From: Nadav Amit namit@vmware.com
[ Upstream commit f2c65fb3221adc6b73b0549fc7ba892022db9797 ]
When modules and BPF filters are loaded, there is a time window in which some memory is both writable and executable. An attacker that has already found another vulnerability (e.g., a dangling pointer) might be able to exploit this behavior to overwrite kernel code. Prevent having writable executable PTEs in this stage.
In addition, avoiding having W+X mappings can also slightly simplify the patching of modules code on initialization (e.g., by alternatives and static-key), as would be done in the next patch. This was actually the main motivation for this patch.
To avoid having W+X mappings, set them initially as RW (NX) and after they are set as RO set them as X as well. Setting them as executable is done as a separate step to avoid one core in which the old PTE is cached (hence writable), and another which sees the updated PTE (executable), which would break the W^X protection.
Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner tglx@linutronix.de Suggested-by: Andy Lutomirski luto@amacapital.net Signed-off-by: Nadav Amit namit@vmware.com Signed-off-by: Rick Edgecombe rick.p.edgecombe@intel.com Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) peterz@infradead.org Cc: akpm@linux-foundation.org Cc: ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org Cc: deneen.t.dock@intel.com Cc: kernel-hardening@lists.openwall.com Cc: kristen@linux.intel.com Cc: linux_dti@icloud.com Cc: will.deacon@arm.com Cc: Andy Lutomirski luto@kernel.org Cc: Borislav Petkov bp@alien8.de Cc: Dave Hansen dave.hansen@intel.com Cc: H. Peter Anvin hpa@zytor.com Cc: Jessica Yu jeyu@kernel.org Cc: Kees Cook keescook@chromium.org Cc: Linus Torvalds torvalds@linux-foundation.org Cc: Masami Hiramatsu mhiramat@kernel.org Cc: Rik van Riel riel@surriel.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190426001143.4983-12-namit@vmware.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar mingo@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin sashal@kernel.org --- arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c | 28 +++++++++++++++++++++------- arch/x86/kernel/module.c | 2 +- include/linux/filter.h | 1 + kernel/module.c | 5 +++++ 4 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c b/arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c index b9d5e7c9ef43e..918a23704c0c5 100644 --- a/arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c @@ -662,15 +662,29 @@ void __init alternative_instructions(void) * handlers seeing an inconsistent instruction while you patch. */ void *__init_or_module text_poke_early(void *addr, const void *opcode, - size_t len) + size_t len) { unsigned long flags; - local_irq_save(flags); - memcpy(addr, opcode, len); - local_irq_restore(flags); - sync_core(); - /* Could also do a CLFLUSH here to speed up CPU recovery; but - that causes hangs on some VIA CPUs. */ + + if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_NX) && + is_module_text_address((unsigned long)addr)) { + /* + * Modules text is marked initially as non-executable, so the + * code cannot be running and speculative code-fetches are + * prevented. Just change the code. + */ + memcpy(addr, opcode, len); + } else { + local_irq_save(flags); + memcpy(addr, opcode, len); + local_irq_restore(flags); + sync_core(); + + /* + * Could also do a CLFLUSH here to speed up CPU recovery; but + * that causes hangs on some VIA CPUs. + */ + } return addr; }
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/module.c b/arch/x86/kernel/module.c index f58336af095c9..6645f123419c6 100644 --- a/arch/x86/kernel/module.c +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/module.c @@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ void *module_alloc(unsigned long size) p = __vmalloc_node_range(size, MODULE_ALIGN, MODULES_VADDR + get_module_load_offset(), MODULES_END, GFP_KERNEL, - PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC, 0, NUMA_NO_NODE, + PAGE_KERNEL, 0, NUMA_NO_NODE, __builtin_return_address(0)); if (p && (kasan_module_alloc(p, size) < 0)) { vfree(p); diff --git a/include/linux/filter.h b/include/linux/filter.h index 037610845892b..6afc2e2d5aeda 100644 --- a/include/linux/filter.h +++ b/include/linux/filter.h @@ -684,6 +684,7 @@ static inline void bpf_prog_unlock_ro(struct bpf_prog *fp) static inline void bpf_jit_binary_lock_ro(struct bpf_binary_header *hdr) { set_memory_ro((unsigned long)hdr, hdr->pages); + set_memory_x((unsigned long)hdr, hdr->pages); }
static inline void bpf_jit_binary_unlock_ro(struct bpf_binary_header *hdr) diff --git a/kernel/module.c b/kernel/module.c index 38bf28b5cc202..f797c6ace7121 100644 --- a/kernel/module.c +++ b/kernel/module.c @@ -1949,8 +1949,13 @@ void module_enable_ro(const struct module *mod, bool after_init) return;
frob_text(&mod->core_layout, set_memory_ro); + frob_text(&mod->core_layout, set_memory_x); + frob_rodata(&mod->core_layout, set_memory_ro); + frob_text(&mod->init_layout, set_memory_ro); + frob_text(&mod->init_layout, set_memory_x); + frob_rodata(&mod->init_layout, set_memory_ro);
if (after_init)