From: Felix Huettner felix.huettner@mail.schwarz

[ Upstream commit 066b86787fa3d97b7aefb5ac0a99a22dad2d15f8 ]

assume the following setup on a single machine: 1. An openvswitch instance with one bridge and default flows 2. two network namespaces "server" and "client" 3. two ovs interfaces "server" and "client" on the bridge 4. for each ovs interface a veth pair with a matching name and 32 rx and tx queues 5. move the ends of the veth pairs to the respective network namespaces 6. assign ip addresses to each of the veth ends in the namespaces (needs to be the same subnet) 7. start some http server on the server network namespace 8. test if a client in the client namespace can reach the http server

when following the actions below the host has a chance of getting a cpu stuck in a infinite loop: 1. send a large amount of parallel requests to the http server (around 3000 curls should work) 2. in parallel delete the network namespace (do not delete interfaces or stop the server, just kill the namespace)

there is a low chance that this will cause the below kernel cpu stuck message. If this does not happen just retry. Below there is also the output of bpftrace for the functions mentioned in the output.

The series of events happening here is: 1. the network namespace is deleted calling `unregister_netdevice_many_notify` somewhere in the process 2. this sets first `NETREG_UNREGISTERING` on both ends of the veth and then runs `synchronize_net` 3. it then calls `call_netdevice_notifiers` with `NETDEV_UNREGISTER` 4. this is then handled by `dp_device_event` which calls `ovs_netdev_detach_dev` (if a vport is found, which is the case for the veth interface attached to ovs) 5. this removes the rx_handlers of the device but does not prevent packages to be sent to the device 6. `dp_device_event` then queues the vport deletion to work in background as a ovs_lock is needed that we do not hold in the unregistration path 7. `unregister_netdevice_many_notify` continues to call `netdev_unregister_kobject` which sets `real_num_tx_queues` to 0 8. port deletion continues (but details are not relevant for this issue) 9. at some future point the background task deletes the vport

If after 7. but before 9. a packet is send to the ovs vport (which is not deleted at this point in time) which forwards it to the `dev_queue_xmit` flow even though the device is unregistering. In `skb_tx_hash` (which is called in the `dev_queue_xmit`) path there is a while loop (if the packet has a rx_queue recorded) that is infinite if `dev->real_num_tx_queues` is zero.

To prevent this from happening we update `do_output` to handle devices without carrier the same as if the device is not found (which would be the code path after 9. is done).

Additionally we now produce a warning in `skb_tx_hash` if we will hit the infinite loop.

bpftrace (first word is function name):

__dev_queue_xmit server: real_num_tx_queues: 1, cpu: 2, pid: 28024, tid: 28024, skb_addr: 0xffff9edb6f207000, reg_state: 1 netdev_core_pick_tx server: addr: 0xffff9f0a46d4a000 real_num_tx_queues: 1, cpu: 2, pid: 28024, tid: 28024, skb_addr: 0xffff9edb6f207000, reg_state: 1 dp_device_event server: real_num_tx_queues: 1 cpu 9, pid: 21024, tid: 21024, event 2, reg_state: 1 synchronize_rcu_expedited: cpu 9, pid: 21024, tid: 21024 synchronize_rcu_expedited: cpu 9, pid: 21024, tid: 21024 synchronize_rcu_expedited: cpu 9, pid: 21024, tid: 21024 synchronize_rcu_expedited: cpu 9, pid: 21024, tid: 21024 dp_device_event server: real_num_tx_queues: 1 cpu 9, pid: 21024, tid: 21024, event 6, reg_state: 2 ovs_netdev_detach_dev server: real_num_tx_queues: 1 cpu 9, pid: 21024, tid: 21024, reg_state: 2 netdev_rx_handler_unregister server: real_num_tx_queues: 1, cpu: 9, pid: 21024, tid: 21024, reg_state: 2 synchronize_rcu_expedited: cpu 9, pid: 21024, tid: 21024 netdev_rx_handler_unregister ret server: real_num_tx_queues: 1, cpu: 9, pid: 21024, tid: 21024, reg_state: 2 dp_device_event server: real_num_tx_queues: 1 cpu 9, pid: 21024, tid: 21024, event 27, reg_state: 2 dp_device_event server: real_num_tx_queues: 1 cpu 9, pid: 21024, tid: 21024, event 22, reg_state: 2 dp_device_event server: real_num_tx_queues: 1 cpu 9, pid: 21024, tid: 21024, event 18, reg_state: 2 netdev_unregister_kobject: real_num_tx_queues: 1, cpu: 9, pid: 21024, tid: 21024 synchronize_rcu_expedited: cpu 9, pid: 21024, tid: 21024 ovs_vport_send server: real_num_tx_queues: 0, cpu: 2, pid: 28024, tid: 28024, skb_addr: 0xffff9edb6f207000, reg_state: 2 __dev_queue_xmit server: real_num_tx_queues: 0, cpu: 2, pid: 28024, tid: 28024, skb_addr: 0xffff9edb6f207000, reg_state: 2 netdev_core_pick_tx server: addr: 0xffff9f0a46d4a000 real_num_tx_queues: 0, cpu: 2, pid: 28024, tid: 28024, skb_addr: 0xffff9edb6f207000, reg_state: 2 broken device server: real_num_tx_queues: 0, cpu: 2, pid: 28024, tid: 28024 ovs_dp_detach_port server: real_num_tx_queues: 0 cpu 9, pid: 9124, tid: 9124, reg_state: 2 synchronize_rcu_expedited: cpu 9, pid: 33604, tid: 33604

stuck message:

watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#5 stuck for 26s! [curl:1929279] Modules linked in: veth pktgen bridge stp llc ip_set_hash_net nft_counter xt_set nft_compat nf_tables ip_set_hash_ip ip_set nfnetlink_cttimeout nfnetlink openvswitch nsh nf_conncount nf_nat nf_conntrack nf_defrag_ipv6 nf_defrag_ipv4 tls binfmt_misc nls_iso8859_1 input_leds joydev serio_raw dm_multipath scsi_dh_rdac scsi_dh_emc scsi_dh_alua sch_fq_codel drm efi_pstore virtio_rng ip_tables x_tables autofs4 btrfs blake2b_generic zstd_compress raid10 raid456 async_raid6_recov async_memcpy async_pq async_xor async_tx xor raid6_pq libcrc32c raid1 raid0 multipath linear hid_generic usbhid hid crct10dif_pclmul crc32_pclmul ghash_clmulni_intel aesni_intel virtio_net ahci net_failover crypto_simd cryptd psmouse libahci virtio_blk failover CPU: 5 PID: 1929279 Comm: curl Not tainted 5.15.0-67-generic #74-Ubuntu Hardware name: OpenStack Foundation OpenStack Nova, BIOS rel-1.16.0-0-gd239552ce722-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:netdev_pick_tx+0xf1/0x320 Code: 00 00 8d 48 ff 0f b7 c1 66 39 ca 0f 86 e9 01 00 00 45 0f b7 ff 41 39 c7 0f 87 5b 01 00 00 44 29 f8 41 39 c7 0f 87 4f 01 00 00 <eb> f2 0f 1f 44 00 00 49 8b 94 24 28 04 00 00 48 85 d2 0f 84 53 01 RSP: 0018:ffffb78b40298820 EFLAGS: 00000246 RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffff9c8773adc2e0 RCX: 000000000000083f RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffff9c8773adc2e0 RDI: ffff9c870a25e000 RBP: ffffb78b40298858 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffff9c870a25e000 R13: ffff9c870a25e000 R14: ffff9c87fe043480 R15: 0000000000000000 FS: 00007f7b80008f00(0000) GS:ffff9c8e5f740000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 00007f7b80f6a0b0 CR3: 0000000329d66000 CR4: 0000000000350ee0 Call Trace: <IRQ> netdev_core_pick_tx+0xa4/0xb0 __dev_queue_xmit+0xf8/0x510 ? __bpf_prog_exit+0x1e/0x30 dev_queue_xmit+0x10/0x20 ovs_vport_send+0xad/0x170 [openvswitch] do_output+0x59/0x180 [openvswitch] do_execute_actions+0xa80/0xaa0 [openvswitch] ? kfree+0x1/0x250 ? kfree+0x1/0x250 ? kprobe_perf_func+0x4f/0x2b0 ? flow_lookup.constprop.0+0x5c/0x110 [openvswitch] ovs_execute_actions+0x4c/0x120 [openvswitch] ovs_dp_process_packet+0xa1/0x200 [openvswitch] ? ovs_ct_update_key.isra.0+0xa8/0x120 [openvswitch] ? ovs_ct_fill_key+0x1d/0x30 [openvswitch] ? ovs_flow_key_extract+0x2db/0x350 [openvswitch] ovs_vport_receive+0x77/0xd0 [openvswitch] ? __htab_map_lookup_elem+0x4e/0x60 ? bpf_prog_680e8aff8547aec1_kfree+0x3b/0x714 ? trace_call_bpf+0xc8/0x150 ? kfree+0x1/0x250 ? kfree+0x1/0x250 ? kprobe_perf_func+0x4f/0x2b0 ? kprobe_perf_func+0x4f/0x2b0 ? __mod_memcg_lruvec_state+0x63/0xe0 netdev_port_receive+0xc4/0x180 [openvswitch] ? netdev_port_receive+0x180/0x180 [openvswitch] netdev_frame_hook+0x1f/0x40 [openvswitch] __netif_receive_skb_core.constprop.0+0x23d/0xf00 __netif_receive_skb_one_core+0x3f/0xa0 __netif_receive_skb+0x15/0x60 process_backlog+0x9e/0x170 __napi_poll+0x33/0x180 net_rx_action+0x126/0x280 ? ttwu_do_activate+0x72/0xf0 __do_softirq+0xd9/0x2e7 ? rcu_report_exp_cpu_mult+0x1b0/0x1b0 do_softirq+0x7d/0xb0 </IRQ> <TASK> __local_bh_enable_ip+0x54/0x60 ip_finish_output2+0x191/0x460 __ip_finish_output+0xb7/0x180 ip_finish_output+0x2e/0xc0 ip_output+0x78/0x100 ? __ip_finish_output+0x180/0x180 ip_local_out+0x5e/0x70 __ip_queue_xmit+0x184/0x440 ? tcp_syn_options+0x1f9/0x300 ip_queue_xmit+0x15/0x20 __tcp_transmit_skb+0x910/0x9c0 ? __mod_memcg_state+0x44/0xa0 tcp_connect+0x437/0x4e0 ? ktime_get_with_offset+0x60/0xf0 tcp_v4_connect+0x436/0x530 __inet_stream_connect+0xd4/0x3a0 ? kprobe_perf_func+0x4f/0x2b0 ? aa_sk_perm+0x43/0x1c0 inet_stream_connect+0x3b/0x60 __sys_connect_file+0x63/0x70 __sys_connect+0xa6/0xd0 ? setfl+0x108/0x170 ? do_fcntl+0xe8/0x5a0 __x64_sys_connect+0x18/0x20 do_syscall_64+0x5c/0xc0 ? __x64_sys_fcntl+0xa9/0xd0 ? exit_to_user_mode_prepare+0x37/0xb0 ? syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0x27/0x50 ? do_syscall_64+0x69/0xc0 ? __sys_setsockopt+0xea/0x1e0 ? exit_to_user_mode_prepare+0x37/0xb0 ? syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0x27/0x50 ? __x64_sys_setsockopt+0x1f/0x30 ? do_syscall_64+0x69/0xc0 ? irqentry_exit+0x1d/0x30 ? exc_page_fault+0x89/0x170 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x61/0xcb RIP: 0033:0x7f7b8101c6a7 Code: 64 89 01 48 83 c8 ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 90 f3 0f 1e fa 64 8b 04 25 18 00 00 00 85 c0 75 10 b8 2a 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 51 c3 48 83 ec 18 89 54 24 0c 48 89 34 24 89 RSP: 002b:00007ffffd6b2198 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 000000000000002a RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 00007f7b8101c6a7 RDX: 0000000000000010 RSI: 00007ffffd6b2360 RDI: 0000000000000005 RBP: 0000561f1370d560 R08: 00002795ad21d1ac R09: 0030312e302e302e R10: 00007ffffd73f080 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000561f1370c410 R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 0000000000000005 R15: 0000000000000000 </TASK>

Fixes: 7f8a436eaa2c ("openvswitch: Add conntrack action") Co-developed-by: Luca Czesla luca.czesla@mail.schwarz Signed-off-by: Luca Czesla luca.czesla@mail.schwarz Signed-off-by: Felix Huettner felix.huettner@mail.schwarz Reviewed-by: Eric Dumazet edumazet@google.com Reviewed-by: Simon Horman simon.horman@corigine.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/ZC0pBXBAgh7c76CA@kernel-bug-kernel-bug Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski kuba@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Carlos Soto carlos.soto@broadcom.com Signed-off-by: Florian Fainelli florian.fainelli@broadcom.com --- net/core/dev.c | 1 + net/openvswitch/actions.c | 2 +- 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/net/core/dev.c b/net/core/dev.c index 81f9fd0c5830..2f7bd1fe5851 100644 --- a/net/core/dev.c +++ b/net/core/dev.c @@ -3231,6 +3231,7 @@ static u16 skb_tx_hash(const struct net_device *dev, }

if (skb_rx_queue_recorded(skb)) { + BUILD_BUG_ON_INVALID(qcount == 0); hash = skb_get_rx_queue(skb); if (hash >= qoffset) hash -= qoffset; diff --git a/net/openvswitch/actions.c b/net/openvswitch/actions.c index 85af0e9e0ac6..9b07e2172c94 100644 --- a/net/openvswitch/actions.c +++ b/net/openvswitch/actions.c @@ -913,7 +913,7 @@ static void do_output(struct datapath *dp, struct sk_buff *skb, int out_port, { struct vport *vport = ovs_vport_rcu(dp, out_port);

- if (likely(vport)) { + if (likely(vport && netif_carrier_ok(vport->dev))) { u16 mru = OVS_CB(skb)->mru; u32 cutlen = OVS_CB(skb)->cutlen;

From: Ilya Maximets i.maximets@ovn.org

[ Upstream commit 47e55e4b410f7d552e43011baa5be1aab4093990 ]

Commit in a fixes tag attempted to fix the issue in the following sequence of calls:

do_output -> ovs_vport_send -> dev_queue_xmit -> __dev_queue_xmit -> netdev_core_pick_tx -> skb_tx_hash

When device is unregistering, the 'dev->real_num_tx_queues' goes to zero and the 'while (unlikely(hash >= qcount))' loop inside the 'skb_tx_hash' becomes infinite, locking up the core forever.

But unfortunately, checking just the carrier status is not enough to fix the issue, because some devices may still be in unregistering state while reporting carrier status OK.

One example of such device is a net/dummy. It sets carrier ON on start, but it doesn't implement .ndo_stop to set the carrier off. And it makes sense, because dummy doesn't really have a carrier. Therefore, while this device is unregistering, it's still easy to hit the infinite loop in the skb_tx_hash() from the OVS datapath. There might be other drivers that do the same, but dummy by itself is important for the OVS ecosystem, because it is frequently used as a packet sink for tcpdump while debugging OVS deployments. And when the issue is hit, the only way to recover is to reboot.

Fix that by also checking if the device is running. The running state is handled by the net core during unregistering, so it covers unregistering case better, and we don't really need to send packets to devices that are not running anyway.

While only checking the running state might be enough, the carrier check is preserved. The running and the carrier states seem disjoined throughout the code and different drivers. And other core functions like __dev_direct_xmit() check both before attempting to transmit a packet. So, it seems safer to check both flags in OVS as well.

Fixes: 066b86787fa3 ("net: openvswitch: fix race on port output") Reported-by: Friedrich Weber f.weber@proxmox.com Closes: https://mail.openvswitch.org/pipermail/ovs-discuss/2025-January/053423.html Signed-off-by: Ilya Maximets i.maximets@ovn.org Tested-by: Friedrich Weber f.weber@proxmox.com Reviewed-by: Aaron Conole aconole@redhat.com Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250109122225.4034688-1-i.maximets@ovn.org Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski kuba@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin sashal@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Carlos Soto carlos.soto@broadcom.com Signed-off-by: Florian Fainelli florian.fainelli@broadcom.com --- net/openvswitch/actions.c | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/net/openvswitch/actions.c b/net/openvswitch/actions.c index 9b07e2172c94..1f05fa85d295 100644 --- a/net/openvswitch/actions.c +++ b/net/openvswitch/actions.c @@ -913,7 +913,9 @@ static void do_output(struct datapath *dp, struct sk_buff *skb, int out_port, { struct vport *vport = ovs_vport_rcu(dp, out_port);

- if (likely(vport && netif_carrier_ok(vport->dev))) { + if (likely(vport && + netif_running(vport->dev) && + netif_carrier_ok(vport->dev))) { u16 mru = OVS_CB(skb)->mru; u32 cutlen = OVS_CB(skb)->cutlen;