In traditional telecom market, what confused us(Huawei) was our software and hardware coupling together oftentimes. So if we change some hardware then we MUST modify our software, which was not our customer’s expectation. In x86 world, we have UEFI and ACPI technologies, they are suitable to solve this problem very well, we just upgrade our hardware and don’t need to upgrade their software, in the meantime ACPI provides many methods on power management.
In ARM64 world, we are aiming the same thing. Following the SBBR,SBSA specs to implement our UEFI and ACPI code, we think the patch set and arm-acpi documentation are fine , and consider it is going on the right direction, so
Reviewed-by: Yi Li phoenix.liyi@huawei.com
-----邮件原件----- 发件人: Hanjun Guo [mailto:hanjun.guo@linaro.org] 发送时间: 2015年1月4日 18:55 收件人: Catalin Marinas; Rafael J. Wysocki; Olof Johansson; Arnd Bergmann; Mark Rutland; Grant Likely; Will Deacon 抄送: Lorenzo Pieralisi; Graeme Gregory; Sudeep Holla; Jon Masters; Jason Cooper; Marc Zyngier; Bjorn Helgaas; Mark Brown; Rob Herring; Robert Richter; Randy Dunlap; Charles.Garcia-Tobin@arm.com; liyi 00215672; Timur Tabi; suravee.suthikulpanit@amd.com; linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org; linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org; linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org; linaro-acpi@lists.linaro.org; Al Stone; Hanjun Guo 主题: [PATCH v6 17/17] Documentation: ACPI for ARM64
From: Graeme Gregory graeme.gregory@linaro.org
Add documentation for the guidelines of how to use ACPI on ARM64.
Reviewed-by: Suravee Suthikulpanit Suravee.Suthikulpanit@amd.com Signed-off-by: Graeme Gregory graeme.gregory@linaro.org Signed-off-by: Al Stone al.stone@linaro.org Signed-off-by: Hanjun Guo hanjun.guo@linaro.org --- Documentation/arm64/arm-acpi.txt | 327 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 327 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Documentation/arm64/arm-acpi.txt
diff --git a/Documentation/arm64/arm-acpi.txt b/Documentation/arm64/arm-acpi.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..21e7020 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/arm64/arm-acpi.txt @@ -0,0 +1,327 @@ +ACPI on ARMv8 Servers +--------------------- +ACPI can be used for ARMv8 general purpose servers designed to follow +the ARM SBSA (Server Base System Architecture) and SBBR (Server Base +Boot Requirements) specifications, currently available to those with an +ARM login at http://silver.arm.com. + +The ARMv8 kernel implements the reduced hardware model of ACPI version +5.1 and later. Links to the specification and all external documents +it refers to are managed by the UEFI Forum. The specification is +available at http://www.uefi.org/specifications and external documents +can be found via http://www.uefi.org/acpi. + +If an ARMv8 system does not meet the requirements of the SBSA, or +cannot be described using the mechanisms defined in the required ACPI +specifications, then it is likely that Device Tree (DT) is more +suitable than ACPI for the hardware. + + +Relationship with Device Tree +----------------------------- +ACPI support in drivers and subsystems for ARMv8 should never be +mutually exclusive with DT support at compile time. + +At boot time the kernel will only use one description method depending +on parameters passed from the bootloader (including kernel bootargs). + +Regardless of whether DT or ACPI is used, the kernel must always be +capable of booting with either scheme (in kernels with both schemes +enabled at compile time). + + +Booting using ACPI tables +------------------------- +The only defined method for passing ACPI tables to the kernel on ARMv8 +is via the UEFI system configuration table. + +Processing of ACPI tables may be disabled by passing acpi=off on the +kernel command line; this is the default behavior if both ACPI and DT +tables are present. If acpi=force is used, the kernel will ONLY use +device configuration information contained in the ACPI tables if those tables are available. + +In order for the kernel to load and use ACPI tables, the UEFI +implementation MUST set the ACPI_20_TABLE_GUID to point to the RSDP +table (the table with the ACPI signature "RSD PTR "). If this pointer +is incorrect and acpi=force is used, the kernel will disable ACPI and try to use DT to boot instead. + +If the pointer to the RSDP table is correct, the table will be mapped +into the kernel by the ACPI core, using the address provided by UEFI. + +The ACPI core will then locate and map in all other ACPI tables +provided by using the addresses in the RSDP table to find the XSDT +(eXtended System Description Table). The XSDT in turn provides the +addresses to all other ACPI tables provided by the system firmware; the +ACPI core will then traverse this table and map in the tables listed. + +The ACPI core will ignore any provided RSDT (Root System Description Table). +RSDTs have been deprecated and are ignored on arm64 since they only +allow for 32-bit addresses. + +Further, the ACPI core will only use the 64-bit address fields in the +FADT (Fixed ACPI Description Table). Any 32-bit address fields in the +FADT will be ignored on arm64. + +Hardware reduced mode (see Section 4.1 of the ACPI 5.1 specification) +will be enforced by the ACPI core on arm64. Doing so allows the ACPI +core to run less complex code since it no longer has to provide support +for legacy hardware from other architectures. + +For the ACPI core to operate properly, and in turn provide the +information the kernel needs to configure devices, it expects to find +the following tables (all section numbers refer to the ACPI 5.1 specfication): + + -- RSDP (Root System Description Pointer), section 5.2.5 + + -- XSDT (eXtended System Description Table), section 5.2.8 + + -- FADT (Fixed ACPI Description Table), section 5.2.9 + + -- DSDT (Differentiated System Description Table), section + 5.2.11.1 + + -- MADT (Multiple APIC Description Table), section 5.2.12 + + -- GTDT (Generic Timer Description Table), section 5.2.24 + + -- If PCI is supported, the MCFG (Memory mapped ConFiGuration + Table), section 5.2.6, specifically Table 5-31. + +If the above tables are not all present, the kernel may or may not be +able to boot properly since it may not be able to configure all of the +devices available. + + +ACPI Detection +-------------- +Drivers should determine their probe() type by checking for a null +value for ACPI_HANDLE, or checking .of_node, or other information in +the device structure. This is detailed further in the "Driver +Recommendations" section. + +In non-driver code, if the presence of ACPI needs to be detected at +runtime, then check the value of acpi_disabled. If CONFIG_ACPI is not +set, acpi_disabled will always be 1. + + +Device Enumeration +------------------ +Device descriptions in ACPI should use standard recognized ACPI interfaces. +These may contain less information than is typically provided via a +Device Tree description for the same device. This is also one of the +reasons that ACPI can be useful -- the driver takes into account that +it may have less detailed information about the device and uses sensible defaults instead. +If done properly in the driver, the hardware can change and improve +over time without the driver having to change at all. + +Clocks provide an excellent example. In DT, clocks need to be +specified and the drivers need to take them into account. In ACPI, the +assumption is that UEFI will leave the device in a reasonable default +state, including any clock settings. If for some reason the driver +needs to change a clock value, this can be done in an ACPI method; all +the driver needs to do is invoke the method and not concern itself with +what the method needs to do to change the clock. Changing the hardware +can then take place over time by changing what the ACPI method does, and not the driver. + +ACPI drivers should only look at one specific ASL object -- the _DSD +object +-- for device driver parameters (known in DT as "bindings", or "Device +Properties" in ACPI). DT bindings also will be reviewed before used. +The UEFI Forum provides a mechanism for registering such bindings [URL +TBD by ASWG] so that they may be used on any operating system +supporting ACPI. Device properties that have not been registered with +the UEFI Forum should not be used. + +Drivers should look for device properties in the _DSD object ONLY; the +_DSD object is described in the ACPI specification section 6.2.5, but +more specifically, use the _DSD Device Properties UUID: + + -- UUID: daffd814-6eba-4d8c-8a91-bc9bbf4aa301 + + -- + http://www.uefi.org/sites/default/files/resources/_DSD-device-properti + es-UUID.pdf + +The kernel has an interface for looking up device properties in a +manner independent of whether DT or ACPI is being used and that +interface should be used; it can eliminate some duplication of code +paths in driver probing functions and discourage divergence between DT +bindings and ACPI device properties. + +ACPI tables are described with a formal language called ASL, the ACPI +Source Language (section 19 of the specification). This means that +there are always multiple ways to describe the same thing -- including +device properties. For example, device properties could use an ASL +construct that looks like this: Name(KEY0, "value0"). An ACPI device +driver would then retrieve the value of the property by evaluating the KEY0 object. +However, using Name() this way has multiple problems: (1) ACPI limits +names ("KEY0") to four characters unlike DT; (2) there is no industry +wide registry that maintains a list of names, minimzing re-use; (3) +there is also no registry for the definition of property values +("value0"), again making re-use difficult; and (4) how does one +maintain backward compatibility as new hardware comes out? The _DSD +method was created to solve precisely these sorts of problems; Linux +drivers should ALWAYS use the _DSD method for device properties and nothing else. + +The _DSM object (ACPI Section 9.14.1) could also be used for conveying +device properties to a driver. Linux drivers should only expect it to +be used if _DSD cannot represent the data required, and there is no way +to create a new UUID for the _DSD object. Note that there is even less +regulation of the use of _DSM than there is of _DSD. Drivers that +depend on the contents of _DSM objects will be more difficult to +maintain over time because of this. + +The _DSD object is a very flexible mechanism in ACPI, as are the +registered Device Properties. This flexibility allows _DSD to cover +more than just the generic server case and care should be taken in +device drivers not to expect it to replicate highly specific embedded behaviour from DT. + +Both DT bindings and ACPI device properties for device drivers have +review processes. Use them. And, before creating new device +properties, check to be sure that they have not been defined before and +either registered in the Linux kernel documentation or the UEFI Forum. +If the device drivers supports ACPI and DT, please make sure the device +properties are consistent in both places. + + +Programmable Power Control Resources +------------------------------------ +Programmable power control resources include such resources as +voltage/current providers (regulators) and clock sources. + +The kernel assumes that power control of these resources is represented +with Power Resource Objects (ACPI section 7.1). The ACPI core will +then handle correctly enabling and disabling resources as they are +needed. In order to get that to work, ACPI assumes each device has +defined D-states and that these can be controlled through the optional +ACPI methods _PS0, _PS1, _PS2, and _PS3; in ACPI, _PS0 is the method to +invoke to turn a device full on, and _PS3 is for turning a device full off. + +There are two options for using those Power Resources. + -- be managed in _PSx routine which gets called on entry to Dx. + + -- be declared separately as power resources with their own _ON and _OFF + methods. They are then tied back to D-states for a particular device + via _PRx which specifies which power resources a device needs to be on + while in Dx. Kernel then tracks number of devices using a power resource + and calls _ON/_OFF as needed. + +The kernel ACPI code will also assume that the _PSx methods follow the +normal ACPI rules for such methods: + + -- If either _PS0 or _PS3 is implemented, then the other method must also + be implemented. + + -- If a device requires usage or setup of a power resource when on, the ASL + should organize that it is allocated/enabled using the _PS0 method. + + -- Resources allocated or enabled in the _PS0 method should be disabled + or de-allocated in the _PS3 method. + + -- Firmware will leave the resources in a reasonable state before handing + over control to the kernel. + +Such code in _PSx methods will of course be very platform specific. +But, this allows the driver to abstract out the interface for operating +the device and avoid having to read special non-standard values from +ACPI tables. Further, abstracting the use of these resources allows the +hardware to change over time without requiring updates to the driver. + + +Clocks +------ +ACPI makes the assumption that clocks are initialized by the firmware +-- UEFI, in this case -- to some working value before control is handed +over to the kernel. This has implications for devices such as UARTs, +or SoC-driven LCD displays, for example. + +When the kernel boots, the clock is assumed to be set to a reasonable +working value. If for some reason the frequency needs to change -- +e.g., throttling for power management -- the device driver should +expect that process to be abstracted out into some ACPI method that can +be invoked (please see the ACPI specification for further +recommendations on standard methods to be expected) except CPU clocks +where CPPC provides a much richer interface instead of some method. If +it is not, there is no direct way for ACPI to control the clocks. + + +Driver Recommendations +---------------------- +DO NOT remove any DT handling when adding ACPI support for a driver. +The same device may be used on many different systems. + +DO try to structure the driver so that it is data-driven. That is, set +up a struct containing internal per-device state based on defaults and +whatever else must be discovered by the driver probe function. Then, +have the rest of the driver operate off of the contents of that struct. +Doing so should allow most divergence between ACPI and DT functionality +to be kept local to the probe function instead of being scattered +throughout the driver. For +example: + +static int device_probe_dt(struct platform_device *pdev) { + /* DT specific functionality */ + ... +} + +static int device_probe_acpi(struct platform_device *pdev) { + /* ACPI specific functionality */ + ... +} + +static int device_probe(stuct platform_device *pdev) { + ... + struct device_node node = pdev->dev.of_node; + ... + + if (node) + ret = device_probe_dt(pdev); + else if (ACPI_HANDLE(&pdev->dev)) + ret = device_probe_acpi(pdev); + else + /* other initialization */ + ... + /* Continue with any generic probe operations */ + ... +} + +DO keep the MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE entries together in the driver to make +it clear the different names the driver is probed for, both from DT and +from +ACPI: + +static struct of_device_id virtio_mmio_match[] = { + { .compatible = "virtio,mmio", }, + { } +}; +MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, virtio_mmio_match); + +static const struct acpi_device_id virtio_mmio_acpi_match[] = { + { "LNRO0005", }, + { } +}; +MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(acpi, virtio_mmio_acpi_match); + + +ASWG +---- +The following areas are not yet fully defined for ARM in the 5.1 +version of the ACPI specification and are expected to be worked through +in the UEFI ACPI Specification Working Group (ASWG): + + -- ACPI based CPU topology + -- ACPI based CPU idle control + -- ACPI based SMMU and its IO topology + -- ITS support for GIC in MADT + +Participation in this group is open to all UEFI members. Please see +http://www.uefi.org/workinggroup for details on group membership. + +It is the intent of the ARMv8 ACPI kernel code to follow the ACPI +specification as closely as possible, and to only implement +functionality that complies with the released standards from UEFI ASWG. +As a practical matter, there will be vendors that provide bad ACPI tables or violate the standards in some way. +If this is because of errors, quirks and fixups may be necessary, but +will be avoided if possible. If there are features missing from ACPI +that preclude it from being used on a platform, ECRs (Engineering +Change Requests) should be submitted to ASWG and go through the normal +approval process; for those that are not UEFI members, many other +members of the Linux community are and would likely be willing to assist in submitting ECRs. -- 1.9.1