Re: [PATCH 1/4] cpufreq: qcom-nvmem: Handling multiple power domains

Hi Uffe,

On Mon, Oct 16, 2023 at 04:47:52PM +0200, Ulf Hansson wrote:

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• MSM8916 (CPR+RPMPD): https://github.com/msm8916-mainline/linux/commit/8880f39108206d7a60a0a8351c0...

This looks a bit odd to me. Does a CPU really have four different power-domains, where three of them are performance-domains?

Good question. I think we're largely entering "uncharted territory" with these questions, I can just try to answer it the best I can from the limited documentation and knowledge I have. :)

The CPU does indeed use four different power domains. There also seem to be additional power switches that gate power for some components without having to turn off the entire supply.

I'll list them twice from two points of view: Once mapping component -> power domain, then again showing each power domain separately to make it more clear. At the end I also want to make clear that MSM8909 (with the "single" power domain) is actually exactly the same SoC design, just with different regulators supplying the power domains.

It's totally fine if you just skim over it. I'm listing it in detail also as reference for myself. :D

# Components

• SoC
  • CPU subsystem ("APPS")
    • CPU cluster
      • 4x CPU core (logic and L1 cache) -> VDD_APC
      • Shared L2 cache
        • Logic -> VDD_APC
        • Memory -> VDD_MX
    • CPU clock controller (logic) -> VDD_CX
      • Provides CPU frequency from different clock sources
      • L2 cache runs at 1/2 of CPU frequency
      => Both VDD_APC and VDD_MX must be scaled based on frequency
    • CPU PLL clock source
      • Generates the higher (GHz) CPU frequencies
      • Logic (?, unsure) -> VDD_CX
      • ??? -> VDD_SR2_APPS_PLL
      => VDD_CX must be scaled based on PLL frequency

# Power Domains ## VDD_APC

• dedicated for CPU

• powered off completely in deepest cluster cpuidle state

• per-core power switch (per-core cpuidle)

  • CPU logic
  • L1 cache controller/logic and maybe memory(?, unsure)

• shared L2 cache controller/logic

=> must be scaled based on CPU frequency

## VDD_MX

• global SoC power domain for "on-chip memories"

• always on, reduced to minimal voltage when entire SoC is idle

• power switch (controlled by deepest cluster cpuidle state?, unsure)

  • L2 cache memory

=> must be scaled based on L2 frequency (=> 1/2 CPU frequency)

## VDD_CX

• global SoC power domain for "digital logic"

• always on, reduced to minimal voltage when entire SoC is idle

• voting for VDD_CX in the RPM firmware also affects VDD_MX performance state (firmware implicitly sets VDD_MX >= VDD_CX)

• CPU clock controller logic, CPU PLL logic(?, unsure)

=> must be scaled based on CPU PLL frequency

## VDD_SR2_APPS_PLL

• global SoC power domain for CPU clock PLLs
• on MSM8916: always on with constant voltage

=> ignored in Linux at the moment

# Power Domain Regulators These power domains are literally input pins on the SoC chip. In theory one could connect any suitable regulator to each of those. In practice there are just a couple of standard reference designs that everyone uses:

## MSM8916 (SoC) + PM8916 (PMIC) We need to scale 3 power domains together with cpufreq:

• VDD_APC (CPU logic) = &pm8916_spmi_s2 (via CPR)
• VDD_MX (L2 memory) = &pm8916_l3 (via RPMPD: MSM8916_VDDMX)
• VDD_CX (CPU PLL) = &pm8916_s1 (via RPMPD: MSM8916_VDDCX)

## MSM8909 (SoC) + PM8909 (PMIC) We need to scale 1 power domain together with cpufreq:

• VDD_APC = VDD_CX = &pm8909_s1 (via RPMPD: MSM8909_VDDCX) (CPU logic, L2 logic and CPU PLL)

(- VDD_MX (L2 memory) = &pm8909_l3 (RPM firmware enforces VDD_MX >= VDD_CX))

There is implicit magic in the RPM firmware here that saves us from scaling VDD_MX. VDD_CX/APC are the same power rail.

## MSM8909 (SoC) + PM8916 (PMIC) When MSM8909 is paired with PM8916 instead of PM8909, the setup is identical to MSM8916+PM8916. We need to scale 3 power domains.

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In a way it sounds like an option could be to hook up the cpr to the rpmpd:s instead (possibly even set it as a child-domains to the rpmpd:s), assuming that is a better description of the HW, which it may not be, of course.

Hm. It's definitely an option. I must admit I haven't really looked much at child-domains so far, so spontaneously I'm not sure about the implications, for both the abstract hardware description and the implementation.

There seems to be indeed some kind of relation between MX <=> CX/APC:

• When voting for CX in the RPM firmware, it will always implicitly adjust the MX performance state to be MX >= CX.

• When scaling APC up, we must increase MX before APC.

• When scaling APC down, we must decrease MX after APC.

=> Clearly MX >= APC. Not in terms of raw voltage, but at least for the abstract performance state.

Is this some kind of parent-child relationship between MX <=> CX and MX <=> APC?

Thanks for sharing the above. Yes, to me, it looks like there is a parent/child-domain relationship that could be worth describing/using.

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If yes, maybe we could indeed bind MX to the CPR genpd somehow. They use different performance state numbering, so we need some kind of translation. I'm not entirely sure how that would be described.

Both the power-domain and the required-opps DT bindings (Documentation/devicetree/bindings/opp/opp-v2-base.yaml) are already allowing us to describe these kinds of hierarchical dependencies/layouts.

In other words, to scale performance for a child domain, the child may rely on that we scale performance for the parent domain too. This is already supported by genpd and through the opp library - so it should just work. :-)

I'm getting back to the "multiple power domains" case of MSM8916 now, as discussed above. I've tried modelling MX as parent genpd of CPR, to avoid having to scale multiple power domains as part of cpufreq.

Basically, it looks like the following:

cpr: power-controller@b018000 { compatible = "qcom,msm8916-cpr", "qcom,cpr"; reg = <0x0b018000 0x1000>; /* ... */ #power-domain-cells = <0>; operating-points-v2 = <&cpr_opp_table>; /* Supposed to be parent domain, not consumer */ power-domains = <&rpmpd MSM8916_VDDMX_AO>;

cpr_opp_table: opp-table { compatible = "operating-points-v2-qcom-level";

cpr_opp1: opp1 { opp-level = <1>; qcom,opp-fuse-level = <1>; required-opps = <&rpmpd_opp_svs_soc>; }; cpr_opp2: opp2 { opp-level = <2>; qcom,opp-fuse-level = <2>; required-opps = <&rpmpd_opp_nom>; }; cpr_opp3: opp3 { opp-level = <3>; qcom,opp-fuse-level = <3>; required-opps = <&rpmpd_opp_super_turbo>; }; }; };

As already discussed [1] it's a bit annoying that the genpd core attaches the power domain as consumer by default, but I work around this by calling of_genpd_add_subdomain() followed by dev_pm_domain_detach() in the CPR driver.

The actual scaling works fine, performance states of the MX power domain are updated when CPR performance state. I added some debug prints and it looks e.g. as follows (CPR is the power-controller@):

[ 24.498218] PM: mx_ao set performance state 6 [ 24.498788] PM: power-controller@b018000 set performance state 3 [ 24.511025] PM: mx_ao set performance state 3 [ 24.511526] PM: power-controller@b018000 set performance state 1 [ 24.521189] PM: mx_ao set performance state 4 [ 24.521660] PM: power-controller@b018000 set performance state 2 [ 24.533183] PM: mx_ao set performance state 6 [ 24.533535] PM: power-controller@b018000 set performance state 3

There is one remaining problem here: Consider e.g. the switch from CPR performance state 3 -> 1. In both cases the parent genpd state is set *before* the child genpd. When scaling down, the parent genpd state must be reduced *after* the child genpd. Otherwise, we can't guarantee that the parent genpd state is always >= of the child state.

In the OPP core, the order of such operations is always chosen based on whether we are scaling up or down. When scaling up, power domain states are set before the frequency is changed, and the other way around for scaling down.

Is this something you could imagine changing in the GENPD core, either unconditionally for everyone, or as an option?

I tried to hack this in for a quick test and came up with the following (the diff is unreadable so I'll just post the entire changed (_genpd_set_performance_state() function). Admittedly it's a bit ugly.

With these changes the sequence from above looks more like:

[ 22.374555] PM: mx_ao set performance state 6 [ 22.375175] PM: power-controller@b018000 set performance state 3 [ 22.424661] PM: power-controller@b018000 set performance state 1 [ 22.425169] PM: mx_ao set performance state 3 [ 22.434932] PM: mx_ao set performance state 4 [ 22.435331] PM: power-controller@b018000 set performance state 2 [ 22.461197] PM: mx_ao set performance state 6 [ 22.461968] PM: power-controller@b018000 set performance state 3

Which is correct now.

Let me know if you have any thoughts about this. :-)

Thanks for taking the time to discuss this! Stephan

[1]: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-pm/CAPDyKFq+zsoeF-4h5TfT4Z+S46a501_pUq8y2c1x==...

static int _genpd_set_performance_state(struct generic_pm_domain *genpd, unsigned int state, int depth);

static void _genpd_rollback_parent_state(struct gpd_link *link, int depth) { struct generic_pm_domain *parent = link->parent; int parent_state;

genpd_lock_nested(parent, depth + 1);

parent_state = link->prev_performance_state; link->performance_state = parent_state;

parent_state = _genpd_reeval_performance_state(parent, parent_state); if (_genpd_set_performance_state(parent, parent_state, depth + 1)) { pr_err("%s: Failed to roll back to %d performance state\n", parent->name, parent_state); }

genpd_unlock(parent); }

static int _genpd_set_parent_state(struct generic_pm_domain *genpd, struct gpd_link *link, unsigned int state, int depth) { struct generic_pm_domain *parent = link->parent; int parent_state, ret;

/* Find parent's performance state */ ret = genpd_xlate_performance_state(genpd, parent, state); if (unlikely(ret < 0)) return ret;

parent_state = ret;

genpd_lock_nested(parent, depth + 1);

link->prev_performance_state = link->performance_state; link->performance_state = parent_state; parent_state = _genpd_reeval_performance_state(parent, parent_state); ret = _genpd_set_performance_state(parent, parent_state, depth + 1); if (ret) link->performance_state = link->prev_performance_state;

genpd_unlock(parent);

return ret; }

static int _genpd_set_performance_state(struct generic_pm_domain *genpd, unsigned int state, int depth) { struct gpd_link *link = NULL; int ret;

if (state == genpd->performance_state) return 0;

/* When scaling up, propagate to parents first in normal order */ if (state > genpd->performance_state) { list_for_each_entry(link, &genpd->child_links, child_node) { ret = _genpd_set_parent_state(genpd, link, state, depth); if (ret) goto rollback_parents_up; } }

if (genpd->set_performance_state) { pr_err("%s set performance state %d\n", genpd->name, state); ret = genpd->set_performance_state(genpd, state); if (ret) { if (link) goto rollback_parents_up; return ret; } }

/* When scaling down, propagate to parents after in reverse order */ if (state < genpd->performance_state) { list_for_each_entry_reverse(link, &genpd->child_links, child_node) { ret = _genpd_set_parent_state(genpd, link, state, depth); if (ret) goto rollback_parents_down; } }

genpd->performance_state = state; return 0;

rollback_parents_up: list_for_each_entry_continue_reverse(link, &genpd->child_links, child_node) _genpd_rollback_parent_state(link, depth); return ret; rollback_parents_down: list_for_each_entry_continue(link, &genpd->child_links, child_node) _genpd_rollback_parent_state(link, depth); return ret; }