Hello,
The following change seems to cause kexec to sometimes fail (not every time but about 50% chance) for the stable 6.1 kernels, 6.1.129 and later:
6821918f4519 ("x86/kexec: Allocate PGD for x86_64 transition page tables separately")
The commit message for that commit states that it is dependent on another change "x86/mm: Add _PAGE_NOPTISHADOW bit to avoid updating userspace page tables" but that change does not seem to have been done in the 6.1 kernel series, which could explain why the 6821918f4519 change causes problems for 6.1.
This appears to be a problem only for 6.1, for the 6.6 and later stable kernels there is no problem.
I think the reason this problem is seen only for 6.1 and not for 6.6 and later is that the change "x86/kexec: Allocate PGD for x86_64 transition page tables separately" relies on things that are not available in 6.1.
In the tests I have done, kexec is called via u-root. More details are available here: https://git.glasklar.is/system-transparency/core/stboot/-/issues/227
Cheers, Elias