The following commit has been merged into the x86/urgent branch of tip:

Commit-ID: 25a068b8e9a4eb193d755d58efcb3c98928636e0 Gitweb: https://git.kernel.org/tip/25a068b8e9a4eb193d755d58efcb3c98928636e0 Author: Dave Hansen dave.hansen@linux.intel.com AuthorDate: Thu, 05 Mar 2020 09:47:08 -08:00 Committer: Borislav Petkov bp@suse.de CommitterDate: Thu, 04 Feb 2021 19:36:31 +01:00

x86/apic: Add extra serialization for non-serializing MSRs

Jan Kiszka reported that the x2apic_wrmsr_fence() function uses a plain MFENCE while the Intel SDM (10.12.3 MSR Access in x2APIC Mode) calls for MFENCE; LFENCE.

Short summary: we have special MSRs that have weaker ordering than all the rest. Add fencing consistent with current SDM recommendations.

This is not known to cause any issues in practice, only in theory.

Longer story below:

The reason the kernel uses a different semantic is that the SDM changed (roughly in late 2017). The SDM changed because folks at Intel were auditing all of the recommended fences in the SDM and realized that the x2apic fences were insufficient.

Why was the pain MFENCE judged insufficient?

WRMSR itself is normally a serializing instruction. No fences are needed because the instruction itself serializes everything.

But, there are explicit exceptions for this serializing behavior written into the WRMSR instruction documentation for two classes of MSRs: IA32_TSC_DEADLINE and the X2APIC MSRs.

Back to x2apic: WRMSR is *not* serializing in this specific case. But why is MFENCE insufficient? MFENCE makes writes visible, but only affects load/store instructions. WRMSR is unfortunately not a load/store instruction and is unaffected by MFENCE. This means that a non-serializing WRMSR could be reordered by the CPU to execute before the writes made visible by the MFENCE have even occurred in the first place.

This means that an x2apic IPI could theoretically be triggered before there is any (visible) data to process.

Does this affect anything in practice? I honestly don't know. It seems quite possible that by the time an interrupt gets to consume the (not yet) MFENCE'd data, it has become visible, mostly by accident.

To be safe, add the SDM-recommended fences for all x2apic WRMSRs.

This also leaves open the question of the _other_ weakly-ordered WRMSR: MSR_IA32_TSC_DEADLINE. While it has the same ordering architecture as the x2APIC MSRs, it seems substantially less likely to be a problem in practice. While writes to the in-memory Local Vector Table (LVT) might theoretically be reordered with respect to a weakly-ordered WRMSR like TSC_DEADLINE, the SDM has this to say:

In x2APIC mode, the WRMSR instruction is used to write to the LVT entry. The processor ensures the ordering of this write and any subsequent WRMSR to the deadline; no fencing is required.

But, that might still leave xAPIC exposed. The safest thing to do for now is to add the extra, recommended LFENCE.

[ bp: Massage commit message, fix typos, drop accidentally added newline to tools/arch/x86/include/asm/barrier.h. ]

Reported-by: Jan Kiszka jan.kiszka@siemens.com Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen dave.hansen@linux.intel.com Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov bp@suse.de Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) peterz@infradead.org Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner tglx@linutronix.de Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200305174708.F77040DD@viggo.jf.intel.com --- arch/x86/include/asm/apic.h | 10 ---------- arch/x86/include/asm/barrier.h | 18 ++++++++++++++++++ arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c | 4 ++++ arch/x86/kernel/apic/x2apic_cluster.c | 6 ++++-- arch/x86/kernel/apic/x2apic_phys.c | 9 ++++++--- 5 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/apic.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/apic.h index 34cb3c1..412b51e 100644 --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/apic.h +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/apic.h @@ -197,16 +197,6 @@ static inline bool apic_needs_pit(void) { return true; } #endif /* !CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC */

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_X2APIC -/* - * Make previous memory operations globally visible before - * sending the IPI through x2apic wrmsr. We need a serializing instruction or - * mfence for this. - */ -static inline void x2apic_wrmsr_fence(void) -{ - asm volatile("mfence" : : : "memory"); -} - static inline void native_apic_msr_write(u32 reg, u32 v) { if (reg == APIC_DFR || reg == APIC_ID || reg == APIC_LDR || diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/barrier.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/barrier.h index 7f828fe..4819d5e 100644 --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/barrier.h +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/barrier.h @@ -84,4 +84,22 @@ do { \

#include <asm-generic/barrier.h>

+/* + * Make previous memory operations globally visible before + * a WRMSR. + * + * MFENCE makes writes visible, but only affects load/store + * instructions. WRMSR is unfortunately not a load/store + * instruction and is unaffected by MFENCE. The LFENCE ensures + * that the WRMSR is not reordered. + * + * Most WRMSRs are full serializing instructions themselves and + * do not require this barrier. This is only required for the + * IA32_TSC_DEADLINE and X2APIC MSRs. + */ +static inline void weak_wrmsr_fence(void) +{ + asm volatile("mfence; lfence" : : : "memory"); +} + #endif /* _ASM_X86_BARRIER_H */ diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c index 6bd20c0..7f4c081 100644 --- a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c @@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ #include <asm/perf_event.h> #include <asm/x86_init.h> #include <linux/atomic.h> +#include <asm/barrier.h> #include <asm/mpspec.h> #include <asm/i8259.h> #include <asm/proto.h> @@ -477,6 +478,9 @@ static int lapic_next_deadline(unsigned long delta, { u64 tsc;

+ /* This MSR is special and need a special fence: */ + weak_wrmsr_fence(); + tsc = rdtsc(); wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_TSC_DEADLINE, tsc + (((u64) delta) * TSC_DIVISOR)); return 0; diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/x2apic_cluster.c b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/x2apic_cluster.c index df6adc5..f4da9bb 100644 --- a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/x2apic_cluster.c +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/x2apic_cluster.c @@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ static void x2apic_send_IPI(int cpu, int vector) { u32 dest = per_cpu(x86_cpu_to_logical_apicid, cpu);

- x2apic_wrmsr_fence(); + /* x2apic MSRs are special and need a special fence: */ + weak_wrmsr_fence(); __x2apic_send_IPI_dest(dest, vector, APIC_DEST_LOGICAL); }

@@ -41,7 +42,8 @@ __x2apic_send_IPI_mask(const struct cpumask *mask, int vector, int apic_dest) unsigned long flags; u32 dest;

- x2apic_wrmsr_fence(); + /* x2apic MSRs are special and need a special fence: */ + weak_wrmsr_fence(); local_irq_save(flags);

tmpmsk = this_cpu_cpumask_var_ptr(ipi_mask); diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/x2apic_phys.c b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/x2apic_phys.c index 0e4e819..6bde05a 100644 --- a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/x2apic_phys.c +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/x2apic_phys.c @@ -43,7 +43,8 @@ static void x2apic_send_IPI(int cpu, int vector) { u32 dest = per_cpu(x86_cpu_to_apicid, cpu);

- x2apic_wrmsr_fence(); + /* x2apic MSRs are special and need a special fence: */ + weak_wrmsr_fence(); __x2apic_send_IPI_dest(dest, vector, APIC_DEST_PHYSICAL); }

@@ -54,7 +55,8 @@ __x2apic_send_IPI_mask(const struct cpumask *mask, int vector, int apic_dest) unsigned long this_cpu; unsigned long flags;

- x2apic_wrmsr_fence(); + /* x2apic MSRs are special and need a special fence: */ + weak_wrmsr_fence();

local_irq_save(flags);

@@ -125,7 +127,8 @@ void __x2apic_send_IPI_shorthand(int vector, u32 which) { unsigned long cfg = __prepare_ICR(which, vector, 0);

- x2apic_wrmsr_fence(); + /* x2apic MSRs are special and need a special fence: */ + weak_wrmsr_fence(); native_x2apic_icr_write(cfg, 0); }