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[cgroup/for-6.20 PATCH 0/4] cgroup/cpuset: Don't invalidate sibling partitions on cpuset.cpus conflict

by Waiman Long

This patch series is inspired by the cpuset patch sent by Sun Shaojie [1]. The idea is to avoid invalidating sibling partitions when there is a cpuset.cpus conflict. However this patch series does it in a slightly different way to make its behavior more consistent with other cpuset properties. The first 3 patches are just some cleanup and minor bug fixes on issues found during the investigation process. The last one is the major patch that changes the way cpuset.cpus is being handled during the partition creation process. Instead of invalidating sibling partitions when there is a conflict, it will strip out the conflicting exclusive CPUs and assign the remaining non-conflicting exclusive CPUs to the new partition unless there is no more CPU left which will fail the partition creation process. It is similar to the idea that cpuset.cpus.effective may only contain a subset of CPUs specified in cpuset.cpus. So cpuset.cpus.exclusive.effective may contain only a subset of cpuset.cpus when a partition is created without setting cpuset.cpus.exclusive. Even setting cpuset.cpus.exclusive instead of cpuset.cpus may not guarantee all the requested CPUs can be granted if parent doesn't have access to some of those exclusive CPUs. The difference is that conflicts from siblings is not possible with cpuset.cpus.exclusive as long as it can be set successfully without failure. [1] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20251117015708.977585-1-sunshaojie@kylinos.cn/ Waiman Long (4): cgroup/cpuset: Streamline rm_siblings_excl_cpus() cgroup/cpuset: Consistently compute effective_xcpus in update_cpumasks_hier() cgroup/cpuset: Don't fail cpuset.cpus change in v2 cgroup/cpuset: Don't invalidate sibling partitions on cpuset.cpus conflict kernel/cgroup/cpuset-internal.h | 3 + kernel/cgroup/cpuset-v1.c | 19 +++ kernel/cgroup/cpuset.c | 135 +++++++----------- .../selftests/cgroup/test_cpuset_prs.sh | 26 +++- 4 files changed, 93 insertions(+), 90 deletions(-) -- 2.52.0

23 minutes

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[PATCH v8 00/14] riscv: add SBI FWFT misaligned exception delegation support

by Clément Léger

The SBI Firmware Feature extension allows the S-mode to request some specific features (either hardware or software) to be enabled. This series uses this extension to request misaligned access exception delegation to S-mode in order to let the kernel handle it. It also adds support for the KVM FWFT SBI extension based on the misaligned access handling infrastructure. FWFT SBI extension is part of the SBI V3.0 specifications [1]. It can be tested using the qemu provided at [2] which contains the series from [3]. Upstream kvm-unit-tests can be used inside kvm to tests the correct delegation of misaligned exceptions. Upstream OpenSBI can be used. Note: Since SBI V3.0 is not yet ratified, FWFT extension API is split between interface only and implementation, allowing to pick only the interface which do not have hard dependencies on SBI. The tests can be run using the kselftest from series [4]. $ qemu-system-riscv64 \ -cpu rv64,trap-misaligned-access=true,v=true \ -M virt \ -m 1024M \ -bios fw_dynamic.bin \ -kernel Image ... # ./misaligned TAP version 13 1..23 # Starting 23 tests from 1 test cases. # RUN global.gp_load_lh ... # OK global.gp_load_lh ok 1 global.gp_load_lh # RUN global.gp_load_lhu ... # OK global.gp_load_lhu ok 2 global.gp_load_lhu # RUN global.gp_load_lw ... # OK global.gp_load_lw ok 3 global.gp_load_lw # RUN global.gp_load_lwu ... # OK global.gp_load_lwu ok 4 global.gp_load_lwu # RUN global.gp_load_ld ... # OK global.gp_load_ld ok 5 global.gp_load_ld # RUN global.gp_load_c_lw ... # OK global.gp_load_c_lw ok 6 global.gp_load_c_lw # RUN global.gp_load_c_ld ... # OK global.gp_load_c_ld ok 7 global.gp_load_c_ld # RUN global.gp_load_c_ldsp ... # OK global.gp_load_c_ldsp ok 8 global.gp_load_c_ldsp # RUN global.gp_load_sh ... # OK global.gp_load_sh ok 9 global.gp_load_sh # RUN global.gp_load_sw ... # OK global.gp_load_sw ok 10 global.gp_load_sw # RUN global.gp_load_sd ... # OK global.gp_load_sd ok 11 global.gp_load_sd # RUN global.gp_load_c_sw ... # OK global.gp_load_c_sw ok 12 global.gp_load_c_sw # RUN global.gp_load_c_sd ... # OK global.gp_load_c_sd ok 13 global.gp_load_c_sd # RUN global.gp_load_c_sdsp ... # OK global.gp_load_c_sdsp ok 14 global.gp_load_c_sdsp # RUN global.fpu_load_flw ... # OK global.fpu_load_flw ok 15 global.fpu_load_flw # RUN global.fpu_load_fld ... # OK global.fpu_load_fld ok 16 global.fpu_load_fld # RUN global.fpu_load_c_fld ... # OK global.fpu_load_c_fld ok 17 global.fpu_load_c_fld # RUN global.fpu_load_c_fldsp ... # OK global.fpu_load_c_fldsp ok 18 global.fpu_load_c_fldsp # RUN global.fpu_store_fsw ... # OK global.fpu_store_fsw ok 19 global.fpu_store_fsw # RUN global.fpu_store_fsd ... # OK global.fpu_store_fsd ok 20 global.fpu_store_fsd # RUN global.fpu_store_c_fsd ... # OK global.fpu_store_c_fsd ok 21 global.fpu_store_c_fsd # RUN global.fpu_store_c_fsdsp ... # OK global.fpu_store_c_fsdsp ok 22 global.fpu_store_c_fsdsp # RUN global.gen_sigbus ... [12797.988647] misaligned[618]: unhandled signal 7 code 0x1 at 0x0000000000014dc0 in misaligned[4dc0,10000+76000] [12797.988990] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 618 Comm: misaligned Not tainted 6.13.0-rc6-00008-g4ec4468967c9-dirty #51 [12797.989169] Hardware name: riscv-virtio,qemu (DT) [12797.989264] epc : 0000000000014dc0 ra : 0000000000014d00 sp : 00007fffe165d100 [12797.989407] gp : 000000000008f6e8 tp : 0000000000095760 t0 : 0000000000000008 [12797.989544] t1 : 00000000000965d8 t2 : 000000000008e830 s0 : 00007fffe165d160 [12797.989692] s1 : 000000000000001a a0 : 0000000000000000 a1 : 0000000000000002 [12797.989831] a2 : 0000000000000000 a3 : 0000000000000000 a4 : ffffffffdeadbeef [12797.989964] a5 : 000000000008ef61 a6 : 626769735f6e0000 a7 : fffffffffffff000 [12797.990094] s2 : 0000000000000001 s3 : 00007fffe165d838 s4 : 00007fffe165d848 [12797.990238] s5 : 000000000000001a s6 : 0000000000010442 s7 : 0000000000010200 [12797.990391] s8 : 000000000000003a s9 : 0000000000094508 s10: 0000000000000000 [12797.990526] s11: 0000555567460668 t3 : 00007fffe165d070 t4 : 00000000000965d0 [12797.990656] t5 : fefefefefefefeff t6 : 0000000000000073 [12797.990756] status: 0000000200004020 badaddr: 000000000008ef61 cause: 0000000000000006 [12797.990911] Code: 8793 8791 3423 fcf4 3783 fc84 c737 dead 0713 eef7 (c398) 0001 # OK global.gen_sigbus ok 23 global.gen_sigbus # PASSED: 23 / 23 tests passed. # Totals: pass:23 fail:0 xfail:0 xpass:0 skip:0 error:0 With kvm-tools: # lkvm run -k sbi.flat -m 128 Info: # lkvm run -k sbi.flat -m 128 -c 1 --name guest-97 Info: Removed ghost socket file "/root/.lkvm//guest-97.sock". ########################################################################## # kvm-unit-tests ########################################################################## ... [test messages elided] PASS: sbi: fwft: FWFT extension probing no error PASS: sbi: fwft: get/set reserved feature 0x6 error == SBI_ERR_DENIED PASS: sbi: fwft: get/set reserved feature 0x3fffffff error == SBI_ERR_DENIED PASS: sbi: fwft: get/set reserved feature 0x80000000 error == SBI_ERR_DENIED PASS: sbi: fwft: get/set reserved feature 0xbfffffff error == SBI_ERR_DENIED PASS: sbi: fwft: misaligned_deleg: Get misaligned deleg feature no error PASS: sbi: fwft: misaligned_deleg: Set misaligned deleg feature invalid value error PASS: sbi: fwft: misaligned_deleg: Set misaligned deleg feature invalid value error PASS: sbi: fwft: misaligned_deleg: Set misaligned deleg feature value no error PASS: sbi: fwft: misaligned_deleg: Set misaligned deleg feature value 0 PASS: sbi: fwft: misaligned_deleg: Set misaligned deleg feature value no error PASS: sbi: fwft: misaligned_deleg: Set misaligned deleg feature value 1 PASS: sbi: fwft: misaligned_deleg: Verify misaligned load exception trap in supervisor SUMMARY: 50 tests, 2 unexpected failures, 12 skipped This series is available at [5]. Link: https://github.com/riscv-non-isa/riscv-sbi-doc/releases/download/vv3.0-rc2/… [1] Link: https://github.com/rivosinc/qemu/tree/dev/cleger/misaligned [2] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20241211211933.198792-3-fkonrad@amd.com/T/ [3] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-riscv/20250414123543.1615478-1-cleger@rivosin… [4] Link: https://github.com/rivosinc/linux/tree/dev/cleger/fwft [5] --- V8: - Move misaligned_access_speed under CONFIG_RISCV_MISALIGNED and add a separate commit for that. V7: - Fix ifdefery build problems - Move sbi_fwft_is_supported with fwft_set_req struct - Added Atish Reviewed-by - Updated KVM vcpu cfg hedeleg value in set_delegation - Changed SBI ETIME error mapping to ETIMEDOUT - Fixed a few typo reported by Alok V6: - Rename FWFT interface to remove "_local" - Fix test for MEDELEG values in KVM FWFT support - Add __init for unaligned_access_init() - Rebased on master V5: - Return ERANGE as mapping for SBI_ERR_BAD_RANGE - Removed unused sbi_fwft_get() - Fix kernel for sbi_fwft_local_set_cpumask() - Fix indentation for sbi_fwft_local_set() - Remove spurious space in kvm_sbi_fwft_ops. - Rebased on origin/master - Remove fixes commits and sent them as a separate series [4] V4: - Check SBI version 3.0 instead of 2.0 for FWFT presence - Use long for kvm_sbi_fwft operation return value - Init KVM sbi extension even if default_disabled - Remove revert_on_fail parameter for sbi_fwft_feature_set(). - Fix comments for sbi_fwft_set/get() - Only handle local features (there are no globals yet in the spec) - Add new SBI errors to sbi_err_map_linux_errno() V3: - Added comment about kvm sbi fwft supported/set/get callback requirements - Move struct kvm_sbi_fwft_feature in kvm_sbi_fwft.c - Add a FWFT interface V2: - Added Kselftest for misaligned testing - Added get_user() usage instead of __get_user() - Reenable interrupt when possible in misaligned access handling - Document that riscv supports unaligned-traps - Fix KVM extension state when an init function is present - Rework SBI misaligned accesses trap delegation code - Added support for CPU hotplugging - Added KVM SBI reset callback - Added reset for KVM SBI FWFT lock - Return SBI_ERR_DENIED_LOCKED when LOCK flag is set Clément Léger (14): riscv: sbi: add Firmware Feature (FWFT) SBI extensions definitions riscv: sbi: remove useless parenthesis riscv: sbi: add new SBI error mappings riscv: sbi: add FWFT extension interface riscv: sbi: add SBI FWFT extension calls riscv: misaligned: request misaligned exception from SBI riscv: misaligned: use on_each_cpu() for scalar misaligned access probing riscv: misaligned: declare misaligned_access_speed under CONFIG_RISCV_MISALIGNED riscv: misaligned: move emulated access uniformity check in a function riscv: misaligned: add a function to check misalign trap delegability RISC-V: KVM: add SBI extension init()/deinit() functions RISC-V: KVM: add SBI extension reset callback RISC-V: KVM: add support for FWFT SBI extension RISC-V: KVM: add support for SBI_FWFT_MISALIGNED_DELEG arch/riscv/include/asm/cpufeature.h | 14 +- arch/riscv/include/asm/kvm_host.h | 5 +- arch/riscv/include/asm/kvm_vcpu_sbi.h | 12 + arch/riscv/include/asm/kvm_vcpu_sbi_fwft.h | 29 +++ arch/riscv/include/asm/sbi.h | 60 +++++ arch/riscv/include/uapi/asm/kvm.h | 1 + arch/riscv/kernel/sbi.c | 81 ++++++- arch/riscv/kernel/traps_misaligned.c | 112 ++++++++- arch/riscv/kernel/unaligned_access_speed.c | 8 +- arch/riscv/kvm/Makefile | 1 + arch/riscv/kvm/vcpu.c | 4 +- arch/riscv/kvm/vcpu_sbi.c | 54 +++++ arch/riscv/kvm/vcpu_sbi_fwft.c | 257 +++++++++++++++++++++ arch/riscv/kvm/vcpu_sbi_sta.c | 3 +- 14 files changed, 620 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-) create mode 100644 arch/riscv/include/asm/kvm_vcpu_sbi_fwft.h create mode 100644 arch/riscv/kvm/vcpu_sbi_fwft.c -- 2.49.0

2 hours, 3 minutes

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[PATCH v3 0/1] cpuset: relax the overlap check for cgroup-v2

by Sun Shaojie

In cgroup v2, a mutual overlap check is required when at least one of two cpusets is exclusive. However, this check should be relaxed and limited to cases where both cpusets are exclusive. This patch ensures that for sibling cpusets A1 (exclusive) and B1 (non-exclusive), change B1 cannot affect A1's exclusivity. for example. Assume a machine has 4 CPUs (0-3). root cgroup / \ A1 B1 Case 1: Table 1.1: Before applying the patch Step | A1's prstate | B1'sprstate | #1> echo "0-1" > A1/cpuset.cpus | member | member | #2> echo "root" > A1/cpuset.cpus.partition | root | member | #3> echo "0" > B1/cpuset.cpus | root invalid | member | After step #3, A1 changes from "root" to "root invalid" because its CPUs (0-1) overlap with those requested by B1 (0-3). However, B1 can actually use CPUs 2-3(from B1's parent), so it would be more reasonable for A1 to remain as "root." Table 1.2: After applying the patch Step | A1's prstate | B1'sprstate | #1> echo "0-1" > A1/cpuset.cpus | member | member | #2> echo "root" > A1/cpuset.cpus.partition | root | member | #3> echo "0" > B1/cpuset.cpus | root | member | Case 2: (This situation remains unchanged from before) Table 2.1: Before applying the patch Step | A1's prstate | B1'sprstate | #1> echo "0-1" > A1/cpuset.cpus | member | member | #3> echo "1-2" > B1/cpuset.cpus | member | member | #2> echo "root" > A1/cpuset.cpus.partition | root invalid | member | Table 2.2: After applying the patch Step | A1's prstate | B1'sprstate | #1> echo "0-1" > A1/cpuset.cpus | member | member | #3> echo "1-2" > B1/cpuset.cpus | member | member | #2> echo "root" > A1/cpuset.cpus.partition | root invalid | member | All other cases remain unaffected. For example, cgroup-v1, both A1 and B1 are exclusive or non-exlusive. --- v3 -> v4: - Adjust the test_cpuset_prt.sh test file to align with the current behavior. v2 -> v3: - Ensure compliance with constraints such as cpuset.cpus.exclusive. - Link: https://lore.kernel.org/cgroups/20251113131434.606961-1-sunshaojie@kylinos.… v1 -> v2: - Keeps the current cgroup v1 behavior unchanged - Link: https://lore.kernel.org/cgroups/c8e234f4-2c27-4753-8f39-8ae83197efd3@redhat… --- kernel/cgroup/cpuset-internal.h | 3 ++ kernel/cgroup/cpuset-v1.c | 20 +++++++++ kernel/cgroup/cpuset.c | 43 ++++++++++++++----- .../selftests/cgroup/test_cpuset_prs.sh | 5 ++- 4 files changed, 58 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-) -- 2.25.1

4 hours, 47 minutes

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[PATCH net-next v12 00/12] vsock: add namespace support to vhost-vsock and loopback

by Bobby Eshleman

This series adds namespace support to vhost-vsock and loopback. It does not add namespaces to any of the other guest transports (virtio-vsock, hyperv, or vmci). The current revision supports two modes: local and global. Local mode is complete isolation of namespaces, while global mode is complete sharing between namespaces of CIDs (the original behavior). The mode is set using /proc/sys/net/vsock/ns_mode. Modes are per-netns and write-once. This allows a system to configure namespaces independently (some may share CIDs, others are completely isolated). This also supports future possible mixed use cases, where there may be namespaces in global mode spinning up VMs while there are mixed mode namespaces that provide services to the VMs, but are not allowed to allocate from the global CID pool (this mode is not implemented in this series). If a socket or VM is created when a namespace is global but the namespace changes to local, the socket or VM will continue working normally. That is, the socket or VM assumes the mode behavior of the namespace at the time the socket/VM was created. The original mode is captured in vsock_create() and so occurs at the time of socket(2) and accept(2) for sockets and open(2) on /dev/vhost-vsock for VMs. This prevents a socket/VM connection from suddenly breaking due to a namespace mode change. Any new sockets/VMs created after the mode change will adopt the new mode's behavior. Additionally, added tests for the new namespace features: tools/testing/selftests/vsock/vmtest.sh 1..28 ok 1 vm_server_host_client ok 2 vm_client_host_server ok 3 vm_loopback ok 4 ns_host_vsock_ns_mode_ok ok 5 ns_host_vsock_ns_mode_write_once_ok ok 6 ns_global_same_cid_fails ok 7 ns_local_same_cid_ok ok 8 ns_global_local_same_cid_ok ok 9 ns_local_global_same_cid_ok ok 10 ns_diff_global_host_connect_to_global_vm_ok ok 11 ns_diff_global_host_connect_to_local_vm_fails ok 12 ns_diff_global_vm_connect_to_global_host_ok ok 13 ns_diff_global_vm_connect_to_local_host_fails ok 14 ns_diff_local_host_connect_to_local_vm_fails ok 15 ns_diff_local_vm_connect_to_local_host_fails ok 16 ns_diff_global_to_local_loopback_local_fails ok 17 ns_diff_local_to_global_loopback_fails ok 18 ns_diff_local_to_local_loopback_fails ok 19 ns_diff_global_to_global_loopback_ok ok 20 ns_same_local_loopback_ok ok 21 ns_same_local_host_connect_to_local_vm_ok ok 22 ns_same_local_vm_connect_to_local_host_ok ok 23 ns_mode_change_connection_continue_vm_ok ok 24 ns_mode_change_connection_continue_host_ok ok 25 ns_mode_change_connection_continue_both_ok ok 26 ns_delete_vm_ok ok 27 ns_delete_host_ok ok 28 ns_delete_both_ok SUMMARY: PASS=28 SKIP=0 FAIL=0 Dependent on series: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20251108-vsock-selftests-fixes-and-improvements… Thanks again for everyone's help and reviews! Suggested-by: Sargun Dhillon <sargun(a)sargun.me> Signed-off-by: Bobby Eshleman <bobbyeshleman(a)gmail.com> Changes in v12: - add ns mode checking to _allow() callbacks to reject local mode for incompatible transports (Stefano) - flip vhost/loopback to return true for stream_allow() and seqpacket_allow() in "vsock: add netns support to virtio transports" (Stefano) - add VMADDR_CID_ANY + local mode documentation in af_vsock.c (Stefano) - change "selftests/vsock: add tests for host <-> vm connectivity with namespaces" to skip test 29 in vsock_test for namespace local vsock_test calls in a host local-mode namespace. There is a false-positive edge case for that test encountered with the ->stream_allow() approach. More details in that patch. - updated cover letter with new test output - Link to v11: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20251120-vsock-vmtest-v11-0-55cbc80249a7@meta.com Changes in v11: - vmtest: add a patch to use ss in wait_for_listener functions and support vsock, tcp, and unix. Change all patches to use the new functions. - vmtest: add a patch to re-use vm dmesg / warn counting functions - Link to v10: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20251117-vsock-vmtest-v10-0-df08f165bf3e@meta.com Changes in v10: - Combine virtio common patches into one (Stefano) - Resolve vsock_loopback virtio_transport_reset_no_sock() issue with info->vsk setting. This eliminates the need for skb->cb, so remove skb->cb patches. - many line width 80 fixes - Link to v9: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20251111-vsock-vmtest-v9-0-852787a37bed@meta.com Changes in v9: - reorder loopback patch after patch for virtio transport common code - remove module ordering tests patch because loopback no longer depends on pernet ops - major simplifications in vsock_loopback - added a new patch for blocking local mode for guests, added test case to check - add net ref tracking to vsock_loopback patch - Link to v8: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20251023-vsock-vmtest-v8-0-dea984d02bb0@meta.com Changes in v8: - Break generic cleanup/refactoring patches into standalone series, remove those from this series - Link to dependency: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20251022-vsock-selftests-fixes-and-improvements… - Link to v7: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20251021-vsock-vmtest-v7-0-0661b7b6f081@meta.com Changes in v7: - fix hv_sock build - break out vmtest patches into distinct, more well-scoped patches - change `orig_net_mode` to `net_mode` - many fixes and style changes in per-patch change sets (see individual patches for specific changes) - optimize `virtio_vsock_skb_cb` layout - update commit messages with more useful descriptions - vsock_loopback: use orig_net_mode instead of current net mode - add tests for edge cases (ns deletion, mode changing, loopback module load ordering) - Link to v6: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250916-vsock-vmtest-v6-0-064d2eb0c89d@meta.com Changes in v6: - define behavior when mode changes to local while socket/VM is alive - af_vsock: clarify description of CID behavior - af_vsock: use stronger langauge around CID rules (dont use "may") - af_vsock: improve naming of buf/buffer - af_vsock: improve string length checking on proc writes - vsock_loopback: add space in struct to clarify lock protection - vsock_loopback: do proper cleanup/unregister on vsock_loopback_exit() - vsock_loopback: use virtio_vsock_skb_net() instead of sock_net() - vsock_loopback: set loopback to NULL after kfree() - vsock_loopback: use pernet_operations and remove callback mechanism - vsock_loopback: add macros for "global" and "local" - vsock_loopback: fix length checking - vmtest.sh: check for namespace support in vmtest.sh - Link to v5: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250827-vsock-vmtest-v5-0-0ba580bede5b@meta.com Changes in v5: - /proc/net/vsock_ns_mode -> /proc/sys/net/vsock/ns_mode - vsock_global_net -> vsock_global_dummy_net - fix netns lookup in vhost_vsock to respect pid namespaces - add callbacks for vsock_loopback to avoid circular dependency - vmtest.sh loads vsock_loopback module - remove vsock_net_mode_can_set() - change vsock_net_write_mode() to return true/false based on success - make vsock_net_mode enum instead of u8 - Link to v4: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250805-vsock-vmtest-v4-0-059ec51ab111@meta.com Changes in v4: - removed RFC tag - implemented loopback support - renamed new tests to better reflect behavior - completed suite of tests with permutations of ns modes and vsock_test as guest/host - simplified socat bridging with unix socket instead of tcp + veth - only use vsock_test for success case, socat for failure case (context in commit message) - lots of cleanup Changes in v3: - add notion of "modes" - add procfs /proc/net/vsock_ns_mode - local and global modes only - no /dev/vhost-vsock-netns - vmtest.sh already merged, so new patch just adds new tests for NS - Link to v2: https://lore.kernel.org/kvm/20250312-vsock-netns-v2-0-84bffa1aa97a@gmail.com Changes in v2: - only support vhost-vsock namespaces - all g2h namespaces retain old behavior, only common API changes impacted by vhost-vsock changes - add /dev/vhost-vsock-netns for "opt-in" - leave /dev/vhost-vsock to old behavior - removed netns module param - Link to v1: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200116172428.311437-1-sgarzare@redhat.com Changes in v1: - added 'netns' module param to vsock.ko to enable the network namespace support (disabled by default) - added 'vsock_net_eq()' to check the "net" assigned to a socket only when 'netns' support is enabled - Link to RFC: https://patchwork.ozlabs.org/cover/1202235/ --- Bobby Eshleman (12): vsock: a per-net vsock NS mode state vsock: add netns to vsock core virtio: set skb owner of virtio_transport_reset_no_sock() reply vsock: add netns support to virtio transports selftests/vsock: add namespace helpers to vmtest.sh selftests/vsock: prepare vm management helpers for namespaces selftests/vsock: add vm_dmesg_{warn,oops}_count() helpers selftests/vsock: use ss to wait for listeners instead of /proc/net selftests/vsock: add tests for proc sys vsock ns_mode selftests/vsock: add namespace tests for CID collisions selftests/vsock: add tests for host <-> vm connectivity with namespaces selftests/vsock: add tests for namespace deletion and mode changes MAINTAINERS | 1 + drivers/vhost/vsock.c | 59 +- include/linux/virtio_vsock.h | 12 +- include/net/af_vsock.h | 57 +- include/net/net_namespace.h | 4 + include/net/netns/vsock.h | 17 + net/vmw_vsock/af_vsock.c | 272 +++++++- net/vmw_vsock/hyperv_transport.c | 7 +- net/vmw_vsock/virtio_transport.c | 19 +- net/vmw_vsock/virtio_transport_common.c | 75 ++- net/vmw_vsock/vmci_transport.c | 26 +- net/vmw_vsock/vsock_loopback.c | 23 +- tools/testing/selftests/vsock/vmtest.sh | 1077 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-- 13 files changed, 1522 insertions(+), 127 deletions(-) --- base-commit: 962ac5ca99a5c3e7469215bf47572440402dfd59 change-id: 20250325-vsock-vmtest-b3a21d2102c2 prerequisite-message-id: <20251022-vsock-selftests-fixes-and-improvements-v1-0-edeb179d6463(a)meta.com> prerequisite-patch-id: a2eecc3851f2509ed40009a7cab6990c6d7cfff5 prerequisite-patch-id: 501db2100636b9c8fcb3b64b8b1df797ccbede85 prerequisite-patch-id: ba1a2f07398a035bc48ef72edda41888614be449 prerequisite-patch-id: fd5cc5445aca9355ce678e6d2bfa89fab8a57e61 prerequisite-patch-id: 795ab4432ffb0843e22b580374782e7e0d99b909 prerequisite-patch-id: 1499d263dc933e75366c09e045d2125ca39f7ddd prerequisite-patch-id: f92d99bb1d35d99b063f818a19dcda999152d74c prerequisite-patch-id: e3296f38cdba6d903e061cff2bbb3e7615e8e671 prerequisite-patch-id: bc4662b4710d302d4893f58708820fc2a0624325 prerequisite-patch-id: f8991f2e98c2661a706183fde6b35e2b8d9aedcf prerequisite-patch-id: 44bf9ed69353586d284e5ee63d6fffa30439a698 prerequisite-patch-id: d50621bc630eeaf608bbaf260370c8dabf6326df Best regards, -- Bobby Eshleman <bobbyeshleman(a)meta.com>

23 hours, 16 minutes

3
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[PATCH] kselftest: futex: Fix memset with zero size warning

by Wake Liu

The `FIXTURE(args)` macro defines an empty `struct _test_data_args`, leading to `sizeof(struct _test_data_args)` evaluating to 0. This caused a build error due to a compiler warning on a `memset` call with a zero size argument. Adding a dummy member to the struct ensures its size is non-zero, resolving the build issue. Signed-off-by: Wake Liu <wakel(a)google.com> --- tools/testing/selftests/futex/functional/futex_requeue_pi.c | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/futex/functional/futex_requeue_pi.c b/tools/testing/selftests/futex/functional/futex_requeue_pi.c index f299d75848cd..000fec468835 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/futex/functional/futex_requeue_pi.c +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/futex/functional/futex_requeue_pi.c @@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ struct thread_arg { FIXTURE(args) { + char dummy; }; FIXTURE_SETUP(args) -- 2.52.0.rc1.455.g30608eb744-goog

1 day, 3 hours

3
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[PATCH RFC net-next v13 00/13] vsock: add namespace support to vhost-vsock and loopback

by Bobby Eshleman

This series adds namespace support to vhost-vsock and loopback. It does not add namespaces to any of the other guest transports (virtio-vsock, hyperv, or vmci). The current revision supports two modes: local and global. Local mode is complete isolation of namespaces, while global mode is complete sharing between namespaces of CIDs (the original behavior). The mode is set using the parent namespace's /proc/sys/net/vsock/child_ns_mode and inherited when a new namespace is created. The mode of the current namespace can be queried by reading /proc/sys/net/vsock/ns_mode. The mode can not change after the namespace has been created. Modes are per-netns. This allows a system to configure namespaces independently (some may share CIDs, others are completely isolated). This also supports future possible mixed use cases, where there may be namespaces in global mode spinning up VMs while there are mixed mode namespaces that provide services to the VMs, but are not allowed to allocate from the global CID pool (this mode is not implemented in this series). Additionally, added tests for the new namespace features: tools/testing/selftests/vsock/vmtest.sh 1..25 ok 1 vm_server_host_client ok 2 vm_client_host_server ok 3 vm_loopback ok 4 ns_host_vsock_ns_mode_ok ok 5 ns_host_vsock_child_ns_mode_ok ok 6 ns_global_same_cid_fails ok 7 ns_local_same_cid_ok ok 8 ns_global_local_same_cid_ok ok 9 ns_local_global_same_cid_ok ok 10 ns_diff_global_host_connect_to_global_vm_ok ok 11 ns_diff_global_host_connect_to_local_vm_fails ok 12 ns_diff_global_vm_connect_to_global_host_ok ok 13 ns_diff_global_vm_connect_to_local_host_fails ok 14 ns_diff_local_host_connect_to_local_vm_fails ok 15 ns_diff_local_vm_connect_to_local_host_fails ok 16 ns_diff_global_to_local_loopback_local_fails ok 17 ns_diff_local_to_global_loopback_fails ok 18 ns_diff_local_to_local_loopback_fails ok 19 ns_diff_global_to_global_loopback_ok ok 20 ns_same_local_loopback_ok ok 21 ns_same_local_host_connect_to_local_vm_ok ok 22 ns_same_local_vm_connect_to_local_host_ok ok 23 ns_delete_vm_ok ok 24 ns_delete_host_ok ok 25 ns_delete_both_ok SUMMARY: PASS=25 SKIP=0 FAIL=0 Thanks again for everyone's help and reviews! Suggested-by: Sargun Dhillon <sargun(a)sargun.me> Signed-off-by: Bobby Eshleman <bobbyeshleman(a)gmail.com> Changes in v13: - add support for immutable sysfs ns_mode and inheritance from sysfs child_ns_mode - remove passing around of net_mode, can be accessed now via vsock_net_mode(net) since it is immutable - update tests for new uAPI - add one patch to extend the kselftest timeout (it was starting to fail with the new tests added) - Link to v12: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20251126-vsock-vmtest-v12-0-257ee21cd5de@meta.com Changes in v12: - add ns mode checking to _allow() callbacks to reject local mode for incompatible transports (Stefano) - flip vhost/loopback to return true for stream_allow() and seqpacket_allow() in "vsock: add netns support to virtio transports" (Stefano) - add VMADDR_CID_ANY + local mode documentation in af_vsock.c (Stefano) - change "selftests/vsock: add tests for host <-> vm connectivity with namespaces" to skip test 29 in vsock_test for namespace local vsock_test calls in a host local-mode namespace. There is a false-positive edge case for that test encountered with the ->stream_allow() approach. More details in that patch. - updated cover letter with new test output - Link to v11: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20251120-vsock-vmtest-v11-0-55cbc80249a7@meta.com Changes in v11: - vmtest: add a patch to use ss in wait_for_listener functions and support vsock, tcp, and unix. Change all patches to use the new functions. - vmtest: add a patch to re-use vm dmesg / warn counting functions - Link to v10: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20251117-vsock-vmtest-v10-0-df08f165bf3e@meta.com Changes in v10: - Combine virtio common patches into one (Stefano) - Resolve vsock_loopback virtio_transport_reset_no_sock() issue with info->vsk setting. This eliminates the need for skb->cb, so remove skb->cb patches. - many line width 80 fixes - Link to v9: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20251111-vsock-vmtest-v9-0-852787a37bed@meta.com Changes in v9: - reorder loopback patch after patch for virtio transport common code - remove module ordering tests patch because loopback no longer depends on pernet ops - major simplifications in vsock_loopback - added a new patch for blocking local mode for guests, added test case to check - add net ref tracking to vsock_loopback patch - Link to v8: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20251023-vsock-vmtest-v8-0-dea984d02bb0@meta.com Changes in v8: - Break generic cleanup/refactoring patches into standalone series, remove those from this series - Link to dependency: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20251022-vsock-selftests-fixes-and-improvements… - Link to v7: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20251021-vsock-vmtest-v7-0-0661b7b6f081@meta.com Changes in v7: - fix hv_sock build - break out vmtest patches into distinct, more well-scoped patches - change `orig_net_mode` to `net_mode` - many fixes and style changes in per-patch change sets (see individual patches for specific changes) - optimize `virtio_vsock_skb_cb` layout - update commit messages with more useful descriptions - vsock_loopback: use orig_net_mode instead of current net mode - add tests for edge cases (ns deletion, mode changing, loopback module load ordering) - Link to v6: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250916-vsock-vmtest-v6-0-064d2eb0c89d@meta.com Changes in v6: - define behavior when mode changes to local while socket/VM is alive - af_vsock: clarify description of CID behavior - af_vsock: use stronger langauge around CID rules (dont use "may") - af_vsock: improve naming of buf/buffer - af_vsock: improve string length checking on proc writes - vsock_loopback: add space in struct to clarify lock protection - vsock_loopback: do proper cleanup/unregister on vsock_loopback_exit() - vsock_loopback: use virtio_vsock_skb_net() instead of sock_net() - vsock_loopback: set loopback to NULL after kfree() - vsock_loopback: use pernet_operations and remove callback mechanism - vsock_loopback: add macros for "global" and "local" - vsock_loopback: fix length checking - vmtest.sh: check for namespace support in vmtest.sh - Link to v5: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250827-vsock-vmtest-v5-0-0ba580bede5b@meta.com Changes in v5: - /proc/net/vsock_ns_mode -> /proc/sys/net/vsock/ns_mode - vsock_global_net -> vsock_global_dummy_net - fix netns lookup in vhost_vsock to respect pid namespaces - add callbacks for vsock_loopback to avoid circular dependency - vmtest.sh loads vsock_loopback module - remove vsock_net_mode_can_set() - change vsock_net_write_mode() to return true/false based on success - make vsock_net_mode enum instead of u8 - Link to v4: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250805-vsock-vmtest-v4-0-059ec51ab111@meta.com Changes in v4: - removed RFC tag - implemented loopback support - renamed new tests to better reflect behavior - completed suite of tests with permutations of ns modes and vsock_test as guest/host - simplified socat bridging with unix socket instead of tcp + veth - only use vsock_test for success case, socat for failure case (context in commit message) - lots of cleanup Changes in v3: - add notion of "modes" - add procfs /proc/net/vsock_ns_mode - local and global modes only - no /dev/vhost-vsock-netns - vmtest.sh already merged, so new patch just adds new tests for NS - Link to v2: https://lore.kernel.org/kvm/20250312-vsock-netns-v2-0-84bffa1aa97a@gmail.com Changes in v2: - only support vhost-vsock namespaces - all g2h namespaces retain old behavior, only common API changes impacted by vhost-vsock changes - add /dev/vhost-vsock-netns for "opt-in" - leave /dev/vhost-vsock to old behavior - removed netns module param - Link to v1: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200116172428.311437-1-sgarzare@redhat.com Changes in v1: - added 'netns' module param to vsock.ko to enable the network namespace support (disabled by default) - added 'vsock_net_eq()' to check the "net" assigned to a socket only when 'netns' support is enabled - Link to RFC: https://patchwork.ozlabs.org/cover/1202235/ --- Bobby Eshleman (13): vsock: add per-net vsock NS mode state vsock: add netns to vsock core virtio: set skb owner of virtio_transport_reset_no_sock() reply vsock: add netns support to virtio transports selftests/vsock: increase timeout to 1200 selftests/vsock: add namespace helpers to vmtest.sh selftests/vsock: prepare vm management helpers for namespaces selftests/vsock: add vm_dmesg_{warn,oops}_count() helpers selftests/vsock: use ss to wait for listeners instead of /proc/net selftests/vsock: add tests for proc sys vsock ns_mode selftests/vsock: add namespace tests for CID collisions selftests/vsock: add tests for host <-> vm connectivity with namespaces selftests/vsock: add tests for namespace deletion MAINTAINERS | 1 + drivers/vhost/vsock.c | 44 +- include/linux/virtio_vsock.h | 9 +- include/net/af_vsock.h | 53 +- include/net/net_namespace.h | 4 + include/net/netns/vsock.h | 17 + net/vmw_vsock/af_vsock.c | 296 ++++++++- net/vmw_vsock/hyperv_transport.c | 7 +- net/vmw_vsock/virtio_transport.c | 22 +- net/vmw_vsock/virtio_transport_common.c | 62 +- net/vmw_vsock/vmci_transport.c | 26 +- net/vmw_vsock/vsock_loopback.c | 22 +- tools/testing/selftests/vsock/settings | 2 +- tools/testing/selftests/vsock/vmtest.sh | 1055 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-- 14 files changed, 1487 insertions(+), 133 deletions(-) --- base-commit: 962ac5ca99a5c3e7469215bf47572440402dfd59 change-id: 20250325-vsock-vmtest-b3a21d2102c2 prerequisite-message-id: <20251022-vsock-selftests-fixes-and-improvements-v1-0-edeb179d6463(a)meta.com> prerequisite-patch-id: a2eecc3851f2509ed40009a7cab6990c6d7cfff5 prerequisite-patch-id: 501db2100636b9c8fcb3b64b8b1df797ccbede85 prerequisite-patch-id: ba1a2f07398a035bc48ef72edda41888614be449 prerequisite-patch-id: fd5cc5445aca9355ce678e6d2bfa89fab8a57e61 prerequisite-patch-id: 795ab4432ffb0843e22b580374782e7e0d99b909 prerequisite-patch-id: 1499d263dc933e75366c09e045d2125ca39f7ddd prerequisite-patch-id: f92d99bb1d35d99b063f818a19dcda999152d74c prerequisite-patch-id: e3296f38cdba6d903e061cff2bbb3e7615e8e671 prerequisite-patch-id: bc4662b4710d302d4893f58708820fc2a0624325 prerequisite-patch-id: f8991f2e98c2661a706183fde6b35e2b8d9aedcf prerequisite-patch-id: 44bf9ed69353586d284e5ee63d6fffa30439a698 prerequisite-patch-id: d50621bc630eeaf608bbaf260370c8dabf6326df Best regards, -- Bobby Eshleman <bobbyeshleman(a)meta.com>

1 day, 11 hours

1
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[PATCH 0/2] vfio: selftests: Clean up <uapi/linux/types.h> includes

by David Matlack

Small clean up series to eliminate the extra includes of <uapi/linux/types.h> from various VFIO selftests files. This include is not causing any problems now, but it is causing benign typedef redifinitions. Those redifinitions will become a problem when the VFIO selftests library is built into KVM selftests, since KVM selftests build with -std=gnu99. Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed(a)google.com> Cc: Josh Hilke <jrhilke(a)google.com> David Matlack (2): tools include: Add definitions for __aligned_{l,b}e64 vfio: selftests: Drop <uapi/linux/types.h> includes tools/include/linux/types.h | 8 ++++++++ .../selftests/vfio/lib/include/libvfio/iova_allocator.h | 1 - tools/testing/selftests/vfio/lib/iommu.c | 1 - tools/testing/selftests/vfio/lib/iova_allocator.c | 1 - tools/testing/selftests/vfio/lib/vfio_pci_device.c | 1 - tools/testing/selftests/vfio/vfio_dma_mapping_test.c | 1 - tools/testing/selftests/vfio/vfio_iommufd_setup_test.c | 1 - 7 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) base-commit: d721f52e31553a848e0e9947ca15a49c5674aef3 -- 2.52.0.322.g1dd061c0dc-goog

1 day, 12 hours

2
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[PATCH 0/3] EDITME: cover title for b4/kunit-user-alloc

by Brendan Jackman

kunit_attach_mm() leaks an mm_struct (verified with dumb printf debugging). Fix that. In the process, add a new kthread mm operation, and clean up some nearby cleanup code in the KUnit lib. --- Here's how I understand mm refcounts: funcs | counter | manages lifecycle of... -------------------------------------------------------- mmgrab()/mmdrop() | mm_count | mm_struct and PGD -------------------------------------------------------- mmget()/mmput() | mm_users | userspace address space All mm_users references share a single reference to the mm_struct. --- Brendan Jackman (3): kunit: test: Delete pointless resource API usage kthread: Add kthread_take_mm() kunit: test: fix mm_struct leak in kunit_attach_mm() include/linux/kthread.h | 1 + kernel/fork.c | 3 +- kernel/kthread.c | 36 +++++++++++++++++------ lib/kunit/user_alloc.c | 78 +++++-------------------------------------------- 4 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 81 deletions(-) --- base-commit: 9448598b22c50c8a5bb77a9103e2d49f134c9578 change-id: 20251223-b4-kunit-user-alloc-6ae8df0b8a92 Best regards, -- Brendan Jackman <jackmanb(a)google.com>

1 day, 19 hours

1
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[PATCH v2 0/3] bitmap: convert self-test to KUnit

by Tamir Duberstein

This is the last remaining "Test Module" kselftest, the rest having been converted to KUnit. Relative to v1 this keeps benchmarks out of KUnit in light of Yury's concerns: On Sat, Feb 8, 2025 at 12:53 PM Yury Norov <yury.norov(a)gmail.com> wrote: > > [...] > > This is my evidence: sometimes people report performance or whatever > issues on their systems, suspecting bitmaps guilty. I ask them to run > the bitmap or find_bit test to narrow the problem. Sometimes I need to > test a hardware I have no access to, and I have to (kindly!) ask people > to build a small test and run it. I don't want to ask them to rebuild > the whole kernel, or even to build something else. > > https://lore.kernel.org/all/YuWk3titnOiQACzC@yury-laptop/ I tested this using: $ tools/testing/kunit/kunit.py run --arch arm64 --make_options LLVM=1 bitmap There was a previous attempt[2] to do this in July 2024. Please bear with me as I try to understand and address the objections from that time. I've spoken with Muhammad Usama Anjum, the author of that series, and received their approval to "take over" this work. Here we go... On 7/26/24 11:45 PM, John Hubbard wrote: > > This changes the situation from "works for Linus' tab completion > case", to "causes a tab completion problem"! :) > > I think a tests/ subdir is how we eventually decided to do this [1], > right? > > So: > > lib/tests/bitmap_kunit.c > > [1] https://lore.kernel.org/20240724201354.make.730-kees@kernel.org This is true and unfortunate, but not trivial to fix because new kallsyms tests were placed in lib/tests in commit 84b4a51fce4c ("selftests: add new kallsyms selftests") *after* the KUnit filename best practices were adopted. I propose that the KUnit maintainers blaze this trail using `string_kunit.c` which currently still lives in lib/ despite the KUnit docs giving it as an example at lib/tests/. On 7/27/24 12:24 AM, Shuah Khan wrote: > > This change will take away the ability to run bitmap tests during > boot on a non-kunit kernel. > > Nack on this change. I wan to see all tests that are being removed > from lib because they have been converted - also it doesn't make > sense to convert some tests like this one that add the ability test > during boot. This point was also discussed in another thread[3] in which: On 7/27/24 12:35 AM, Shuah Khan wrote: > > Please make sure you aren't taking away the ability to run these tests during > boot. > > It doesn't make sense to convert every single test especially when it > is intended to be run during boot without dependencies - not as a kunit test > but a regression test during boot. > > bitmap is one example - pay attention to the config help test - bitmap > one clearly states it runs regression testing during boot. Any test that > says that isn't a candidate for conversion. > > I am going to nack any such conversions. The crux of the argument seems to be that the config help text is taken to describe the author's intent with the fragment "at boot". I think this may be a case of confirmation bias: I see at least the following KUnit tests with "at boot" in their help text: - CPUMASK_KUNIT_TEST - BITFIELD_KUNIT - CHECKSUM_KUNIT - UTIL_MACROS_KUNIT It seems to me that the inference being made is that any test that runs "at boot" is intended to be run by both developers and users, but I find no evidence that bitmap in particular would ever provide additional value when run by users. There's further discussion about KUnit not being "ideal for cases where people would want to check a subsystem on a running kernel", but I find no evidence that bitmap in particular is actually testing the running kernel; it is a unit test of the bitmap functions, which is also stated in the config help text. David Gow made many of the same points in his final reply[4], which was never replied to. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250207-printf-kunit-convert-v2-0-057b23860823… [0] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250207-scanf-kunit-convert-v4-0-a23e2afaede8@… [1] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240726110658.2281070-1-usama.anjum@collabora.… [2] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/327831fb-47ab-4555-8f0b-19a8dbcaacd7@collabora.… [3] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/CABVgOSmMoPD3JfzVd4VTkzGL2fZCo8LfwzaVSzeFimPrhg… [4] Thanks for your attention. Signed-off-by: Tamir Duberstein <tamird(a)gmail.com> --- Changes in v2: - Rebase on v6.19-rc1, dropping the first patch. - Extract benchmarks into new module and deduplicate `test_bitmap_{read,write}_perf`. - Remove tc_err() and use KUnit assertions. - Parameterize `test_bitmap_cut` and `test_bitmap_parse{,list}`. - Drop KUnit boilerplate from BITMAP_KUNIT_TEST help text. - Drop arch changes. - Link to v1: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250207-bitmap-kunit-convert-v1-0-c520675343b6@g… --- Tamir Duberstein (3): test_bitmap: extract benchmark module bitmap: convert self-test to KUnit bitmap: break kunit into test cases MAINTAINERS | 3 +- lib/Kconfig.debug | 16 +- lib/Makefile | 5 +- lib/bitmap_benchmark.c | 89 +++++ lib/{test_bitmap.c => bitmap_kunit.c} | 630 ++++++++++++++-------------------- tools/testing/selftests/lib/Makefile | 2 +- tools/testing/selftests/lib/bitmap.sh | 3 - tools/testing/selftests/lib/config | 1 - 8 files changed, 360 insertions(+), 389 deletions(-) --- base-commit: 8f0b4cce4481fb22653697cced8d0d04027cb1e8 change-id: 20250207-bitmap-kunit-convert-92d3147b2eee Best regards, -- Tamir Duberstein <tamird(a)gmail.com>

1 day, 21 hours

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Re: [PATCH v3 1/3] selftests/mm/write_to_hugetlbfs: parse -s as size_t

by David Laight

On Mon, 22 Dec 2025 09:45:41 +0800 Li Wang <liwang(a)redhat.com> wrote: > On Mon, Dec 22, 2025 at 6:11 AM David Laight <david.laight.linux(a)gmail.com> > wrote: > > > On Sun, 21 Dec 2025 20:26:37 +0800 > > Li Wang <liwang(a)redhat.com> wrote: > > > > > write_to_hugetlbfs currently parses the -s size argument with atoi() > > > into an int. This silently accepts malformed input, cannot report > > overflow, > > > and can truncate large sizes. > > > > And sscanf() will just ignore invalid trailing characters. > > Probably much the same as atoi() apart from a leading '-'. > > > > Maybe you could use "%zu%c" and check the count is 1 - but I bet > > some static checker won't like that. > > > > Yes, that would be stronger, since it would reject trailing garbage. > But for a selftest this is probably sufficient: switching to size_t and > parsing with "%zu" already avoids the int truncation issue. Have you checked at what does sscanf() does with an overlong digit string? I'd guess that it just processes all the digits and then masks the result to fix (like the kernel one does). It reality scanf() is 'not the function you are lookign for'. IIRC the 'SUS' (used to) say that this was absolutely fine for command line parsing for 'standard utilities'. It is best to use strtoul() and check the 'end' character is '\0'. David > > @Andrew Morton <akpm(a)linux-foundation.org>, > > Hi Andrew, I noticed you have addedthe patches to your mm-new branch, > Let me know if you prefer the "%zu%c" enhancement in a new version. > >

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