From: Piotr Krysiuk piotras@gmail.com
commit 37cb28ec7d3a36a5bace7063a3dba633ab110f8b upstream.
The conditional branch instructions on MIPS use 18-bit signed offsets allowing for a branch range of 128 KBytes (backward and forward). However, this limit is not observed by the cBPF JIT compiler, and so the JIT compiler emits out-of-range branches when translating certain cBPF programs. A specific example of such a cBPF program is included in the "BPF_MAXINSNS: exec all MSH" test from lib/test_bpf.c that executes anomalous machine code containing incorrect branch offsets under JIT.
Furthermore, this issue can be abused to craft undesirable machine code, where the control flow is hijacked to execute arbitrary Kernel code.
The following steps can be used to reproduce the issue:
# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/core/bpf_jit_enable # modprobe test_bpf test_name="BPF_MAXINSNS: exec all MSH"
This should produce multiple warnings from build_bimm() similar to:
------------[ cut here ]------------ WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 209 at arch/mips/mm/uasm-mips.c:210 build_insn+0x558/0x590 Micro-assembler field overflow Modules linked in: test_bpf(+) CPU: 0 PID: 209 Comm: modprobe Not tainted 5.14.3 #1 Stack : 00000000 807bb824 82b33c9c 801843c0 00000000 00000004 00000000 63c9b5ee 82b33af4 80999898 80910000 80900000 82fd6030 00000001 82b33a98 82087180 00000000 00000000 80873b28 00000000 000000fc 82b3394c 00000000 2e34312e 6d6d6f43 809a180f 809a1836 6f6d203a 80900000 00000001 82b33bac 80900000 00027f80 00000000 00000000 807bb824 00000000 804ed790 001cc317 00000001 [...] Call Trace: [<80108f44>] show_stack+0x38/0x118 [<807a7aac>] dump_stack_lvl+0x5c/0x7c [<807a4b3c>] __warn+0xcc/0x140 [<807a4c3c>] warn_slowpath_fmt+0x8c/0xb8 [<8011e198>] build_insn+0x558/0x590 [<8011e358>] uasm_i_bne+0x20/0x2c [<80127b48>] build_body+0xa58/0x2a94 [<80129c98>] bpf_jit_compile+0x114/0x1e4 [<80613fc4>] bpf_prepare_filter+0x2ec/0x4e4 [<8061423c>] bpf_prog_create+0x80/0xc4 [<c0a006e4>] test_bpf_init+0x300/0xba8 [test_bpf] [<8010051c>] do_one_initcall+0x50/0x1d4 [<801c5e54>] do_init_module+0x60/0x220 [<801c8b20>] sys_finit_module+0xc4/0xfc [<801144d0>] syscall_common+0x34/0x58 [...] ---[ end trace a287d9742503c645 ]---
Then the anomalous machine code executes:
=> 0xc0a18000: addiu sp,sp,-16 0xc0a18004: sw s3,0(sp) 0xc0a18008: sw s4,4(sp) 0xc0a1800c: sw s5,8(sp) 0xc0a18010: sw ra,12(sp) 0xc0a18014: move s5,a0 0xc0a18018: move s4,zero 0xc0a1801c: move s3,zero
# __BPF_STMT(BPF_LDX | BPF_B | BPF_MSH, 0) 0xc0a18020: lui t6,0x8012 0xc0a18024: ori t4,t6,0x9e14 0xc0a18028: li a1,0 0xc0a1802c: jalr t4 0xc0a18030: move a0,s5 0xc0a18034: bnez v0,0xc0a1ffb8 # incorrect branch offset 0xc0a18038: move v0,zero 0xc0a1803c: andi s4,s3,0xf 0xc0a18040: b 0xc0a18048 0xc0a18044: sll s4,s4,0x2 [...]
# __BPF_STMT(BPF_LDX | BPF_B | BPF_MSH, 0) 0xc0a1ffa0: lui t6,0x8012 0xc0a1ffa4: ori t4,t6,0x9e14 0xc0a1ffa8: li a1,0 0xc0a1ffac: jalr t4 0xc0a1ffb0: move a0,s5 0xc0a1ffb4: bnez v0,0xc0a1ffb8 # incorrect branch offset 0xc0a1ffb8: move v0,zero 0xc0a1ffbc: andi s4,s3,0xf 0xc0a1ffc0: b 0xc0a1ffc8 0xc0a1ffc4: sll s4,s4,0x2
# __BPF_STMT(BPF_LDX | BPF_B | BPF_MSH, 0) 0xc0a1ffc8: lui t6,0x8012 0xc0a1ffcc: ori t4,t6,0x9e14 0xc0a1ffd0: li a1,0 0xc0a1ffd4: jalr t4 0xc0a1ffd8: move a0,s5 0xc0a1ffdc: bnez v0,0xc0a3ffb8 # correct branch offset 0xc0a1ffe0: move v0,zero 0xc0a1ffe4: andi s4,s3,0xf 0xc0a1ffe8: b 0xc0a1fff0 0xc0a1ffec: sll s4,s4,0x2 [...]
# epilogue 0xc0a3ffb8: lw s3,0(sp) 0xc0a3ffbc: lw s4,4(sp) 0xc0a3ffc0: lw s5,8(sp) 0xc0a3ffc4: lw ra,12(sp) 0xc0a3ffc8: addiu sp,sp,16 0xc0a3ffcc: jr ra 0xc0a3ffd0: nop
To mitigate this issue, we assert the branch ranges for each emit call that could generate an out-of-range branch.
Fixes: 36366e367ee9 ("MIPS: BPF: Restore MIPS32 cBPF JIT") Fixes: c6610de353da ("MIPS: net: Add BPF JIT") Signed-off-by: Piotr Krysiuk piotras@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann daniel@iogearbox.net Tested-by: Johan Almbladh johan.almbladh@anyfinetworks.com Acked-by: Johan Almbladh johan.almbladh@anyfinetworks.com Cc: Paul Burton paulburton@kernel.org Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer tsbogend@alpha.franken.de Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210915160437.4080-1-piotras@gmail.com [OP: small context adjustment for 4.14] Signed-off-by: Ovidiu Panait ovidiu.panait@windriver.com --- Note: the testcase mentioned in the commit message passes in qemu with this fix applied and fails (generates multiple warnings from build_bimm()) without the fix.
Before: root@qemumips:~# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/core/bpf_jit_enable root@qemumips:~# modprobe test_bpf test_name="BPF_MAXINSNS: exec all MSH" [ 106.405628] test_bpf: #299 BPF_MAXINSNS: exec all MSH [ 106.407671] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 106.411772] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 177 at arch/mips/mm/uasm-mips.c:196 build_insn+0x3cc/0x4c0 [ 106.426688] Micro-assembler field overflow [ 106.427631] Modules linked in: test_bpf(+) [ 106.429041] CPU: 0 PID: 177 Comm: modprobe Not tainted 4.14.249-yocto-standard+ #3 [ 106.430737] Stack : 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000046 1000a400 80190cc0 00000000 00000000 [ 106.432484] 80b00000 0000000b 80c240d4 84a1da7c 80c1b63c 1000a400 84a1da18 ffffffff [ 106.435603] 00000000 00000000 80e00000 806d50ac 00000000 00000000 00000000 0000ffff [ 106.436958] 00000000 00000000 00000001 0000010c 00000000 1000a401 80000000 84a1db38 [ 106.438381] 00000000 000000c4 80131ef4 00000000 00000000 806d4218 0018a617 0018a657 [ 106.439802] ... [ 106.440736] Call Trace: [ 106.441688] [<8010d520>] show_stack+0x94/0x154 [ 106.443072] [<80a69edc>] dump_stack+0xa0/0xcc [ 106.444338] [<80136050>] __warn+0xd8/0x11c [ 106.447240] [<801360c8>] warn_slowpath_fmt+0x34/0x40 [ 106.448389] [<80122d3c>] build_insn+0x3cc/0x4c0 [ 106.449360] [<80122f84>] uasm_i_bne+0x1c/0x28 [ 106.450256] [<80130fe8>] build_body+0x2be8/0x321c [ 106.513233] [<80131db8>] bpf_jit_compile+0x104/0x1cc [ 106.568537] [<808fa0cc>] bpf_prepare_filter+0x294/0x464 [ 106.623162] [<808fa318>] bpf_prog_create+0x7c/0xbc [ 106.676441] [<c061a2c8>] test_bpf_init+0x2c8/0x91c [test_bpf] [ 106.729250] [<8010050c>] do_one_initcall+0x44/0x188 [ 106.783082] [<801caac8>] do_init_module+0x68/0x21c [ 106.836401] [<801ccd64>] load_module+0x2058/0x2764 [ 106.888906] [<801cd6ac>] SyS_finit_module+0xc8/0xe8 [ 106.941491] [<801162a4>] syscall_common+0x34/0x58 [ 107.045016] ---[ end trace 40ab5871d8f30921 ]--- [ 107.098115] ------------[ cut here ]------------
After: root@qemumips:~# modprobe test_bpf test_name="BPF_MAXINSNS: exec all MSH" [ 441.097217] test_bpf: #299 BPF_MAXINSNS: exec all MSH jited:0 452628 PASS [ 445.630459] test_bpf: Summary: 1 PASSED, 0 FAILED, [0/1 JIT'ed]
arch/mips/net/bpf_jit.c | 57 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 43 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)
diff --git a/arch/mips/net/bpf_jit.c b/arch/mips/net/bpf_jit.c index 4d8cb9bb8365..43e6597c720c 100644 --- a/arch/mips/net/bpf_jit.c +++ b/arch/mips/net/bpf_jit.c @@ -662,6 +662,11 @@ static void build_epilogue(struct jit_ctx *ctx) ((int)K < 0 ? ((int)K >= SKF_LL_OFF ? func##_negative : func) : \ func##_positive)
+static bool is_bad_offset(int b_off) +{ + return b_off > 0x1ffff || b_off < -0x20000; +} + static int build_body(struct jit_ctx *ctx) { const struct bpf_prog *prog = ctx->skf; @@ -728,7 +733,10 @@ static int build_body(struct jit_ctx *ctx) /* Load return register on DS for failures */ emit_reg_move(r_ret, r_zero, ctx); /* Return with error */ - emit_b(b_imm(prog->len, ctx), ctx); + b_off = b_imm(prog->len, ctx); + if (is_bad_offset(b_off)) + return -E2BIG; + emit_b(b_off, ctx); emit_nop(ctx); break; case BPF_LD | BPF_W | BPF_IND: @@ -775,8 +783,10 @@ static int build_body(struct jit_ctx *ctx) emit_jalr(MIPS_R_RA, r_s0, ctx); emit_reg_move(MIPS_R_A0, r_skb, ctx); /* delay slot */ /* Check the error value */ - emit_bcond(MIPS_COND_NE, r_ret, 0, - b_imm(prog->len, ctx), ctx); + b_off = b_imm(prog->len, ctx); + if (is_bad_offset(b_off)) + return -E2BIG; + emit_bcond(MIPS_COND_NE, r_ret, 0, b_off, ctx); emit_reg_move(r_ret, r_zero, ctx); /* We are good */ /* X <- P[1:K] & 0xf */ @@ -855,8 +865,10 @@ static int build_body(struct jit_ctx *ctx) /* A /= X */ ctx->flags |= SEEN_X | SEEN_A; /* Check if r_X is zero */ - emit_bcond(MIPS_COND_EQ, r_X, r_zero, - b_imm(prog->len, ctx), ctx); + b_off = b_imm(prog->len, ctx); + if (is_bad_offset(b_off)) + return -E2BIG; + emit_bcond(MIPS_COND_EQ, r_X, r_zero, b_off, ctx); emit_load_imm(r_ret, 0, ctx); /* delay slot */ emit_div(r_A, r_X, ctx); break; @@ -864,8 +876,10 @@ static int build_body(struct jit_ctx *ctx) /* A %= X */ ctx->flags |= SEEN_X | SEEN_A; /* Check if r_X is zero */ - emit_bcond(MIPS_COND_EQ, r_X, r_zero, - b_imm(prog->len, ctx), ctx); + b_off = b_imm(prog->len, ctx); + if (is_bad_offset(b_off)) + return -E2BIG; + emit_bcond(MIPS_COND_EQ, r_X, r_zero, b_off, ctx); emit_load_imm(r_ret, 0, ctx); /* delay slot */ emit_mod(r_A, r_X, ctx); break; @@ -926,7 +940,10 @@ static int build_body(struct jit_ctx *ctx) break; case BPF_JMP | BPF_JA: /* pc += K */ - emit_b(b_imm(i + k + 1, ctx), ctx); + b_off = b_imm(i + k + 1, ctx); + if (is_bad_offset(b_off)) + return -E2BIG; + emit_b(b_off, ctx); emit_nop(ctx); break; case BPF_JMP | BPF_JEQ | BPF_K: @@ -1056,12 +1073,16 @@ static int build_body(struct jit_ctx *ctx) break; case BPF_RET | BPF_A: ctx->flags |= SEEN_A; - if (i != prog->len - 1) + if (i != prog->len - 1) { /* * If this is not the last instruction * then jump to the epilogue */ - emit_b(b_imm(prog->len, ctx), ctx); + b_off = b_imm(prog->len, ctx); + if (is_bad_offset(b_off)) + return -E2BIG; + emit_b(b_off, ctx); + } emit_reg_move(r_ret, r_A, ctx); /* delay slot */ break; case BPF_RET | BPF_K: @@ -1075,7 +1096,10 @@ static int build_body(struct jit_ctx *ctx) * If this is not the last instruction * then jump to the epilogue */ - emit_b(b_imm(prog->len, ctx), ctx); + b_off = b_imm(prog->len, ctx); + if (is_bad_offset(b_off)) + return -E2BIG; + emit_b(b_off, ctx); emit_nop(ctx); } break; @@ -1133,8 +1157,10 @@ static int build_body(struct jit_ctx *ctx) /* Load *dev pointer */ emit_load_ptr(r_s0, r_skb, off, ctx); /* error (0) in the delay slot */ - emit_bcond(MIPS_COND_EQ, r_s0, r_zero, - b_imm(prog->len, ctx), ctx); + b_off = b_imm(prog->len, ctx); + if (is_bad_offset(b_off)) + return -E2BIG; + emit_bcond(MIPS_COND_EQ, r_s0, r_zero, b_off, ctx); emit_reg_move(r_ret, r_zero, ctx); if (code == (BPF_ANC | SKF_AD_IFINDEX)) { BUILD_BUG_ON(FIELD_SIZEOF(struct net_device, ifindex) != 4); @@ -1244,7 +1270,10 @@ void bpf_jit_compile(struct bpf_prog *fp)
/* Generate the actual JIT code */ build_prologue(&ctx); - build_body(&ctx); + if (build_body(&ctx)) { + module_memfree(ctx.target); + goto out; + } build_epilogue(&ctx);
/* Update the icache */