From: Ada Couprie Diaz ada.coupriediaz@arm.com
[ Upstream commit d42e6c20de6192f8e4ab4cf10be8c694ef27e8cb ]
`cpu_switch_to()` and `call_on_irq_stack()` manipulate SP to change to different stacks along with the Shadow Call Stack if it is enabled. Those two stack changes cannot be done atomically and both functions can be interrupted by SErrors or Debug Exceptions which, though unlikely, is very much broken : if interrupted, we can end up with mismatched stacks and Shadow Call Stack leading to clobbered stacks.
In `cpu_switch_to()`, it can happen when SP_EL0 points to the new task, but x18 stills points to the old task's SCS. When the interrupt handler tries to save the task's SCS pointer, it will save the old task SCS pointer (x18) into the new task struct (pointed to by SP_EL0), clobbering it.
In `call_on_irq_stack()`, it can happen when switching from the task stack to the IRQ stack and when switching back. In both cases, we can be interrupted when the SCS pointer points to the IRQ SCS, but SP points to the task stack. The nested interrupt handler pushes its return addresses on the IRQ SCS. It then detects that SP points to the task stack, calls `call_on_irq_stack()` and clobbers the task SCS pointer with the IRQ SCS pointer, which it will also use !
This leads to tasks returning to addresses on the wrong SCS, or even on the IRQ SCS, triggering kernel panics via CONFIG_VMAP_STACK or FPAC if enabled.
This is possible on a default config, but unlikely. However, when enabling CONFIG_ARM64_PSEUDO_NMI, DAIF is unmasked and instead the GIC is responsible for filtering what interrupts the CPU should receive based on priority. Given the goal of emulating NMIs, pseudo-NMIs can be received by the CPU even in `cpu_switch_to()` and `call_on_irq_stack()`, possibly *very* frequently depending on the system configuration and workload, leading to unpredictable kernel panics.
Completely mask DAIF in `cpu_switch_to()` and restore it when returning. Do the same in `call_on_irq_stack()`, but restore and mask around the branch. Mask DAIF even if CONFIG_SHADOW_CALL_STACK is not enabled for consistency of behaviour between all configurations.
Introduce and use an assembly macro for saving and masking DAIF, as the existing one saves but only masks IF.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Ada Couprie Diaz ada.coupriediaz@arm.com Reported-by: Cristian Prundeanu cpru@amazon.com Fixes: 59b37fe52f49 ("arm64: Stash shadow stack pointer in the task struct on interrupt") Tested-by: Cristian Prundeanu cpru@amazon.com Acked-by: Will Deacon will@kernel.org Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250718142814.133329-1-ada.coupriediaz@arm.com Signed-off-by: Will Deacon will@kernel.org [ removed duplicate save_and_disable_daif macro ] Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin sashal@kernel.org --- arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S | 6 ++++++ 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S b/arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S index bdc5f744249b..d0882ce3d97d 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S @@ -833,6 +833,7 @@ SYM_CODE_END(__bp_harden_el1_vectors) * */ SYM_FUNC_START(cpu_switch_to) + save_and_disable_daif x11 mov x10, #THREAD_CPU_CONTEXT add x8, x0, x10 mov x9, sp @@ -856,6 +857,7 @@ SYM_FUNC_START(cpu_switch_to) ptrauth_keys_install_kernel x1, x8, x9, x10 scs_save x0 scs_load_current + restore_irq x11 ret SYM_FUNC_END(cpu_switch_to) NOKPROBE(cpu_switch_to) @@ -882,6 +884,7 @@ NOKPROBE(ret_from_fork) * Calls func(regs) using this CPU's irq stack and shadow irq stack. */ SYM_FUNC_START(call_on_irq_stack) + save_and_disable_daif x9 #ifdef CONFIG_SHADOW_CALL_STACK get_current_task x16 scs_save x16 @@ -896,8 +899,10 @@ SYM_FUNC_START(call_on_irq_stack)
/* Move to the new stack and call the function there */ add sp, x16, #IRQ_STACK_SIZE + restore_irq x9 blr x1
+ save_and_disable_daif x9 /* * Restore the SP from the FP, and restore the FP and LR from the frame * record. @@ -905,6 +910,7 @@ SYM_FUNC_START(call_on_irq_stack) mov sp, x29 ldp x29, x30, [sp], #16 scs_load_current + restore_irq x9 ret SYM_FUNC_END(call_on_irq_stack) NOKPROBE(call_on_irq_stack)