It's possible to hit a NULL pointer exception while accessing the sb->s_group_info in ext4_validate_inode_bitmap(), when calling ext4_get_group_info().
EXT4-fs (loop0): warning: mounting unchecked fs, running e2fsck is recommended EXT4-fs error (device loop0): ext4_clear_blocks:866: inode #32: comm mount: attempt to clear invalid blocks 16777450 len 1 EXT4-fs error (device loop0): ext4_free_branches:1012: inode #32: comm mount: invalid indirect mapped block 1258291200 (level 1) EXT4-fs error (device loop0): ext4_free_branches:1012: inode #32: comm mount: invalid indirect mapped block 7379847 (level 2) BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000000 ... RIP: 0010:ext4_read_inode_bitmap+0x21b/0x5a0 ... Call Trace: <TASK> ext4_free_inode+0x172/0x5c0 ext4_evict_inode+0x4a5/0x730 evict+0xc1/0x1c0 ext4_setup_system_zone+0x2ea/0x380 ext4_fill_super+0x249f/0x3910 ? ext4_reconfigure+0x880/0x880 ? snprintf+0x49/0x60 ? ext4_reconfigure+0x880/0x880 get_tree_bdev+0x169/0x260 vfs_get_tree+0x16/0x70 path_mount+0x77d/0xa30 __x64_sys_mount+0x101/0x140 do_syscall_64+0x3c/0x80 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x46/0xb0
Fix the issue by adding an extra NULL check. And, while there, also ensure the right error code (-EFSCORRUPTED) is propagated to user-space. EUCLEAN is more informative than ENOMEM.
CC: stable@vger.kernel.org Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=216541 Signed-off-by: Luís Henriques lhenriques@suse.de --- fs/ext4/ext4.h | 17 ++++++++++------- fs/ext4/ialloc.c | 2 +- fs/ext4/indirect.c | 14 ++++++++++++-- 3 files changed, 23 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)
diff --git a/fs/ext4/ext4.h b/fs/ext4/ext4.h index 3bf9a6926798..91317f592999 100644 --- a/fs/ext4/ext4.h +++ b/fs/ext4/ext4.h @@ -3323,13 +3323,16 @@ static inline struct ext4_group_info *ext4_get_group_info(struct super_block *sb, ext4_group_t group) { - struct ext4_group_info **grp_info; - long indexv, indexh; - BUG_ON(group >= EXT4_SB(sb)->s_groups_count); - indexv = group >> (EXT4_DESC_PER_BLOCK_BITS(sb)); - indexh = group & ((EXT4_DESC_PER_BLOCK(sb)) - 1); - grp_info = sbi_array_rcu_deref(EXT4_SB(sb), s_group_info, indexv); - return grp_info[indexh]; + struct ext4_group_info **grp_info; + long indexv, indexh; + + BUG_ON(group >= EXT4_SB(sb)->s_groups_count); + if (!EXT4_SB(sb)->s_group_info) + return NULL; + indexv = group >> (EXT4_DESC_PER_BLOCK_BITS(sb)); + indexh = group & ((EXT4_DESC_PER_BLOCK(sb)) - 1); + grp_info = sbi_array_rcu_deref(EXT4_SB(sb), s_group_info, indexv); + return grp_info[indexh]; }
/* diff --git a/fs/ext4/ialloc.c b/fs/ext4/ialloc.c index 208b87ce8858..0e8d35d05b69 100644 --- a/fs/ext4/ialloc.c +++ b/fs/ext4/ialloc.c @@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ static int ext4_validate_inode_bitmap(struct super_block *sb,
if (buffer_verified(bh)) return 0; - if (EXT4_MB_GRP_IBITMAP_CORRUPT(grp)) + if (!grp || EXT4_MB_GRP_IBITMAP_CORRUPT(grp)) return -EFSCORRUPTED;
ext4_lock_group(sb, block_group); diff --git a/fs/ext4/indirect.c b/fs/ext4/indirect.c index 860fc5119009..e5ac5c2363df 100644 --- a/fs/ext4/indirect.c +++ b/fs/ext4/indirect.c @@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ static Indirect *ext4_get_branch(struct inode *inode, int depth, struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb; Indirect *p = chain; struct buffer_head *bh; + unsigned int key; int ret = -EIO;
*err = 0; @@ -156,9 +157,18 @@ static Indirect *ext4_get_branch(struct inode *inode, int depth, if (!p->key) goto no_block; while (--depth) { - bh = sb_getblk(sb, le32_to_cpu(p->key)); + key = le32_to_cpu(p->key); + bh = sb_getblk(sb, key); if (unlikely(!bh)) { - ret = -ENOMEM; + /* + * sb_getblk() masks different errors by always + * returning NULL. Let's distinguish at least the case + * where the block is out of range. + */ + if (key > ext4_blocks_count(EXT4_SB(sb)->s_es)) + ret = -EFSCORRUPTED; + else + ret = -ENOMEM; goto failure; }
It's possible to hit a NULL pointer exception while accessing the sb->s_group_info in ext4_validate_inode_bitmap(), when calling ext4_get_group_info().
EXT4-fs (loop0): warning: mounting unchecked fs, running e2fsck is recommended EXT4-fs error (device loop0): ext4_clear_blocks:866: inode #32: comm mount: attempt to clear invalid blocks 16777450 len 1 EXT4-fs error (device loop0): ext4_free_branches:1012: inode #32: comm mount: invalid indirect mapped block 1258291200 (level 1) EXT4-fs error (device loop0): ext4_free_branches:1012: inode #32: comm mount: invalid indirect mapped block 7379847 (level 2) BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000000 ... RIP: 0010:ext4_read_inode_bitmap+0x21b/0x5a0 ... Call Trace: <TASK> ext4_free_inode+0x172/0x5c0 ext4_evict_inode+0x4a5/0x730 evict+0xc1/0x1c0 ext4_setup_system_zone+0x2ea/0x380 ext4_fill_super+0x249f/0x3910 ? ext4_reconfigure+0x880/0x880 ? snprintf+0x49/0x60 ? ext4_reconfigure+0x880/0x880 get_tree_bdev+0x169/0x260 vfs_get_tree+0x16/0x70 path_mount+0x77d/0xa30 __x64_sys_mount+0x101/0x140 do_syscall_64+0x3c/0x80 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x46/0xb0
This issue can be fixed by returning NULL in ext4_get_group_info() when ->s_group_info is NULL. This also requires checking the return code from ext4_get_group_info() when appropriate.
While there, also ensure the right error code (-EFSCORRUPTED) is propagated to user-space. EUCLEAN is more informative than ENOMEM.
CC: stable@vger.kernel.org Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=216541 Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=216539 Signed-off-by: Luís Henriques lhenriques@suse.de ---
* Changes since v1:
I found out another bugzilla with the same issue (#216539), but on a different place. The pattern was the same: a call to ext4_get_group_info() followed by a EXT4_MB_GRP_*_CORRUPT check. I've grep'ed the code and added the same check in (hopefully) all of them.
fs/ext4/balloc.c | 2 +- fs/ext4/ext4.h | 17 ++++++++++------- fs/ext4/ialloc.c | 6 +++--- fs/ext4/indirect.c | 14 ++++++++++++-- fs/ext4/mballoc.c | 9 +++++---- 5 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)
diff --git a/fs/ext4/balloc.c b/fs/ext4/balloc.c index 8ff4b9192a9f..1af1fc8b1891 100644 --- a/fs/ext4/balloc.c +++ b/fs/ext4/balloc.c @@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ static int ext4_validate_block_bitmap(struct super_block *sb,
if (buffer_verified(bh)) return 0; - if (EXT4_MB_GRP_BBITMAP_CORRUPT(grp)) + if (!grp || EXT4_MB_GRP_BBITMAP_CORRUPT(grp)) return -EFSCORRUPTED;
ext4_lock_group(sb, block_group); diff --git a/fs/ext4/ext4.h b/fs/ext4/ext4.h index e5f2f5ca5120..1c8b5876a28a 100644 --- a/fs/ext4/ext4.h +++ b/fs/ext4/ext4.h @@ -3324,13 +3324,16 @@ static inline struct ext4_group_info *ext4_get_group_info(struct super_block *sb, ext4_group_t group) { - struct ext4_group_info **grp_info; - long indexv, indexh; - BUG_ON(group >= EXT4_SB(sb)->s_groups_count); - indexv = group >> (EXT4_DESC_PER_BLOCK_BITS(sb)); - indexh = group & ((EXT4_DESC_PER_BLOCK(sb)) - 1); - grp_info = sbi_array_rcu_deref(EXT4_SB(sb), s_group_info, indexv); - return grp_info[indexh]; + struct ext4_group_info **grp_info; + long indexv, indexh; + + BUG_ON(group >= EXT4_SB(sb)->s_groups_count); + if (!EXT4_SB(sb)->s_group_info) + return NULL; + indexv = group >> (EXT4_DESC_PER_BLOCK_BITS(sb)); + indexh = group & ((EXT4_DESC_PER_BLOCK(sb)) - 1); + grp_info = sbi_array_rcu_deref(EXT4_SB(sb), s_group_info, indexv); + return grp_info[indexh]; }
/* diff --git a/fs/ext4/ialloc.c b/fs/ext4/ialloc.c index 208b87ce8858..079b9c3af327 100644 --- a/fs/ext4/ialloc.c +++ b/fs/ext4/ialloc.c @@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ static int ext4_validate_inode_bitmap(struct super_block *sb,
if (buffer_verified(bh)) return 0; - if (EXT4_MB_GRP_IBITMAP_CORRUPT(grp)) + if (!grp || EXT4_MB_GRP_IBITMAP_CORRUPT(grp)) return -EFSCORRUPTED;
ext4_lock_group(sb, block_group); @@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ void ext4_free_inode(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode) } if (!(sbi->s_mount_state & EXT4_FC_REPLAY)) { grp = ext4_get_group_info(sb, block_group); - if (unlikely(EXT4_MB_GRP_IBITMAP_CORRUPT(grp))) { + if (unlikely(!grp || EXT4_MB_GRP_IBITMAP_CORRUPT(grp))) { fatal = -EFSCORRUPTED; goto error_return; } @@ -1048,7 +1048,7 @@ struct inode *__ext4_new_inode(struct user_namespace *mnt_userns, * Skip groups with already-known suspicious inode * tables */ - if (EXT4_MB_GRP_IBITMAP_CORRUPT(grp)) + if (!grp || EXT4_MB_GRP_IBITMAP_CORRUPT(grp)) goto next_group; }
diff --git a/fs/ext4/indirect.c b/fs/ext4/indirect.c index 860fc5119009..e5ac5c2363df 100644 --- a/fs/ext4/indirect.c +++ b/fs/ext4/indirect.c @@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ static Indirect *ext4_get_branch(struct inode *inode, int depth, struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb; Indirect *p = chain; struct buffer_head *bh; + unsigned int key; int ret = -EIO;
*err = 0; @@ -156,9 +157,18 @@ static Indirect *ext4_get_branch(struct inode *inode, int depth, if (!p->key) goto no_block; while (--depth) { - bh = sb_getblk(sb, le32_to_cpu(p->key)); + key = le32_to_cpu(p->key); + bh = sb_getblk(sb, key); if (unlikely(!bh)) { - ret = -ENOMEM; + /* + * sb_getblk() masks different errors by always + * returning NULL. Let's distinguish at least the case + * where the block is out of range. + */ + if (key > ext4_blocks_count(EXT4_SB(sb)->s_es)) + ret = -EFSCORRUPTED; + else + ret = -ENOMEM; goto failure; }
diff --git a/fs/ext4/mballoc.c b/fs/ext4/mballoc.c index 9dad93059945..577e4d7415c3 100644 --- a/fs/ext4/mballoc.c +++ b/fs/ext4/mballoc.c @@ -2386,7 +2386,7 @@ static bool ext4_mb_good_group(struct ext4_allocation_context *ac,
BUG_ON(cr < 0 || cr >= 4);
- if (unlikely(EXT4_MB_GRP_BBITMAP_CORRUPT(grp))) + if (unlikely(!grp || EXT4_MB_GRP_BBITMAP_CORRUPT(grp))) return false;
free = grp->bb_free; @@ -2466,7 +2466,7 @@ static int ext4_mb_good_group_nolock(struct ext4_allocation_context *ac, goto out; if (cr <= 2 && free < ac->ac_g_ex.fe_len) goto out; - if (unlikely(EXT4_MB_GRP_BBITMAP_CORRUPT(grp))) + if (unlikely(!grp || EXT4_MB_GRP_BBITMAP_CORRUPT(grp))) goto out; if (should_lock) { __acquire(ext4_group_lock_ptr(sb, group)); @@ -5895,6 +5895,7 @@ static void ext4_mb_clear_bb(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode, ext4_grpblk_t bit; struct buffer_head *gd_bh; ext4_group_t block_group; + struct ext4_group_info *grp_info; struct ext4_sb_info *sbi; struct ext4_buddy e4b; unsigned int count_clusters; @@ -5916,8 +5917,8 @@ static void ext4_mb_clear_bb(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode, overflow = 0; ext4_get_group_no_and_offset(sb, block, &block_group, &bit);
- if (unlikely(EXT4_MB_GRP_BBITMAP_CORRUPT( - ext4_get_group_info(sb, block_group)))) + grp_info = ext4_get_group_info(sb, block_group); + if (unlikely(!grp_info || EXT4_MB_GRP_BBITMAP_CORRUPT(grp_info))) return;
/*
The rec_len field in the directory entry has to be a multiple of 4. A corrupted filesystem image can be used to hit a BUG() in ext4_rec_len_to_disk(), called from make_indexed_dir().
------------[ cut here ]------------ kernel BUG at fs/ext4/ext4.h:2413! ... RIP: 0010:make_indexed_dir+0x53f/0x5f0 ... Call Trace: <TASK> ? add_dirent_to_buf+0x1b2/0x200 ext4_add_entry+0x36e/0x480 ext4_add_nondir+0x2b/0xc0 ext4_create+0x163/0x200 path_openat+0x635/0xe90 do_filp_open+0xb4/0x160 ? __create_object.isra.0+0x1de/0x3b0 ? _raw_spin_unlock+0x12/0x30 do_sys_openat2+0x91/0x150 __x64_sys_open+0x6c/0xa0 do_syscall_64+0x3c/0x80 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x46/0xb0
The fix simply adds a call to ext4_check_dir_entry() to validate the directory entry, returning -EFSCORRUPTED if the entry is invalid.
CC: stable@vger.kernel.org Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=216540 Signed-off-by: Luís Henriques lhenriques@suse.de --- * Changes since v1:
As suggested by Ted, I've removed the incorrect 'de->rec_len' check from previous version and replaced it with a call to ext4_check_dir_entry() instead, which is a much more complete verification.
fs/ext4/namei.c | 10 +++++++++- 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/fs/ext4/namei.c b/fs/ext4/namei.c index 3a31b662f661..ed76e89ffbe9 100644 --- a/fs/ext4/namei.c +++ b/fs/ext4/namei.c @@ -2254,8 +2254,16 @@ static int make_indexed_dir(handle_t *handle, struct ext4_filename *fname, memset(de, 0, len); /* wipe old data */ de = (struct ext4_dir_entry_2 *) data2; top = data2 + len; - while ((char *)(de2 = ext4_next_entry(de, blocksize)) < top) + while ((char *)(de2 = ext4_next_entry(de, blocksize)) < top) { + if (ext4_check_dir_entry(dir, NULL, de, bh2, data2, len, + (data2 + (blocksize - csum_size) - + (char *) de))) { + brelse(bh2); + brelse(bh); + return -EFSCORRUPTED; + } de = de2; + } de->rec_len = ext4_rec_len_to_disk(data2 + (blocksize - csum_size) - (char *) de, blocksize);
Grr, looks like I accidentally reused a 'git send-email' from shell history which had a '--in-reply-to' in it. Please ignore and sorry about that. I've just resent a new email.
Cheers, -- Luís
On Wed, Oct 12, 2022 at 02:13:30PM +0100, Luís Henriques wrote:
The rec_len field in the directory entry has to be a multiple of 4. A corrupted filesystem image can be used to hit a BUG() in ext4_rec_len_to_disk(), called from make_indexed_dir().
------------[ cut here ]------------ kernel BUG at fs/ext4/ext4.h:2413! ... RIP: 0010:make_indexed_dir+0x53f/0x5f0 ... Call Trace:
<TASK> ? add_dirent_to_buf+0x1b2/0x200 ext4_add_entry+0x36e/0x480 ext4_add_nondir+0x2b/0xc0 ext4_create+0x163/0x200 path_openat+0x635/0xe90 do_filp_open+0xb4/0x160 ? __create_object.isra.0+0x1de/0x3b0 ? _raw_spin_unlock+0x12/0x30 do_sys_openat2+0x91/0x150 __x64_sys_open+0x6c/0xa0 do_syscall_64+0x3c/0x80 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x46/0xb0
The fix simply adds a call to ext4_check_dir_entry() to validate the directory entry, returning -EFSCORRUPTED if the entry is invalid.
CC: stable@vger.kernel.org Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=216540 Signed-off-by: Luís Henriques lhenriques@suse.de
- Changes since v1:
As suggested by Ted, I've removed the incorrect 'de->rec_len' check from previous version and replaced it with a call to ext4_check_dir_entry() instead, which is a much more complete verification.
fs/ext4/namei.c | 10 +++++++++- 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/fs/ext4/namei.c b/fs/ext4/namei.c index 3a31b662f661..ed76e89ffbe9 100644 --- a/fs/ext4/namei.c +++ b/fs/ext4/namei.c @@ -2254,8 +2254,16 @@ static int make_indexed_dir(handle_t *handle, struct ext4_filename *fname, memset(de, 0, len); /* wipe old data */ de = (struct ext4_dir_entry_2 *) data2; top = data2 + len;
- while ((char *)(de2 = ext4_next_entry(de, blocksize)) < top)
- while ((char *)(de2 = ext4_next_entry(de, blocksize)) < top) {
if (ext4_check_dir_entry(dir, NULL, de, bh2, data2, len,(data2 + (blocksize - csum_size) -(char *) de))) {brelse(bh2);brelse(bh);return -EFSCORRUPTED;}- } de->rec_len = ext4_rec_len_to_disk(data2 + (blocksize - csum_size) - (char *) de, blocksize);
On Wed, Oct 12, 2022 at 02:16:42PM +0100, Luís Henriques wrote:
Grr, looks like I accidentally reused a 'git send-email' from shell history which had a '--in-reply-to' in it. Please ignore and sorry about that. I've just resent a new email.
No worries! The --in-reply-to wasn't actually a problem, since b4 generally will do the right thing (and sometimes humans prefer the in-reply-to since they can more easily see the patch that it is replacing/obsoleting).
b4 can sometimes get confused when a patch series gets split, and both parts of the patch series are in a reply-to mail thread to the original patch series, since if it can't use the -vn+1 hueristic or the "subject line has stayed the same but has a newer date" hueristic, it falls back to "latest patch in the mail thread". So if there are two "valid" patches or patch series in an e-mail thread, b4 -c (--check-newer-revisions) can get confused. But even in that case, that it's more a minor annoyance than anything else.
So in the future, don't feel that you need to resend a patch if there's an incorrect/older --in-reply-to; it's not a big deal.
Cheers, and thanks!
- Ted
On Wed, Oct 12, 2022 at 10:21:39AM -0400, Theodore Ts'o wrote:
On Wed, Oct 12, 2022 at 02:16:42PM +0100, Luís Henriques wrote:
Grr, looks like I accidentally reused a 'git send-email' from shell history which had a '--in-reply-to' in it. Please ignore and sorry about that. I've just resent a new email.
No worries! The --in-reply-to wasn't actually a problem, since b4 generally will do the right thing (and sometimes humans prefer the in-reply-to since they can more easily see the patch that it is replacing/obsoleting).
b4 can sometimes get confused when a patch series gets split, and both parts of the patch series are in a reply-to mail thread to the original patch series, since if it can't use the -vn+1 hueristic or the "subject line has stayed the same but has a newer date" hueristic, it falls back to "latest patch in the mail thread". So if there are two "valid" patches or patch series in an e-mail thread, b4 -c (--check-newer-revisions) can get confused. But even in that case, that it's more a minor annoyance than anything else.
So in the future, don't feel that you need to resend a patch if there's an incorrect/older --in-reply-to; it's not a big deal.
Great, I haven't yet included b4 in my workflow so, to be honest, I didn't really thought about that tool being confused. What really made me resend the patch was that I used the *wrong message-ID in the "--in-reply-to"! And that thread already had a v2 patch, which would could easily confuse humans. Hopefully, b4 won't be confused by that either.
Cheers, -- Luís
First of all, you replied to this patch a completely different patch, "ext4: fix BUG_ON() when directory entry has invalid rec_len". This very much confuses b4, so please don't do that. If you send a patch series, where the message-id are related, e.g.:
20221011155623.14840-1-lhenriques@suse.de 20221011155623.14840-2-lhenriques@suse.de
etc., b4 will figure out what is going on. But when the message id's are unrelated, e.g:
20221011155623.14840-1-lhenriques@suse.de vs 20221012131330.32456-1-lhenriques@suse.de
... b4 will assume that 20221012131330.32456-1-lhenriques@suse.de is a newer version of 20221011155623.14840-1-lhenriques@suse.de and there is apparently no way to tell it to not try to use the "newer" version of the patch.
On Tue, Oct 11, 2022 at 04:56:24PM +0100, Luís Henriques wrote:
It's possible to hit a NULL pointer exception while accessing the sb->s_group_info in ext4_validate_inode_bitmap(), when calling ext4_get_group_info().
...
This issue can be fixed by returning NULL in ext4_get_group_info() when ->s_group_info is NULL. This also requires checking the return code from ext4_get_group_info() when appropriate.
I don't believe this is a correct diagnosis of what is going on. Did you actually confirm the line numbers associated with the call stack? What makes you believe that? Look at how s_group_info is initialized in ext4_mb_alloc_groupinfo() in fs/ext4/mballoc.c. It's pretty careful to make sure this is not the case.
EXT4-fs (loop0): warning: mounting unchecked fs, running e2fsck is recommended EXT4-fs error (device loop0): ext4_clear_blocks:866: inode #32: comm mount: attempt to clear invalid blocks 16777450 len 1 EXT4-fs error (device loop0): ext4_free_branches:1012: inode #32: comm mount: invalid indirect mapped block 1258291200 (level 1) EXT4-fs error (device loop0): ext4_free_branches:1012: inode #32: comm mount: invalid indirect mapped block 7379847 (level 2) BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000000 ... RIP: 0010:ext4_read_inode_bitmap+0x21b/0x5a0 ... Call Trace:
<TASK> ext4_free_inode+0x172/0x5c0 ext4_evict_inode+0x4a5/0x730 evict+0xc1/0x1c0 ext4_setup_system_zone+0x2ea/0x380 ext4_fill_super+0x249f/0x3910 ? ext4_reconfigure+0x880/0x880 ? snprintf+0x49/0x60 ? ext4_reconfigure+0x880/0x880 get_tree_bdev+0x169/0x260 vfs_get_tree+0x16/0x70 path_mount+0x77d/0xa30 __x64_sys_mount+0x101/0x140 do_syscall_64+0x3c/0x80 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x46/0xb0
So we're evicting an inode while in the middle of calling ext4_setup_system_zone() in fs/ext4/block_validity.c. That can only happen if we are calling iput() on an an inode, and the only place that we do that in block_validity.c is in the function ext4_protect_reserved_inode() --- which we call on the journal inode.
Given the error messages, I suspect this was a fuzzed file system where the journal inode was not in the standard reserved ino, but rather in a the normal inode number, in s_journal_inum (which is a leftover relic from the very early ext3 days), and that inode number was then explicitly/maliciously placed on the orphan list, and then hilarity ensued from there.
We need to add some better error checking to protect against this case in ext4_orphan_get().
Do you have the file system image which triggered this failure? Was it the same syzkaller report, or perhaps was it some other syzkaller report?
diff --git a/fs/ext4/indirect.c b/fs/ext4/indirect.c index 860fc5119009..e5ac5c2363df 100644 --- a/fs/ext4/indirect.c +++ b/fs/ext4/indirect.c @@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ static Indirect *ext4_get_branch(struct inode *inode, int depth, struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb; Indirect *p = chain; struct buffer_head *bh;
- unsigned int key; int ret = -EIO;
*err = 0; @@ -156,9 +157,18 @@ static Indirect *ext4_get_branch(struct inode *inode, int depth, if (!p->key) goto no_block; while (--depth) {
bh = sb_getblk(sb, le32_to_cpu(p->key));
key = le32_to_cpu(p->key);bh = sb_getblk(sb, key);
ret = -ENOMEM;
/** sb_getblk() masks different errors by always* returning NULL. Let's distinguish at least the case* where the block is out of range.*/if (key > ext4_blocks_count(EXT4_SB(sb)->s_es))ret = -EFSCORRUPTED;elseret = -ENOMEM; goto failure;
And this is fixing a completely different problem and should go in a different patch. It's also not the best way of fixing it. What we should do is check whether key is out of bounds *before* calling sb_getblkf(), and then call ext4_error() to mark the file system is corrupted, and then return -EFSCORRUPTED.
Cheers,
- Ted
On Wed, 12 Oct 2022 14:13:30 +0100, Luís Henriques wrote:
The rec_len field in the directory entry has to be a multiple of 4. A corrupted filesystem image can be used to hit a BUG() in ext4_rec_len_to_disk(), called from make_indexed_dir().
------------[ cut here ]------------ kernel BUG at fs/ext4/ext4.h:2413! ... RIP: 0010:make_indexed_dir+0x53f/0x5f0 ... Call Trace:
<TASK> ? add_dirent_to_buf+0x1b2/0x200 ext4_add_entry+0x36e/0x480 ext4_add_nondir+0x2b/0xc0 ext4_create+0x163/0x200 path_openat+0x635/0xe90 do_filp_open+0xb4/0x160 ? __create_object.isra.0+0x1de/0x3b0 ? _raw_spin_unlock+0x12/0x30 do_sys_openat2+0x91/0x150 __x64_sys_open+0x6c/0xa0 do_syscall_64+0x3c/0x80 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x46/0xb0
[...]
Applied, thanks!
[1/1] ext4: fix BUG_ON() when directory entry has invalid rec_len commit: 17a0bc9bd697f75cfdf9b378d5eb2d7409c91340
Best regards,
On Sat, Nov 05, 2022 at 08:32:08PM -0400, Theodore Ts'o wrote:
First of all, you replied to this patch a completely different patch, "ext4: fix BUG_ON() when directory entry has invalid rec_len". This very much confuses b4, so please don't do that. If you send a patch series, where the message-id are related, e.g.:
20221011155623.14840-1-lhenriques@suse.de 20221011155623.14840-2-lhenriques@suse.deetc., b4 will figure out what is going on. But when the message id's are unrelated, e.g:
20221011155623.14840-1-lhenriques@suse.devs 20221012131330.32456-1-lhenriques@suse.de
... b4 will assume that 20221012131330.32456-1-lhenriques@suse.de is a newer version of 20221011155623.14840-1-lhenriques@suse.de and there is apparently no way to tell it to not try to use the "newer" version of the patch.
Yeah, I'm really sorry for this. As I mentioned in a reply to that email, I messed it up by running my scripts from shell history, without cleaning the extra parameters. Lesson learned -- *never* use shell history for sending patches! :-(
On Tue, Oct 11, 2022 at 04:56:24PM +0100, Luís Henriques wrote:
It's possible to hit a NULL pointer exception while accessing the sb->s_group_info in ext4_validate_inode_bitmap(), when calling ext4_get_group_info().
...
This issue can be fixed by returning NULL in ext4_get_group_info() when ->s_group_info is NULL. This also requires checking the return code from ext4_get_group_info() when appropriate.
I don't believe this is a correct diagnosis of what is going on. Did you actually confirm the line numbers associated with the call stack?
Here's the line numbers:
$ ./scripts/faddr2line fs/ext4/ialloc.o ext4_read_inode_bitmap+0x21b/0x5a0 ext4_read_inode_bitmap+0x21b/0x5a0: ext4_get_group_info at /home/miguel/kernel/linux/fs/ext4/ext4.h:3332 (inlined by) ext4_validate_inode_bitmap at /home/miguel/kernel/linux/fs/ext4/ialloc.c:90 (inlined by) ext4_read_inode_bitmap at /home/miguel/kernel/linux/fs/ext4/ialloc.c:210
This is on a 6.1.0-rc4 kernel, where I got:
RIP: 0010:ext4_read_inode_bitmap+0x21b/0x5a0
So, the issue is happening in ext4_read_inode_bitmap(), when jumping to the 'verify' label from here:
184 if (buffer_uptodate(bh)) { 185 /* 186 * if not uninit if bh is uptodate, 187 * bitmap is also uptodate 188 */ 189 set_bitmap_uptodate(bh); 190 unlock_buffer(bh); 191 goto verify; 192 } ... 209 verify: ==> 210 err = ext4_validate_inode_bitmap(sb, desc, block_group, bh); 211 if (err) 212 goto out; 213 return bh; 214 out: 215 put_bh(bh); 216 return ERR_PTR(err); 217 }
What makes you believe that? Look at how s_group_info is initialized in ext4_mb_alloc_groupinfo() in fs/ext4/mballoc.c. It's pretty careful to make sure this is not the case.
Right. I may be missing something, but I don't think we get that far. __ext4_fill_super() will first call ext4_setup_system_zone() (which is where this bug occurs) and only after that ext4_mb_init() will be invoked (which is where ext4_mb_alloc_groupinfo() will eventually be called).
EXT4-fs (loop0): warning: mounting unchecked fs, running e2fsck is recommended EXT4-fs error (device loop0): ext4_clear_blocks:866: inode #32: comm mount: attempt to clear invalid blocks 16777450 len 1 EXT4-fs error (device loop0): ext4_free_branches:1012: inode #32: comm mount: invalid indirect mapped block 1258291200 (level 1) EXT4-fs error (device loop0): ext4_free_branches:1012: inode #32: comm mount: invalid indirect mapped block 7379847 (level 2) BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000000 ... RIP: 0010:ext4_read_inode_bitmap+0x21b/0x5a0 ... Call Trace:
<TASK> ext4_free_inode+0x172/0x5c0 ext4_evict_inode+0x4a5/0x730 evict+0xc1/0x1c0 ext4_setup_system_zone+0x2ea/0x380 ext4_fill_super+0x249f/0x3910 ? ext4_reconfigure+0x880/0x880 ? snprintf+0x49/0x60 ? ext4_reconfigure+0x880/0x880 get_tree_bdev+0x169/0x260 vfs_get_tree+0x16/0x70 path_mount+0x77d/0xa30 __x64_sys_mount+0x101/0x140 do_syscall_64+0x3c/0x80 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x46/0xb0
So we're evicting an inode while in the middle of calling ext4_setup_system_zone() in fs/ext4/block_validity.c. That can only happen if we are calling iput() on an an inode, and the only place that we do that in block_validity.c is in the function ext4_protect_reserved_inode() --- which we call on the journal inode.
Given the error messages, I suspect this was a fuzzed file system where the journal inode was not in the standard reserved ino, but rather in a the normal inode number, in s_journal_inum (which is a leftover relic from the very early ext3 days), and that inode number was then explicitly/maliciously placed on the orphan list, and then hilarity ensued from there.
Correct, the images do indeed have the wrong inode number (32) in s_journal_inum.
We need to add some better error checking to protect against this case in ext4_orphan_get().
Unfortunately, after some debug, I don't see ext4_orphan_get() ever being invoked anywhere.
Do you have the file system image which triggered this failure? Was it the same syzkaller report, or perhaps was it some other syzkaller report?
Yes, these were generated with a fuzzer, and the 2 images I've used as reproducers were picked from the bugzillas in the commit 'Link' tags:
Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=216541 Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=216539
To reproduce the issue you simply need to mount those images.
diff --git a/fs/ext4/indirect.c b/fs/ext4/indirect.c index 860fc5119009..e5ac5c2363df 100644 --- a/fs/ext4/indirect.c +++ b/fs/ext4/indirect.c @@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ static Indirect *ext4_get_branch(struct inode *inode, int depth, struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb; Indirect *p = chain; struct buffer_head *bh;
- unsigned int key; int ret = -EIO;
*err = 0; @@ -156,9 +157,18 @@ static Indirect *ext4_get_branch(struct inode *inode, int depth, if (!p->key) goto no_block; while (--depth) {
bh = sb_getblk(sb, le32_to_cpu(p->key));
key = le32_to_cpu(p->key);bh = sb_getblk(sb, key);
ret = -ENOMEM;
/** sb_getblk() masks different errors by always* returning NULL. Let's distinguish at least the case* where the block is out of range.*/if (key > ext4_blocks_count(EXT4_SB(sb)->s_es))ret = -EFSCORRUPTED;elseret = -ENOMEM; goto failure;And this is fixing a completely different problem and should go in a different patch. It's also not the best way of fixing it. What we should do is check whether key is out of bounds *before* calling sb_getblkf(), and then call ext4_error() to mark the file system is corrupted, and then return -EFSCORRUPTED.
OK, makes sense. I'll send out a separate patch for this. Thanks a lot for your review, Ted.
Cheers, -- Luís
On Tue, Nov 08, 2022 at 02:06:29PM +0000, Luís Henriques wrote:
What makes you believe that? Look at how s_group_info is initialized in ext4_mb_alloc_groupinfo() in fs/ext4/mballoc.c. It's pretty careful to make sure this is not the case.
Right. I may be missing something, but I don't think we get that far. __ext4_fill_super() will first call ext4_setup_system_zone() (which is where this bug occurs) and only after that ext4_mb_init() will be invoked (which is where ext4_mb_alloc_groupinfo() will eventually be called).
I finally got around to taking a closer look at this, and I have a much better understandign of what is going on. For more details, and a suggested fix, please see:
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=216541#c1
- Ted
On 2022/11/29 6:28, Theodore Ts'o wrote:
On Tue, Nov 08, 2022 at 02:06:29PM +0000, Luís Henriques wrote:
What makes you believe that? Look at how s_group_info is initialized in ext4_mb_alloc_groupinfo() in fs/ext4/mballoc.c. It's pretty careful to make sure this is not the case.
Right. I may be missing something, but I don't think we get that far. __ext4_fill_super() will first call ext4_setup_system_zone() (which is where this bug occurs) and only after that ext4_mb_init() will be invoked (which is where ext4_mb_alloc_groupinfo() will eventually be called).
I finally got around to taking a closer look at this, and I have a much better understandign of what is going on. For more details, and a suggested fix, please see:
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=216541#c1 - Ted
Hi Theodore,
In my opinion, the s_journal_inum should not be modified when the file system is mounted, especially after we have successfully loaded and replayed the journal with the current s_journal_inum. Even if the s_journal_inumon the disk is modified, we should use the current one. This is how journal_devnum is handled in ext4_load_journal():
if (!really_read_only && journal_devnum && journal_devnum != le32_to_cpu(es->s_journal_dev)) { es->s_journal_dev = cpu_to_le32(journal_devnum);
/* Make sure we flush the recovery flag to disk. */ ext4_commit_super(sb); }
We can avoid this problem by adding a similar check for journal_inum in ext4_load_journal().
On Tue, Nov 29, 2022 at 11:18:34AM +0800, Baokun Li wrote:
In my opinion, the s_journal_inum should not be modified when the file system is mounted, especially after we have successfully loaded and replayed the journal with the current s_journal_inum. Even if the s_journal_inumon the disk is modified, we should use the current one. This is how journal_devnum is handled in ext4_load_journal():
if (!really_read_only && journal_devnum && journal_devnum != le32_to_cpu(es->s_journal_dev)) { es->s_journal_dev = cpu_to_le32(journal_devnum);
/* Make sure we flush the recovery flag to disk. */ ext4_commit_super(sb); }
We can avoid this problem by adding a similar check for journal_inum in ext4_load_journal().
This check you've pointed out wasn't actually intended to protect against the problem where the journal_inum is getting overwritten by the journal replay. The s_journal_dev field is a hint about where to find the external journal. However, this can change over time --- for example, if a SCSI disk is removed from the system, so /dev/sdcXX becomes /dev/sbdXX. The official way to find the journal device is via the external journal's UUID. So userspace might use a command like:
mount -t ext4 -o journal_path="$(blkid -U <journal uuid>)" UUID=<fs uuid> /mnt
So s_journal_devnum might get updated, and we don't want the hint to get overwritten by the journal replay. So that's why the code that you've quoted exists (and this goes all the way back to ext3). It's a code path that can be quite legitimately triggered when the location of the external journal device changes (or when the device's major/minor numbers get renumbered).
Now, we *could* do something like this for s_journal_inum, but it would be for a different purpose. In practice, this would never happen in real life due to random bit flips, since the journal is protected using checksum. It can only happen when there are deliberately, maliciously fuzzed file system images, such as was the case here. And s_journal_inum is only one of any number of superblock fields that shouldn't ever be modified by the journal replay. We have had previous failures caused by we validated the superblock fields to be valid, but then after that, we replay the journal, and then it turns out the superblock fields are incorrect. (And then some Red Hat principal engineer will try to call it a high severity CVE, which is really bullshit, since if you allow random unprivileged processes to mount arbitrary file system images, you've got other problems. Don't do that.)
If we *really* cared about these sorts of problems, we should special case the journal replay of certain blocks, such as the superblock, and validate those blocks to make sure they are not crazy --- and if it is crazy, we should abort the journal replay right then and there.
Alternatively, one *could* consider making a copy of certain blocks (in particular the superblock and block group descriptors), and then do a post-hoc validation of the superblock after the replay --- and if it is invalid, we could put the old superblock back. But we need to remember that sometimes superblock fields *can* change. For example, in the case of online resize, we can't just say that if the old superblock value is different from the new superblock value, something Must Be Wrong. That being said, if the result of the journal replay ends up with a result where s_block_count is greater than the physical block device, *that's* something that is probably wrong.
That being said, the question is whether all of this complexity is really all *that* necessary, since again, thanks to checksums, short of Malicious File System Fuzzing, this should never happen. If all of this complexity is only needed to protect against malicious fuzzed file systems, then maybe it's not the worth it.
If we can protect against the problem by adding a check that has other value as well (such as making usre that when ext4_iget fetches a special inode, we enforce that i_links_couint must be > 0), maybe that's worth it.
So ultimately it's all a question of engineering tradeoffs. Is it worth it to check for s_journal_inum changing, and changing it back? Meh. At the very least we would want to add a warning, since this is only going happen in case of a malicious fuzzed file system. And since we're only undoing the s_journal_inum update, there may be other superblock fields beyond s_journal_inum that could get modified by the malicious file system fuzzer. So how many post hoc checks do we really want to be adding here? Should we also do similar checks for s_blocks_per_group? s_inodes_per_group? s_log_block_size? s_first_ino? s_first_data_block? I realize this is a slipperly slope argument; but the bottom line that it's not immediately obvious that it's good idea to only worry about s_journal_inum.
Cheers,
- Ted
On 2022/11/30 5:00, Theodore Ts'o wrote:
On Tue, Nov 29, 2022 at 11:18:34AM +0800, Baokun Li wrote:
In my opinion, the s_journal_inum should not be modified when the file system is mounted, especially after we have successfully loaded and replayed the journal with the current s_journal_inum. Even if the s_journal_inumon the disk is modified, we should use the current one. This is how journal_devnum is handled in ext4_load_journal():
if (!really_read_only && journal_devnum && journal_devnum != le32_to_cpu(es->s_journal_dev)) { es->s_journal_dev = cpu_to_le32(journal_devnum);
/* Make sure we flush the recovery flag to disk. */ ext4_commit_super(sb); }
We can avoid this problem by adding a similar check for journal_inum in ext4_load_journal().
This check you've pointed out wasn't actually intended to protect against the problem where the journal_inum is getting overwritten by the journal replay. The s_journal_dev field is a hint about where to find the external journal. However, this can change over time --- for example, if a SCSI disk is removed from the system, so /dev/sdcXX becomes /dev/sbdXX. The official way to find the journal device is via the external journal's UUID. So userspace might use a command like:
mount -t ext4 -o journal_path="$(blkid -U <journal uuid>)" UUID=<fs uuid> /mnt
So s_journal_devnum might get updated, and we don't want the hint to get overwritten by the journal replay. So that's why the code that you've quoted exists (and this goes all the way back to ext3). It's a code path that can be quite legitimately triggered when the location of the external journal device changes (or when the device's major/minor numbers get renumbered).
I get it! Thank you very much for your patient and detailed explanation!
Now, we *could* do something like this for s_journal_inum, but it would be for a different purpose. In practice, this would never happen in real life due to random bit flips, since the journal is protected using checksum. It can only happen when there are deliberately, maliciously fuzzed file system images, such as was the case here.
Totally agree! Because of this, we should intercept these anomalies in a simpler way at a more peripheral location.
And s_journal_inum is only one of any number of superblock fields that shouldn't ever be modified by the journal replay. We have had previous failures caused by we validated the superblock fields to be valid, but then after that, we replay the journal, and then it turns out the superblock fields are incorrect. (And then some Red Hat principal engineer will try to call it a high severity CVE, which is really bullshit, since if you allow random unprivileged processes to mount arbitrary file system images, you've got other problems. Don't do that.)
Indeed, these fuzzy image problems are triggered by mounting first. However, mounting an unchecked image and loose mounting permission management are inherently problematic. But many times we can't ask too much from users, because there are too many scenarios for linux.
If we *really* cared about these sorts of problems, we should special case the journal replay of certain blocks, such as the superblock, and validate those blocks to make sure they are not crazy --- and if it is crazy, we should abort the journal replay right then and there.
Alternatively, one *could* consider making a copy of certain blocks (in particular the superblock and block group descriptors), and then do a post-hoc validation of the superblock after the replay --- and if it is invalid, we could put the old superblock back. But we need to remember that sometimes superblock fields *can* change. For example, in the case of online resize, we can't just say that if the old superblock value is different from the new superblock value, something Must Be Wrong. That being said, if the result of the journal replay ends up with a result where s_block_count is greater than the physical block device, *that's* something that is probably wrong.
That being said, the question is whether all of this complexity is really all *that* necessary, since again, thanks to checksums, short of Malicious File System Fuzzing, this should never happen. If all of this complexity is only needed to protect against malicious fuzzed file systems, then maybe it's not the worth it.
Yes, it's too complicated to fully check the data after journal replays.
If we can protect against the problem by adding a check that has other value as well (such as making usre that when ext4_iget fetches a special inode, we enforce that i_links_couint must be > 0), maybe that's worth it.
Yes, but some special inodes allow i_links_couint to be zero, such as the uninitialized boot load inode.
So ultimately it's all a question of engineering tradeoffs. Is it worth it to check for s_journal_inum changing, and changing it back? Meh. At the very least we would want to add a warning, since this is only going happen in case of a malicious fuzzed file system. And since we're only undoing the s_journal_inum update, there may be other superblock fields beyond s_journal_inum that could get modified by the malicious file system fuzzer. So how many post hoc checks do we really want to be adding here? Should we also do similar checks for s_blocks_per_group? s_inodes_per_group? s_log_block_size? s_first_ino? s_first_data_block? I realize this is a slipperly slope argument; but the bottom line that it's not immediately obvious that it's good idea to only worry about s_journal_inum.
Cheers,
- Ted
That's right! We don't have to divergence this problem, just focus on s_journal_inum. We only need to ensure that the s_journal_inum on the disk is the same as that in use. The s_journal_inum in use passes the check. In addition, the current journal is recorded on the journal inode in use.
Thanks again for your patience!
On Wed, Nov 30, 2022 at 11:20:11AM +0800, Baokun Li wrote:
If we can protect against the problem by adding a check that has other value as well (such as making usre that when ext4_iget fetches a special inode, we enforce that i_links_couint must be > 0), maybe that's worth it.
Yes, but some special inodes allow i_links_couint to be zero, such as the uninitialized boot load inode.
That's a good point; but the only time when a special inode can validly have a zero i_links_count is when it has no blocks associated to it. Otherwise, when the file system releases the inode using iput() when the file system is unmounted, all of the blocks will get released when the inode is evicted. So we can have ext4_iget() allow fetching an inode if i_blocks[] is zeros. But if it has any blocks and i_links_count is non-zero, something must be terribly wrong with that inode.
Cheers,
- Ted
On 2022/12/1 12:32, Theodore Ts'o wrote:
On Wed, Nov 30, 2022 at 11:20:11AM +0800, Baokun Li wrote:
If we can protect against the problem by adding a check that has other value as well (such as making usre that when ext4_iget fetches a special inode, we enforce that i_links_couint must be > 0), maybe that's worth it.
Yes, but some special inodes allow i_links_couint to be zero, such as the uninitialized boot load inode.
That's a good point; but the only time when a special inode can validly have a zero i_links_count is when it has no blocks associated to it. Otherwise, when the file system releases the inode using iput() when the file system is unmounted, all of the blocks will get released when the inode is evicted. So we can have ext4_iget() allow fetching an inode if i_blocks[] is zeros. But if it has any blocks and i_links_count is non-zero, something must be terribly wrong with that inode.
Cheers,
- Ted
Totally agree! That sounds good!
linux-stable-mirror@lists.linaro.org
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Baokun Li -
Luís Henriques -
Theodore Ts'o