_s1d3)); + /* dir_s1d2 itself cannot be removed. */ + ASSERT_EQ(-1, rmdir(dir_s1d2)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, rmdir(dir_s1d1)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, unlink) +{ + const struct rule rules[] = { + { + .path = dir_s1d2, + .access = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_REMOVE_FILE, + }, + {} + }; + const int ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, rules[0].access, + rules); + + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); + + ASSERT_EQ(-1, unlink(file1_s1d1)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + ASSERT_EQ(0, unlink(file1_s1d2)) { + TH_LOG("Failed to unlink file "%s": %s", file1_s1d2, + strerror(errno)); + }; + ASSERT_EQ(0, unlink(file1_s1d3)); +} + +static void test_make_file(struct __test_metadata *const _metadata, + const __u64 access, const mode_t mode, const dev_t dev) +{ + const struct rule rules[] = { + { + .path = dir_s1d2, + .access = access, + }, + {} + }; + const int ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, access, rules); + + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + + unlink(file1_s1d1); + unlink(file1_s1d2); + unlink(file1_s1d3); + + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); + + ASSERT_EQ(-1, mknod(file1_s1d1, mode | 0400, dev)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + ASSERT_EQ(0, mknod(file1_s1d2, mode | 0400, dev)) { + TH_LOG("Failed to make file "%s": %s", + file1_s1d2, strerror(errno)); + }; + ASSERT_EQ(0, mknod(file1_s1d3, mode | 0400, dev)); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, make_char) +{ + /* Creates a /dev/null device. */ + set_cap(_metadata, CAP_MKNOD); + test_make_file(_metadata, LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_CHAR, S_IFCHR, + makedev(1, 3)); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, make_block) +{ + /* Creates a /dev/loop0 device. */ + set_cap(_metadata, CAP_MKNOD); + test_make_file(_metadata, LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_BLOCK, S_IFBLK, + makedev(7, 0)); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, make_reg) +{ + test_make_file(_metadata, LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_REG, S_IFREG, 0); + test_make_file(_metadata, LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_REG, 0, 0); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, make_sock) +{ + test_make_file(_metadata, LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_SOCK, S_IFSOCK, 0); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, make_fifo) +{ + test_make_file(_metadata, LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_FIFO, S_IFIFO, 0); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, make_sym) +{ + const struct rule rules[] = { + { + .path = dir_s1d2, + .access = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_SYM, + }, + {} + }; + const int ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, rules[0].access, + rules); + + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + + ASSERT_EQ(0, unlink(file1_s1d1)); + ASSERT_EQ(0, unlink(file1_s1d2)); + ASSERT_EQ(0, unlink(file1_s1d3)); + + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); + + ASSERT_EQ(-1, symlink("none", file1_s1d1)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + ASSERT_EQ(0, symlink("none", file1_s1d2)) { + TH_LOG("Failed to make symlink "%s": %s", + file1_s1d2, strerror(errno)); + }; + ASSERT_EQ(0, symlink("none", file1_s1d3)); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, make_dir) +{ + const struct rule rules[] = { + { + .path = dir_s1d2, + .access = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_DIR, + }, + {} + }; + const int ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, rules[0].access, + rules); + + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + + ASSERT_EQ(0, unlink(file1_s1d1)); + ASSERT_EQ(0, unlink(file1_s1d2)); + ASSERT_EQ(0, unlink(file1_s1d3)); + + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); + + /* Uses file_* as directory names. */ + ASSERT_EQ(-1, mkdir(file1_s1d1, 0700)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + ASSERT_EQ(0, mkdir(file1_s1d2, 0700)) { + TH_LOG("Failed to make directory "%s": %s", + file1_s1d2, strerror(errno)); + }; + ASSERT_EQ(0, mkdir(file1_s1d3, 0700)); +} + +static int open_proc_fd(struct __test_metadata *const _metadata, const int fd, + const int open_flags) +{ + static const char path_template[] = "/proc/self/fd/%d"; + char procfd_path[sizeof(path_template) + 10]; + const int procfd_path_size = snprintf(procfd_path, sizeof(procfd_path), + path_template, fd); + + ASSERT_LT(procfd_path_size, sizeof(procfd_path)); + return open(procfd_path, open_flags); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, proc_unlinked_file) +{ + const struct rule rules[] = { + { + .path = file1_s1d2, + .access = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE, + }, + {} + }; + int reg_fd, proc_fd; + const int ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE | + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE, rules); + + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); + + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(file1_s1d2, O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + reg_fd = open(file1_s1d2, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, reg_fd); + test_path(_metadata, file1_s1d2, 0); + ASSERT_EQ(0, unlink(file1_s1d2)); + + proc_fd = open_proc_fd(_metadata, reg_fd, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, proc_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(proc_fd)); + + proc_fd = open_proc_fd(_metadata, reg_fd, O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, proc_fd) { + TH_LOG("Successfully opened /proc/self/fd/%d: %s", + reg_fd, strerror(errno)); + } + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(reg_fd)); +} + +TEST_F(layout1, proc_pipe) +{ + int reg_fd, proc_fd; + int pipe_fds[2]; + char buf = '\0'; + const struct rule rules[] = { + { + .path = dir_s1d2, + .access = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE | + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE, + }, + {} + }; + /* Limits read and write access to files tied to the filesystem. */ + const int ruleset_fd = create_ruleset(_metadata, rules[0].access, + rules); + + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd); + enforce_ruleset(_metadata, ruleset_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); + + /* Checks enforcement for normal files. */ + reg_fd = open(file1_s1d2, O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, reg_fd); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(reg_fd)); + ASSERT_EQ(-1, open(file1_s1d1, O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC)); + ASSERT_EQ(EACCES, errno); + + /* Checks access to pipes through FD. */ + ASSERT_EQ(0, pipe(pipe_fds)); + ASSERT_EQ(1, write(pipe_fds[1], ".", 1)) { + TH_LOG("Failed to write in pipe: %s", strerror(errno)); + } + ASSERT_EQ(1, read(pipe_fds[0], &buf, 1)); + ASSERT_EQ('.', buf); + + /* Checks write access to pipe through /proc/self/fd . */ + proc_fd = open_proc_fd(_metadata, pipe_fds[1], O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, proc_fd); + ASSERT_EQ(1, write(proc_fd, ".", 1)) { + TH_LOG("Failed to write through /proc/self/fd/%d: %s", + pipe_fds[1], strerror(errno)); + } + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(proc_fd)); + + /* Checks read access to pipe through /proc/self/fd . */ + proc_fd = open_proc_fd(_metadata, pipe_fds[0], O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, proc_fd); + buf = '\0'; + ASSERT_EQ(1, read(proc_fd, &buf, 1)) { + TH_LOG("Failed to read through /proc/self/fd/%d: %s", + pipe_fds[1], strerror(errno)); + } + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(proc_fd)); + + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(pipe_fds[0])); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(pipe_fds[1])); +} + +TEST(cleanup) +{ + cleanup_layout1(_metadata); +} + +TEST_HARNESS_MAIN diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/landlock/ptrace_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/landlock/ptrace_test.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..f1451b305181 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/landlock/ptrace_test.c @@ -0,0 +1,307 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 +/* + * Landlock tests - Ptrace + * + * Copyright © 2017-2020 Mickaël Salaün mic@digikod.net + * Copyright © 2019-2020 ANSSI + */ + +#define _GNU_SOURCE +#include <errno.h> +#include <fcntl.h> +#include <linux/landlock.h> +#include <signal.h> +#include <sys/prctl.h> +#include <sys/ptrace.h> +#include <sys/types.h> +#include <sys/wait.h> +#include <unistd.h> + +#include "common.h" + +static void create_domain(struct __test_metadata *const _metadata) +{ + int ruleset_fd; + struct landlock_ruleset_attr ruleset_attr = { + .handled_access_fs = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE, + }; + struct landlock_path_beneath_attr path_beneath_attr = { + .allowed_access = LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE, + }; + + ruleset_fd = landlock_create_ruleset(&ruleset_attr, + sizeof(ruleset_attr), 0); + ASSERT_LE(0, ruleset_fd) { + TH_LOG("Failed to create a ruleset: %s", strerror(errno)); + } + path_beneath_attr.parent_fd = open("/tmp", O_PATH | O_NOFOLLOW | + O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC); + ASSERT_LE(0, path_beneath_attr.parent_fd); + ASSERT_EQ(0, landlock_add_rule(ruleset_fd, LANDLOCK_RULE_PATH_BENEATH, + &path_beneath_attr, 0)); + ASSERT_EQ(0, errno); + ASSERT_EQ(0, close(path_beneath_attr.parent_fd)); + + ASSERT_EQ(0, prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 1, 0, 0, 0)); + ASSERT_EQ(0, errno); + + ASSERT_EQ(0, landlock_enforce_ruleset_current(ruleset_fd, 0)); + ASSERT_EQ(0, errno); + + ASSERT_EQ(0, close(ruleset_fd)); +} + +FIXTURE(hierarchy) { }; + +FIXTURE_VARIANT(hierarchy) { + const bool domain_both; + const bool domain_parent; + const bool domain_child; +}; + +/* + * Test multiple tracing combinations between a parent process P1 and a child + * process P2. + * + * Yama's scoped ptrace is presumed disabled. If enabled, this optional + * restriction is enforced in addition to any Landlock check, which means that + * all P2 requests to trace P1 would be denied. + */ + +/* + * No domain + * + * P1-. P1 -> P2 : allow + * \ P2 -> P1 : allow + * 'P2 + */ +FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(hierarchy, allow_without_domain) { + .domain_both = false, + .domain_parent = false, + .domain_child = false, +}; + +/* + * Child domain + * + * P1--. P1 -> P2 : allow + * \ P2 -> P1 : deny + * .'-----. + * | P2 | + * '------' + */ +FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(hierarchy, allow_with_one_domain) { + .domain_both = false, + .domain_parent = false, + .domain_child = true, +}; + +/* + * Parent domain + * .------. + * | P1 --. P1 -> P2 : deny + * '------' \ P2 -> P1 : allow + * ' + * P2 + */ +FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(hierarchy, deny_with_parent_domain) { + .domain_both = false, + .domain_parent = true, + .domain_child = false, +}; + +/* + * Parent + child domain (siblings) + * .------. + * | P1 ---. P1 -> P2 : deny + * '------' \ P2 -> P1 : deny + * .---'--. + * | P2 | + * '------' + */ +FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(hierarchy, deny_with_sibling_domain) { + .domain_both = false, + .domain_parent = true, + .domain_child = true, +}; + +/* + * Same domain (inherited) + * .-------------. + * | P1----. | P1 -> P2 : allow + * | \ | P2 -> P1 : allow + * | ' | + * | P2 | + * '-------------' + */ +FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(hierarchy, allow_sibling_domain) { + .domain_both = true, + .domain_parent = false, + .domain_child = false, +}; + +/* + * Inherited + child domain + * .-----------------. + * | P1----. | P1 -> P2 : allow + * | \ | P2 -> P1 : deny + * | .-'----. | + * | | P2 | | + * | '------' | + * '-----------------' + */ +FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(hierarchy, allow_with_nested_domain) { + .domain_both = true, + .domain_parent = false, + .domain_child = true, +}; + +/* + * Inherited + parent domain + * .-----------------. + * |.------. | P1 -> P2 : deny + * || P1 ----. | P2 -> P1 : allow + * |'------' \ | + * | ' | + * | P2 | + * '-----------------' + */ +FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(hierarchy, deny_with_nested_and_parent_domain) { + .domain_both = true, + .domain_parent = true, + .domain_child = false, +}; + +/* + * Inherited + parent and child domain (siblings) + * .-----------------. + * | .------. | P1 -> P2 : deny + * | | P1 . | P2 -> P1 : deny + * | '------'\ | + * | \ | + * | .--'---. | + * | | P2 | | + * | '------' | + * '-----------------' + */ +FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(hierarchy, deny_with_forked_domain) { + .domain_both = true, + .domain_parent = true, + .domain_child = true, +}; + +FIXTURE_SETUP(hierarchy) +{ } + +FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(hierarchy) +{ } + +/* test PTRACE_TRACEME and PTRACE_ATTACH for parent and child */ +TEST_F(hierarchy, trace) +{ + pid_t child, parent; + int status; + int pipe_child[2], pipe_parent[2]; + char buf_parent; + + disable_caps(_metadata); + + parent = getpid(); + ASSERT_EQ(0, pipe(pipe_child)); + ASSERT_EQ(0, pipe(pipe_parent)); + if (variant->domain_both) + create_domain(_metadata); + + child = fork(); + ASSERT_LE(0, child); + if (child == 0) { + char buf_child; + + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(pipe_parent[1])); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(pipe_child[0])); + if (variant->domain_child) + create_domain(_metadata); + + /* sync #1 */ + ASSERT_EQ(1, read(pipe_parent[0], &buf_child, 1)) { + TH_LOG("Failed to read() sync #1 from parent"); + } + ASSERT_EQ('.', buf_child); + + /* Tests the parent protection. */ + ASSERT_EQ(variant->domain_child ? -1 : 0, + ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, parent, NULL, 0)); + if (variant->domain_child) { + ASSERT_EQ(EPERM, errno); + } else { + ASSERT_EQ(parent, waitpid(parent, &status, 0)); + ASSERT_EQ(1, WIFSTOPPED(status)); + ASSERT_EQ(0, ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, parent, NULL, 0)); + } + + /* sync #2 */ + ASSERT_EQ(1, write(pipe_child[1], ".", 1)) { + TH_LOG("Failed to write() sync #2 to parent"); + } + + /* Tests traceme. */ + ASSERT_EQ(variant->domain_parent ? -1 : 0, + ptrace(PTRACE_TRACEME)); + if (variant->domain_parent) { + ASSERT_EQ(EPERM, errno); + } else { + ASSERT_EQ(0, raise(SIGSTOP)); + } + + /* sync #3 */ + ASSERT_EQ(1, read(pipe_parent[0], &buf_child, 1)) { + TH_LOG("Failed to read() sync #3 from parent"); + } + ASSERT_EQ('.', buf_child); + _exit(_metadata->passed ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE); + } + + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(pipe_child[1])); + EXPECT_EQ(0, close(pipe_parent[0])); + if (variant->domain_parent) + create_domain(_metadata); + + /* sync #1 */ + ASSERT_EQ(1, write(pipe_parent[1], ".", 1)) { + TH_LOG("Failed to write() sync #1 to child"); + } + + /* Tests the parent protection. */ + /* sync #2 */ + ASSERT_EQ(1, read(pipe_child[0], &buf_parent, 1)) { + TH_LOG("Failed to read() sync #2 from child"); + } + ASSERT_EQ('.', buf_parent); + + /* Tests traceme. */ + if (!variant->domain_parent) { + ASSERT_EQ(child, waitpid(child, &status, 0)); + ASSERT_EQ(1, WIFSTOPPED(status)); + ASSERT_EQ(0, ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, child, NULL, 0)); + } + /* Tests attach. */ + ASSERT_EQ(variant->domain_parent ? -1 : 0, + ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, child, NULL, 0)); + if (variant->domain_parent) { + ASSERT_EQ(EPERM, errno); + } else { + ASSERT_EQ(child, waitpid(child, &status, 0)); + ASSERT_EQ(1, WIFSTOPPED(status)); + ASSERT_EQ(0, ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, child, NULL, 0)); + } + + /* sync #3 */ + ASSERT_EQ(1, write(pipe_parent[1], ".", 1)) { + TH_LOG("Failed to write() sync #3 to child"); + } + ASSERT_EQ(child, waitpid(child, &status, 0)); + if (WIFSIGNALED(status) || WEXITSTATUS(status)) + _metadata->passed = 0; +} + +TEST_HARNESS_MAIN diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/landlock/true.c b/tools/testing/selftests/landlock/true.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..3f9ccbf52783 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/landlock/true.c @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 +int main(void) +{ + return 0; +}

From: Mickaël Salaün mic@linux.microsoft.com

This documentation can be built with the Sphinx framework.

Cc: James Morris jmorris@namei.org Cc: Jann Horn jannh@google.com Cc: Kees Cook keescook@chromium.org Cc: Serge E. Hallyn serge@hallyn.com Signed-off-by: Mickaël Salaün mic@linux.microsoft.com Reviewed-by: Vincent Dagonneau vincent.dagonneau@ssi.gouv.fr ---

Changes since v23: * Explain limitations for the maximum number of stacked ruleset, and the memory usage restrictions.

Changes since v22: * Fix spelling and remove obsolete sentence (spotted by Jann Horn). * Bump date.

Changes since v21: * Move the user space documentation to userspace-api/landlock.rst and the kernel documentation to security/landlock.rst . * Add license headers. * Add last update dates. * Update MAINTAINERS file. * Add (back) links to git.kernel.org . * Fix spelling.

Changes since v20: * Update examples and documentation with the new syscalls.

Changes since v19: * Update examples and documentation with the new syscalls.

Changes since v15: * Add current limitations.

Changes since v14: * Fix spelling (contributed by Randy Dunlap). * Extend documentation about inheritance and explain layer levels. * Remove the use of now-removed access rights. * Use GitHub links. * Improve kernel documentation. * Add section for tests. * Update example.

Changes since v13: * Rewrote the documentation according to the major revamp.

Previous changes: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20191104172146.30797-8-mic@digikod.net/ --- Documentation/security/index.rst | 1 + Documentation/security/landlock.rst | 79 +++++++ Documentation/userspace-api/index.rst | 1 + Documentation/userspace-api/landlock.rst | 275 +++++++++++++++++++++++ MAINTAINERS | 2 + 5 files changed, 358 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Documentation/security/landlock.rst create mode 100644 Documentation/userspace-api/landlock.rst

diff --git a/Documentation/security/index.rst b/Documentation/security/index.rst index 8129405eb2cc..16335de04e8c 100644 --- a/Documentation/security/index.rst +++ b/Documentation/security/index.rst @@ -16,3 +16,4 @@ Security Documentation siphash tpm/index digsig + landlock diff --git a/Documentation/security/landlock.rst b/Documentation/security/landlock.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..4c88a67a6958 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/security/landlock.rst @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 +.. Copyright © 2017-2020 Mickaël Salaün mic@digikod.net +.. Copyright © 2019-2020 ANSSI + +================================== +Landlock LSM: kernel documentation +================================== + +:Author: Mickaël Salaün +:Date: November 2020 + +Landlock's goal is to create scoped access-control (i.e. sandboxing). To +harden a whole system, this feature should be available to any process, +including unprivileged ones. Because such process may be compromised or +backdoored (i.e. untrusted), Landlock's features must be safe to use from the +kernel and other processes point of view. Landlock's interface must therefore +expose a minimal attack surface. + +Landlock is designed to be usable by unprivileged processes while following the +system security policy enforced by other access control mechanisms (e.g. DAC, +LSM). Indeed, a Landlock rule shall not interfere with other access-controls +enforced on the system, only add more restrictions. + +Any user can enforce Landlock rulesets on their processes. They are merged and +evaluated according to the inherited ones in a way that ensures that only more +constraints can be added. + +User space documentation can be found here: :doc:`/userspace-api/landlock`. + +Guiding principles for safe access controls +=========================================== + +* A Landlock rule shall be focused on access control on kernel objects instead + of syscall filtering (i.e. syscall arguments), which is the purpose of + seccomp-bpf. +* To avoid multiple kinds of side-channel attacks (e.g. leak of security + policies, CPU-based attacks), Landlock rules shall not be able to + programmatically communicate with user space. +* Kernel access check shall not slow down access request from unsandboxed + processes. +* Computation related to Landlock operations (e.g. enforcing a ruleset) shall + only impact the processes requesting them. + +Tests +===== + +Userspace tests for backward compatibility, ptrace restrictions and filesystem +support can be found here: `tools/testing/selftests/landlock/`_. + +Kernel structures +================= + +Object +------ + +.. kernel-doc:: security/landlock/object.h + :identifiers: + +Ruleset and domain +------------------ + +A domain is a read-only ruleset tied to a set of subjects (i.e. tasks' +credentials). Each time a ruleset is enforced on a task, the current domain is +duplicated and the ruleset is imported as a new layer of rules in the new +domain. Indeed, once in a domain, each rule is tied to a layer level. To +grant access to an object, at least one rule of each layer must allow the +requested action on the object. A task can then only transit to a new domain +which is the intersection of the constraints from the current domain and those +of a ruleset provided by the task. + +The definition of a subject is implicit for a task sandboxing itself, which +makes the reasoning much easier and helps avoid pitfalls. + +.. kernel-doc:: security/landlock/ruleset.h + :identifiers: + +.. Links +.. _tools/testing/selftests/landlock/: + https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/tree/tools/... diff --git a/Documentation/userspace-api/index.rst b/Documentation/userspace-api/index.rst index acd2cc2a538d..01f1748ab569 100644 --- a/Documentation/userspace-api/index.rst +++ b/Documentation/userspace-api/index.rst @@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ place where this information is gathered.

no_new_privs seccomp_filter + landlock unshare spec_ctrl accelerators/ocxl diff --git a/Documentation/userspace-api/landlock.rst b/Documentation/userspace-api/landlock.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..7e83e5def1bc --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/userspace-api/landlock.rst @@ -0,0 +1,275 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 +.. Copyright © 2017-2020 Mickaël Salaün mic@digikod.net +.. Copyright © 2019-2020 ANSSI + +===================================== +Landlock: unprivileged access control +===================================== + +:Author: Mickaël Salaün +:Date: November 2020 + +The goal of Landlock is to enable to restrict ambient rights (e.g. global +filesystem access) for a set of processes. Because Landlock is a stackable +LSM, it makes possible to create safe security sandboxes as new security layers +in addition to the existing system-wide access-controls. This kind of sandbox +is expected to help mitigate the security impact of bugs or +unexpected/malicious behaviors in user space applications. Landlock empowers +any process, including unprivileged ones, to securely restrict themselves. + +Landlock rules +============== + +A Landlock rule describes an action on an object. An object is currently a +file hierarchy, and the related filesystem actions are defined in `Access +rights`_. A set of rules is aggregated in a ruleset, which can then restrict +the thread enforcing it, and its future children. + +Defining and enforcing a security policy +---------------------------------------- + +We first need to create the ruleset that will contain our rules. For this +example, the ruleset will contain rules which only allow read actions, but +write actions will be denied. The ruleset then needs to handle both of these +kind of actions. + +.. code-block:: c + + int ruleset_fd; + struct landlock_ruleset_attr ruleset_attr = { + .handled_access_fs = + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_EXECUTE | + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE | + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE | + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_DIR | + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_REMOVE_DIR | + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_REMOVE_FILE | + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_CHAR | + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_DIR | + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_REG | + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_SOCK | + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_FIFO | + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_BLOCK | + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_SYM, + }; + + ruleset_fd = landlock_create_ruleset(&ruleset_attr, sizeof(ruleset_attr), 0); + if (ruleset_fd < 0) { + perror("Failed to create a ruleset"); + return 1; + } + +We can now add a new rule to this ruleset thanks to the returned file +descriptor referring to this ruleset. The rule will only allow reading the +file hierarchy ``/usr``. Without another rule, write actions would then be +denied by the ruleset. To add ``/usr`` to the ruleset, we open it with the +``O_PATH`` flag and fill the &struct landlock_path_beneath_attr with this file +descriptor. + +.. code-block:: c + + int err; + struct landlock_path_beneath_attr path_beneath = { + .allowed_access = + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_EXECUTE | + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE | + LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_DIR, + }; + + path_beneath.parent_fd = open("/usr", O_PATH | O_CLOEXEC); + if (path_beneath.parent_fd < 0) { + perror("Failed to open file"); + close(ruleset_fd); + return 1; + } + err = landlock_add_rule(ruleset_fd, LANDLOCK_RULE_PATH_BENEATH, + &path_beneath, 0); + close(path_beneath.parent_fd); + if (err) { + perror("Failed to update ruleset"); + close(ruleset_fd); + return 1; + } + +We now have a ruleset with one rule allowing read access to ``/usr`` while +denying all other handled accesses for the filesystem. The next step is to +restrict the current thread from gaining more privileges (e.g. thanks to a SUID +binary). + +.. code-block:: c + + if (prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 1, 0, 0, 0)) { + perror("Failed to restrict privileges"); + close(ruleset_fd); + return 1; + } + +The current thread is now ready to sandbox itself with the ruleset. + +.. code-block:: c + + if (landlock_enforce_ruleset_current(ruleset_fd, 0)) { + perror("Failed to enforce ruleset"); + close(ruleset_fd); + return 1; + } + close(ruleset_fd); + +If the `landlock_enforce_ruleset_current` system call succeeds, the current +thread is now restricted and this policy will be enforced on all its +subsequently created children as well. Once a thread is landlocked, there is +no way to remove its security policy; only adding more restrictions is allowed. +These threads are now in a new Landlock domain, merge of their parent one (if +any) with the new ruleset. + +Full working code can be found in `samples/landlock/sandboxer.c`_. + +Inheritance +----------- + +Every new thread resulting from a :manpage:`clone(2)` inherits Landlock domain +restrictions from its parent. This is similar to the seccomp inheritance (cf. +:doc:`/userspace-api/seccomp_filter`) or any other LSM dealing with task's +:manpage:`credentials(7)`. For instance, one process's thread may apply +Landlock rules to itself, but they will not be automatically applied to other +sibling threads (unlike POSIX thread credential changes, cf. +:manpage:`nptl(7)`). + +When a thread sandboxes itself, we have the guarantee that the related security +policy will stay enforced on all this thread's descendants. This allows +creating standalone and modular security policies per application, which will +automatically be composed between themselves according to their runtime parent +policies. + +Ptrace restrictions +------------------- + +A sandboxed process has less privileges than a non-sandboxed process and must +then be subject to additional restrictions when manipulating another process. +To be allowed to use :manpage:`ptrace(2)` and related syscalls on a target +process, a sandboxed process should have a subset of the target process rules, +which means the tracee must be in a sub-domain of the tracer. + +Kernel interface +================ + +Access rights +------------- + +.. kernel-doc:: include/uapi/linux/landlock.h + :identifiers: fs_access + +Creating a new ruleset +---------------------- + +.. kernel-doc:: security/landlock/syscall.c + :identifiers: sys_landlock_create_ruleset + +.. kernel-doc:: include/uapi/linux/landlock.h + :identifiers: landlock_ruleset_attr + +Extending a ruleset +------------------- + +.. kernel-doc:: security/landlock/syscall.c + :identifiers: sys_landlock_add_rule + +.. kernel-doc:: include/uapi/linux/landlock.h + :identifiers: landlock_rule_type landlock_path_beneath_attr + +Enforcing a ruleset +------------------- + +.. kernel-doc:: security/landlock/syscall.c + :identifiers: sys_landlock_enforce_ruleset_current + +Current limitations +=================== + +Ruleset layers +-------------- + +There is a limit of 64 layers of stacked rulesets. This can be an issue for a +task willing to enforce a new ruleset in complement to its 64 inherited +rulesets. Once this limit is reached, sys_landlock_enforce_ruleset_current() +returns E2BIG. It is then strongly suggested to carefully build rulesets once +in the life of a thread, especially for applications able to launch other +applications which may also want to sandbox themselves (e.g. shells, container +managers, etc.). + +Memory usage +------------ + +Kernel memory allocated to create rulesets is accounted and can be restricted +by the :doc:`/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/memory`. + +File renaming and linking +------------------------- + +Because Landlock targets unprivileged access controls, it is needed to properly +handle composition of rules. Such property also implies rules nesting. +Properly handling multiple layers of ruleset, each one of them able to restrict +access to files, also implies to inherit the ruleset restrictions from a parent +to its hierarchy. Because files are identified and restricted by their +hierarchy, moving or linking a file from one directory to another imply to +propagate the hierarchy constraints. To protect against privilege escalations +through renaming or linking, and for the sack of simplicity, Landlock currently +limits linking and renaming to the same directory. Future Landlock evolutions +will enable more flexibility for renaming and linking, with dedicated ruleset +flags. + +OverlayFS +--------- + +An OverlayFS mount point consists of upper and lower layers. It is currently +not possible to reliably infer which underlying file hierarchy matches an +OverlayFS path composed of such layers. It is then not currently possible to +track the source of an indirect access request, and then not possible to +properly identify and allow an unified OverlayFS hierarchy. Restricting files +in an OverlayFS mount point works, but files allowed in one layer may not be +allowed in a related OverlayFS mount point. A future Landlock evolution will +make possible to properly work with OverlayFS, according to a dedicated ruleset +flag. + + +Special filesystems +------------------- + +Access to regular files and directories can be restricted by Landlock, +according to the handled accesses of a ruleset. However, files which do not +come from a user-visible filesystem (e.g. pipe, socket), but can still be +accessed through /proc/self/fd/, cannot currently be restricted. Likewise, +some special kernel filesystems such as nsfs which can be accessed through +/proc/self/ns/, cannot currently be restricted. For now, these kind of special +paths are then always allowed. Future Landlock evolutions will enable to +restrict such paths, with dedicated ruleset flags. + +Questions and answers +===================== + +What about user space sandbox managers? +--------------------------------------- + +Using user space process to enforce restrictions on kernel resources can lead +to race conditions or inconsistent evaluations (i.e. `Incorrect mirroring of +the OS code and state +https://www.ndss-symposium.org/ndss2003/traps-and-pitfalls-practical-problems-system-call-interposition-based-security-tools/`_). + +What about namespaces and containers? +------------------------------------- + +Namespaces can help create sandboxes but they are not designed for +access-control and then miss useful features for such use case (e.g. no +fine-grained restrictions). Moreover, their complexity can lead to security +issues, especially when untrusted processes can manipulate them (cf. +`Controlling access to user namespaces https://lwn.net/Articles/673597/`_). + +Additional documentation +======================== + +* :doc:`/security/landlock` +* https://landlock.io + +.. Links +.. _samples/landlock/sandboxer.c: + https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/tree/sample... diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS index b98c1a35c141..a7c1bb6549cf 100644 --- a/MAINTAINERS +++ b/MAINTAINERS @@ -9832,6 +9832,8 @@ L: linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org S: Supported W: https://landlock.io T: git https://github.com/landlock-lsm/linux.git +F: Documentation/security/landlock.rst +F: Documentation/userspace-api/landlock.rst F: include/uapi/linux/landlock.h F: security/landlock/ K: landlock

On Thu, Nov 12, 2020 at 9:52 PM Mickaël Salaün mic@digikod.net wrote:

Thanks to the Landlock objects and ruleset, it is possible to identify inodes according to a process's domain. To enable an unprivileged process to express a file hierarchy, it first needs to open a directory (or a file) and pass this file descriptor to the kernel through landlock_add_rule(2). When checking if a file access request is allowed, we walk from the requested dentry to the real root, following the different mount layers. The access to each "tagged" inodes are collected according to their rule layer level, and ANDed to create access to the requested file hierarchy. This makes possible to identify a lot of files without tagging every inodes nor modifying the filesystem, while still following the view and understanding the user has from the filesystem.

Add a new ARCH_EPHEMERAL_INODES for UML because it currently does not keep the same struct inodes for the same inodes whereas these inodes are in use.

This commit adds a minimal set of supported filesystem access-control which doesn't enable to restrict all file-related actions. This is the result of multiple discussions to minimize the code of Landlock to ease review. Thanks to the Landlock design, extending this access-control without breaking user space will not be a problem. Moreover, seccomp filters can be used to restrict the use of syscall families which may not be currently handled by Landlock.

Cc: Al Viro viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk Cc: Anton Ivanov anton.ivanov@cambridgegreys.com Cc: James Morris jmorris@namei.org Cc: Jann Horn jannh@google.com Cc: Jeff Dike jdike@addtoit.com Cc: Kees Cook keescook@chromium.org Cc: Richard Weinberger richard@nod.at Cc: Serge E. Hallyn serge@hallyn.com Signed-off-by: Mickaël Salaün mic@linux.microsoft.com

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Changes since v23:

• Enforce deterministic interleaved path rules. To have consistent layered rules, granting access to a path implies that all accesses tied to inodes, from the requested file to the real root, must be checked. Otherwise, stacked rules may result to overzealous restrictions. By excluding the ability to add exceptions in the same layer (e.g. /a allowed, /a/b denied, and /a/b/c allowed), we get deterministic interleaved path rules. This removes an optimization

I don't understand the "deterministic interleaved path rules" part.

What if I have a policy like this?

/home/user READ /home/user/Downloads READ+WRITE

That's a reasonable policy, right?

If I then try to open /home/user/Downloads/foo in WRITE mode, the loop will first check against the READ+WRITE rule for /home/user, that check will pass, and then it will check against the READ rule for /, which will deny the access, right? That seems bad.

The v22 code ensured that for each layer, the most specific rule (the first we encounter on the walk) always wins, right? What's the problem with that?

which could be replaced by a proper cache mechanism. This also further simplifies and explain check_access_path_continue().

From the interdiff between v23 and v24 (git range-diff

99ade5d59b23~1..99ade5d59b23 faa8c09be9fd~1..faa8c09be9fd):

@@ security/landlock/fs.c (new) + rcu_dereference(landlock_inode(inode)->object)); + rcu_read_unlock(); + -+ /* Checks for matching layers. */ -+ if (rule && (rule->layers | *layer_mask)) { -+ if ((rule->access & access_request) == access_request) { -+ *layer_mask &= ~rule->layers; -+ return true; -+ } else { -+ return false; -+ } ++ if (!rule) ++ /* Continues to walk if there is no rule for this inode. */ ++ return true; ++ /* ++ * We must check all layers for each inode because we may encounter ++ * multiple different accesses from the same layer in a walk. Each ++ * layer must at least allow the access request one time (i.e. with one ++ * inode). This enables to have a deterministic behavior whatever ++ * inode is tagged within interleaved layers. ++ */ ++ if ((rule->access & access_request) == access_request) { ++ /* Validates layers for which all accesses are allowed. */ ++ *layer_mask &= ~rule->layers; ++ /* Continues to walk until all layers are validated. */ ++ return true; + } -+ return true; ++ /* Stops if a rule in the path don't allow all requested access. */ ++ return false; +} + +static int check_access_path(const struct landlock_ruleset *const domain, @@ security/landlock/fs.c (new) + &layer_mask)) { + struct dentry *parent_dentry; + -+ /* Stops when a rule from each layer granted access. */ -+ if (layer_mask == 0) { -+ allowed = true; -+ break; -+ } -+

This change also made it so that disconnected paths aren't accessible unless they're internal, right? While previously, the access could be permitted if the walk stops before reaching the disconnected point? I guess that's fine, but it should probably be documented.

+jump_up: + /* + * Does not work with orphaned/private mounts like overlayfs @@ security/landlock/fs.c (new) + goto jump_up; + } else { + /* -+ * Stops at the real root. Denies access -+ * because not all layers have granted access. ++ * Stops at the real root. Denies access if ++ * not all layers granted access. + */ -+ allowed = false; ++ allowed = (layer_mask == 0); + break; + } + }