From: Will Deacon will@kernel.org
[ Upstream commit 77e9971c79c29542ab7dd4140f9343bf2ff36158 ]
In an effort to improve performance of the REFCOUNT_FULL implementation, move the bulk of its functions into linux/refcount.h. This allows them to be inlined in the same way as if they had been provided via CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_REFCOUNT.
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon will@kernel.org Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel ardb@kernel.org Reviewed-by: Kees Cook keescook@chromium.org Tested-by: Hanjun Guo guohanjun@huawei.com Cc: Ard Biesheuvel ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org Cc: Elena Reshetova elena.reshetova@intel.com Cc: Linus Torvalds torvalds@linux-foundation.org Cc: Peter Zijlstra peterz@infradead.org Cc: Thomas Gleixner tglx@linutronix.de Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191121115902.2551-5-will@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar mingo@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin sashal@kernel.org --- include/linux/refcount.h | 237 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-- lib/refcount.c | 238 +-------------------------------------- 2 files changed, 229 insertions(+), 246 deletions(-)
diff --git a/include/linux/refcount.h b/include/linux/refcount.h index edd505d1a23b..e719b5b1220e 100644 --- a/include/linux/refcount.h +++ b/include/linux/refcount.h @@ -45,22 +45,241 @@ static inline unsigned int refcount_read(const refcount_t *r) }
#ifdef CONFIG_REFCOUNT_FULL +#include <linux/bug.h>
#define REFCOUNT_MAX (UINT_MAX - 1) #define REFCOUNT_SATURATED UINT_MAX
-extern __must_check bool refcount_add_not_zero(int i, refcount_t *r); -extern void refcount_add(int i, refcount_t *r); +/* + * Variant of atomic_t specialized for reference counts. + * + * The interface matches the atomic_t interface (to aid in porting) but only + * provides the few functions one should use for reference counting. + * + * It differs in that the counter saturates at REFCOUNT_SATURATED and will not + * move once there. This avoids wrapping the counter and causing 'spurious' + * use-after-free issues. + * + * Memory ordering rules are slightly relaxed wrt regular atomic_t functions + * and provide only what is strictly required for refcounts. + * + * The increments are fully relaxed; these will not provide ordering. The + * rationale is that whatever is used to obtain the object we're increasing the + * reference count on will provide the ordering. For locked data structures, + * its the lock acquire, for RCU/lockless data structures its the dependent + * load. + * + * Do note that inc_not_zero() provides a control dependency which will order + * future stores against the inc, this ensures we'll never modify the object + * if we did not in fact acquire a reference. + * + * The decrements will provide release order, such that all the prior loads and + * stores will be issued before, it also provides a control dependency, which + * will order us against the subsequent free(). + * + * The control dependency is against the load of the cmpxchg (ll/sc) that + * succeeded. This means the stores aren't fully ordered, but this is fine + * because the 1->0 transition indicates no concurrency. + * + * Note that the allocator is responsible for ordering things between free() + * and alloc(). + * + * The decrements dec_and_test() and sub_and_test() also provide acquire + * ordering on success. + * + */ + +/** + * refcount_add_not_zero - add a value to a refcount unless it is 0 + * @i: the value to add to the refcount + * @r: the refcount + * + * Will saturate at REFCOUNT_SATURATED and WARN. + * + * Provides no memory ordering, it is assumed the caller has guaranteed the + * object memory to be stable (RCU, etc.). It does provide a control dependency + * and thereby orders future stores. See the comment on top. + * + * Use of this function is not recommended for the normal reference counting + * use case in which references are taken and released one at a time. In these + * cases, refcount_inc(), or one of its variants, should instead be used to + * increment a reference count. + * + * Return: false if the passed refcount is 0, true otherwise + */ +static inline __must_check bool refcount_add_not_zero(int i, refcount_t *r) +{ + unsigned int new, val = atomic_read(&r->refs); + + do { + if (!val) + return false; + + if (unlikely(val == REFCOUNT_SATURATED)) + return true; + + new = val + i; + if (new < val) + new = REFCOUNT_SATURATED; + + } while (!atomic_try_cmpxchg_relaxed(&r->refs, &val, new)); + + WARN_ONCE(new == REFCOUNT_SATURATED, + "refcount_t: saturated; leaking memory.\n"); + + return true; +} + +/** + * refcount_add - add a value to a refcount + * @i: the value to add to the refcount + * @r: the refcount + * + * Similar to atomic_add(), but will saturate at REFCOUNT_SATURATED and WARN. + * + * Provides no memory ordering, it is assumed the caller has guaranteed the + * object memory to be stable (RCU, etc.). It does provide a control dependency + * and thereby orders future stores. See the comment on top. + * + * Use of this function is not recommended for the normal reference counting + * use case in which references are taken and released one at a time. In these + * cases, refcount_inc(), or one of its variants, should instead be used to + * increment a reference count. + */ +static inline void refcount_add(int i, refcount_t *r) +{ + WARN_ONCE(!refcount_add_not_zero(i, r), "refcount_t: addition on 0; use-after-free.\n"); +} + +/** + * refcount_inc_not_zero - increment a refcount unless it is 0 + * @r: the refcount to increment + * + * Similar to atomic_inc_not_zero(), but will saturate at REFCOUNT_SATURATED + * and WARN. + * + * Provides no memory ordering, it is assumed the caller has guaranteed the + * object memory to be stable (RCU, etc.). It does provide a control dependency + * and thereby orders future stores. See the comment on top. + * + * Return: true if the increment was successful, false otherwise + */ +static inline __must_check bool refcount_inc_not_zero(refcount_t *r) +{ + unsigned int new, val = atomic_read(&r->refs); + + do { + new = val + 1;
-extern __must_check bool refcount_inc_not_zero(refcount_t *r); -extern void refcount_inc(refcount_t *r); + if (!val) + return false;
-extern __must_check bool refcount_sub_and_test(int i, refcount_t *r); + if (unlikely(!new)) + return true;
-extern __must_check bool refcount_dec_and_test(refcount_t *r); -extern void refcount_dec(refcount_t *r); + } while (!atomic_try_cmpxchg_relaxed(&r->refs, &val, new)); + + WARN_ONCE(new == REFCOUNT_SATURATED, + "refcount_t: saturated; leaking memory.\n"); + + return true; +} + +/** + * refcount_inc - increment a refcount + * @r: the refcount to increment + * + * Similar to atomic_inc(), but will saturate at REFCOUNT_SATURATED and WARN. + * + * Provides no memory ordering, it is assumed the caller already has a + * reference on the object. + * + * Will WARN if the refcount is 0, as this represents a possible use-after-free + * condition. + */ +static inline void refcount_inc(refcount_t *r) +{ + WARN_ONCE(!refcount_inc_not_zero(r), "refcount_t: increment on 0; use-after-free.\n"); +} + +/** + * refcount_sub_and_test - subtract from a refcount and test if it is 0 + * @i: amount to subtract from the refcount + * @r: the refcount + * + * Similar to atomic_dec_and_test(), but it will WARN, return false and + * ultimately leak on underflow and will fail to decrement when saturated + * at REFCOUNT_SATURATED. + * + * Provides release memory ordering, such that prior loads and stores are done + * before, and provides an acquire ordering on success such that free() + * must come after. + * + * Use of this function is not recommended for the normal reference counting + * use case in which references are taken and released one at a time. In these + * cases, refcount_dec(), or one of its variants, should instead be used to + * decrement a reference count. + * + * Return: true if the resulting refcount is 0, false otherwise + */ +static inline __must_check bool refcount_sub_and_test(int i, refcount_t *r) +{ + unsigned int new, val = atomic_read(&r->refs); + + do { + if (unlikely(val == REFCOUNT_SATURATED)) + return false; + + new = val - i; + if (new > val) { + WARN_ONCE(new > val, "refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free.\n"); + return false; + } + + } while (!atomic_try_cmpxchg_release(&r->refs, &val, new)); + + if (!new) { + smp_acquire__after_ctrl_dep(); + return true; + } + return false; + +} + +/** + * refcount_dec_and_test - decrement a refcount and test if it is 0 + * @r: the refcount + * + * Similar to atomic_dec_and_test(), it will WARN on underflow and fail to + * decrement when saturated at REFCOUNT_SATURATED. + * + * Provides release memory ordering, such that prior loads and stores are done + * before, and provides an acquire ordering on success such that free() + * must come after. + * + * Return: true if the resulting refcount is 0, false otherwise + */ +static inline __must_check bool refcount_dec_and_test(refcount_t *r) +{ + return refcount_sub_and_test(1, r); +} + +/** + * refcount_dec - decrement a refcount + * @r: the refcount + * + * Similar to atomic_dec(), it will WARN on underflow and fail to decrement + * when saturated at REFCOUNT_SATURATED. + * + * Provides release memory ordering, such that prior loads and stores are done + * before. + */ +static inline void refcount_dec(refcount_t *r) +{ + WARN_ONCE(refcount_dec_and_test(r), "refcount_t: decrement hit 0; leaking memory.\n"); +}
-#else +#else /* CONFIG_REFCOUNT_FULL */
#define REFCOUNT_MAX INT_MAX #define REFCOUNT_SATURATED (INT_MIN / 2) @@ -103,7 +322,7 @@ static inline void refcount_dec(refcount_t *r) atomic_dec(&r->refs); } # endif /* !CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_REFCOUNT */ -#endif /* CONFIG_REFCOUNT_FULL */ +#endif /* !CONFIG_REFCOUNT_FULL */
extern __must_check bool refcount_dec_if_one(refcount_t *r); extern __must_check bool refcount_dec_not_one(refcount_t *r); diff --git a/lib/refcount.c b/lib/refcount.c index a2f670998cee..3a534fbebdcc 100644 --- a/lib/refcount.c +++ b/lib/refcount.c @@ -1,41 +1,6 @@ // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 /* - * Variant of atomic_t specialized for reference counts. - * - * The interface matches the atomic_t interface (to aid in porting) but only - * provides the few functions one should use for reference counting. - * - * It differs in that the counter saturates at REFCOUNT_SATURATED and will not - * move once there. This avoids wrapping the counter and causing 'spurious' - * use-after-free issues. - * - * Memory ordering rules are slightly relaxed wrt regular atomic_t functions - * and provide only what is strictly required for refcounts. - * - * The increments are fully relaxed; these will not provide ordering. The - * rationale is that whatever is used to obtain the object we're increasing the - * reference count on will provide the ordering. For locked data structures, - * its the lock acquire, for RCU/lockless data structures its the dependent - * load. - * - * Do note that inc_not_zero() provides a control dependency which will order - * future stores against the inc, this ensures we'll never modify the object - * if we did not in fact acquire a reference. - * - * The decrements will provide release order, such that all the prior loads and - * stores will be issued before, it also provides a control dependency, which - * will order us against the subsequent free(). - * - * The control dependency is against the load of the cmpxchg (ll/sc) that - * succeeded. This means the stores aren't fully ordered, but this is fine - * because the 1->0 transition indicates no concurrency. - * - * Note that the allocator is responsible for ordering things between free() - * and alloc(). - * - * The decrements dec_and_test() and sub_and_test() also provide acquire - * ordering on success. - * + * Out-of-line refcount functions common to all refcount implementations. */
#include <linux/mutex.h> @@ -43,207 +8,6 @@ #include <linux/spinlock.h> #include <linux/bug.h>
-#ifdef CONFIG_REFCOUNT_FULL - -/** - * refcount_add_not_zero - add a value to a refcount unless it is 0 - * @i: the value to add to the refcount - * @r: the refcount - * - * Will saturate at REFCOUNT_SATURATED and WARN. - * - * Provides no memory ordering, it is assumed the caller has guaranteed the - * object memory to be stable (RCU, etc.). It does provide a control dependency - * and thereby orders future stores. See the comment on top. - * - * Use of this function is not recommended for the normal reference counting - * use case in which references are taken and released one at a time. In these - * cases, refcount_inc(), or one of its variants, should instead be used to - * increment a reference count. - * - * Return: false if the passed refcount is 0, true otherwise - */ -bool refcount_add_not_zero(int i, refcount_t *r) -{ - unsigned int new, val = atomic_read(&r->refs); - - do { - if (!val) - return false; - - if (unlikely(val == REFCOUNT_SATURATED)) - return true; - - new = val + i; - if (new < val) - new = REFCOUNT_SATURATED; - - } while (!atomic_try_cmpxchg_relaxed(&r->refs, &val, new)); - - WARN_ONCE(new == REFCOUNT_SATURATED, - "refcount_t: saturated; leaking memory.\n"); - - return true; -} -EXPORT_SYMBOL(refcount_add_not_zero); - -/** - * refcount_add - add a value to a refcount - * @i: the value to add to the refcount - * @r: the refcount - * - * Similar to atomic_add(), but will saturate at REFCOUNT_SATURATED and WARN. - * - * Provides no memory ordering, it is assumed the caller has guaranteed the - * object memory to be stable (RCU, etc.). It does provide a control dependency - * and thereby orders future stores. See the comment on top. - * - * Use of this function is not recommended for the normal reference counting - * use case in which references are taken and released one at a time. In these - * cases, refcount_inc(), or one of its variants, should instead be used to - * increment a reference count. - */ -void refcount_add(int i, refcount_t *r) -{ - WARN_ONCE(!refcount_add_not_zero(i, r), "refcount_t: addition on 0; use-after-free.\n"); -} -EXPORT_SYMBOL(refcount_add); - -/** - * refcount_inc_not_zero - increment a refcount unless it is 0 - * @r: the refcount to increment - * - * Similar to atomic_inc_not_zero(), but will saturate at REFCOUNT_SATURATED - * and WARN. - * - * Provides no memory ordering, it is assumed the caller has guaranteed the - * object memory to be stable (RCU, etc.). It does provide a control dependency - * and thereby orders future stores. See the comment on top. - * - * Return: true if the increment was successful, false otherwise - */ -bool refcount_inc_not_zero(refcount_t *r) -{ - unsigned int new, val = atomic_read(&r->refs); - - do { - new = val + 1; - - if (!val) - return false; - - if (unlikely(!new)) - return true; - - } while (!atomic_try_cmpxchg_relaxed(&r->refs, &val, new)); - - WARN_ONCE(new == REFCOUNT_SATURATED, - "refcount_t: saturated; leaking memory.\n"); - - return true; -} -EXPORT_SYMBOL(refcount_inc_not_zero); - -/** - * refcount_inc - increment a refcount - * @r: the refcount to increment - * - * Similar to atomic_inc(), but will saturate at REFCOUNT_SATURATED and WARN. - * - * Provides no memory ordering, it is assumed the caller already has a - * reference on the object. - * - * Will WARN if the refcount is 0, as this represents a possible use-after-free - * condition. - */ -void refcount_inc(refcount_t *r) -{ - WARN_ONCE(!refcount_inc_not_zero(r), "refcount_t: increment on 0; use-after-free.\n"); -} -EXPORT_SYMBOL(refcount_inc); - -/** - * refcount_sub_and_test - subtract from a refcount and test if it is 0 - * @i: amount to subtract from the refcount - * @r: the refcount - * - * Similar to atomic_dec_and_test(), but it will WARN, return false and - * ultimately leak on underflow and will fail to decrement when saturated - * at REFCOUNT_SATURATED. - * - * Provides release memory ordering, such that prior loads and stores are done - * before, and provides an acquire ordering on success such that free() - * must come after. - * - * Use of this function is not recommended for the normal reference counting - * use case in which references are taken and released one at a time. In these - * cases, refcount_dec(), or one of its variants, should instead be used to - * decrement a reference count. - * - * Return: true if the resulting refcount is 0, false otherwise - */ -bool refcount_sub_and_test(int i, refcount_t *r) -{ - unsigned int new, val = atomic_read(&r->refs); - - do { - if (unlikely(val == REFCOUNT_SATURATED)) - return false; - - new = val - i; - if (new > val) { - WARN_ONCE(new > val, "refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free.\n"); - return false; - } - - } while (!atomic_try_cmpxchg_release(&r->refs, &val, new)); - - if (!new) { - smp_acquire__after_ctrl_dep(); - return true; - } - return false; - -} -EXPORT_SYMBOL(refcount_sub_and_test); - -/** - * refcount_dec_and_test - decrement a refcount and test if it is 0 - * @r: the refcount - * - * Similar to atomic_dec_and_test(), it will WARN on underflow and fail to - * decrement when saturated at REFCOUNT_SATURATED. - * - * Provides release memory ordering, such that prior loads and stores are done - * before, and provides an acquire ordering on success such that free() - * must come after. - * - * Return: true if the resulting refcount is 0, false otherwise - */ -bool refcount_dec_and_test(refcount_t *r) -{ - return refcount_sub_and_test(1, r); -} -EXPORT_SYMBOL(refcount_dec_and_test); - -/** - * refcount_dec - decrement a refcount - * @r: the refcount - * - * Similar to atomic_dec(), it will WARN on underflow and fail to decrement - * when saturated at REFCOUNT_SATURATED. - * - * Provides release memory ordering, such that prior loads and stores are done - * before. - */ -void refcount_dec(refcount_t *r) -{ - WARN_ONCE(refcount_dec_and_test(r), "refcount_t: decrement hit 0; leaking memory.\n"); -} -EXPORT_SYMBOL(refcount_dec); - -#endif /* CONFIG_REFCOUNT_FULL */ - /** * refcount_dec_if_one - decrement a refcount if it is 1 * @r: the refcount