November 2022 - Linux-kselftest-mirror

[PATCH 0/1] Possible bug in zram on ppc64le on vfat

by Petr Vorel

Hi all, following bug is trying to workaround an error on ppc64le, where zram01.sh LTP test (there is also kernel selftest tools/testing/selftests/zram/zram01.sh, but LTP test got further updates) has often mem_used_total 0 although zram is already filled. Patch tries to repeatedly read /sys/block/zram*/mm_stat for 1 sec, waiting for mem_used_total > 0. The question if this is expected and should be workarounded or a bug which should be fixed. REPRODUCE THE ISSUE Quickest way to install only zram tests and their dependencies: make autotools && ./configure && for i in testcases/lib/ testcases/kernel/device-drivers/zram/; do cd $i && make -j$(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) && make install && cd -; done Run the test (only on vfat) PATH="/opt/ltp/testcases/bin:$PATH" LTP_SINGLE_FS_TYPE=vfat zram01.sh Petr Vorel (1): zram01.sh: Workaround division by 0 on vfat on ppc64le .../kernel/device-drivers/zram/zram01.sh | 27 +++++++++++++++++-- 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) -- 2.38.0

8 months, 3 weeks

5
19
0 0

[syzbot] WARNING in btrfs_free_reserved_data_space_noquota

by syzbot

Hello, syzbot found the following issue on: HEAD commit: b7b275e60bcd Linux 6.1-rc7 git tree: upstream console+strace: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/log.txt?x=158a7b73880000 kernel config: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/.config?x=2325e409a9a893e1 dashboard link: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=adec8406ad17413d4c06 compiler: Debian clang version 13.0.1-++20220126092033+75e33f71c2da-1~exp1~20220126212112.63, GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Debian) 2.35.2 syz repro: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/repro.syz?x=169ccb75880000 C reproducer: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/repro.c?x=17bf7153880000 Downloadable assets: disk image: https://storage.googleapis.com/syzbot-assets/525233126d34/disk-b7b275e6.raw… vmlinux: https://storage.googleapis.com/syzbot-assets/e8299bf41400/vmlinux-b7b275e6.… kernel image: https://storage.googleapis.com/syzbot-assets/eebf691dbf6f/bzImage-b7b275e6.… mounted in repro: https://storage.googleapis.com/syzbot-assets/5423c2d2ad62/mount_0.gz The issue was bisected to: commit c814bf958926ff45a9c1e899bd001006ab6cfbae Author: ye xingchen <ye.xingchen(a)zte.com.cn> Date: Tue Aug 16 10:51:06 2022 +0000 powerpc/selftests: Use timersub() for gettimeofday() bisection log: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/bisect.txt?x=118c3d03880000 final oops: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/report.txt?x=138c3d03880000 console output: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/log.txt?x=158c3d03880000 IMPORTANT: if you fix the issue, please add the following tag to the commit: Reported-by: syzbot+adec8406ad17413d4c06(a)syzkaller.appspotmail.com Fixes: c814bf958926 ("powerpc/selftests: Use timersub() for gettimeofday()") RDX: 0000000000000001 RSI: 0000000020000280 RDI: 0000000000000005 RBP: 00007ffd32e91c70 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000008000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000006 R13: 00007ffd32e91cb0 R14: 00007ffd32e91c90 R15: 0000000000000006 </TASK> ------------[ cut here ]------------ WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 3764 at fs/btrfs/space-info.h:122 btrfs_space_info_free_bytes_may_use fs/btrfs/space-info.h:154 [inline] WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 3764 at fs/btrfs/space-info.h:122 btrfs_free_reserved_data_space_noquota+0x219/0x2b0 fs/btrfs/delalloc-space.c:179 Modules linked in: CPU: 1 PID: 3764 Comm: syz-executor759 Not tainted 6.1.0-rc7-syzkaller #0 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/26/2022 RIP: 0010:btrfs_space_info_update_bytes_may_use fs/btrfs/space-info.h:122 [inline] RIP: 0010:btrfs_space_info_free_bytes_may_use fs/btrfs/space-info.h:154 [inline] RIP: 0010:btrfs_free_reserved_data_space_noquota+0x219/0x2b0 fs/btrfs/delalloc-space.c:179 Code: 2f 00 74 08 4c 89 ef e8 b5 98 32 fe 49 8b 5d 00 48 89 df 4c 8b 74 24 08 4c 89 f6 e8 21 81 de fd 4c 39 f3 73 16 e8 d7 7e de fd <0f> 0b 31 db 4c 8b 34 24 41 80 3c 2f 00 75 8c eb 92 e8 c1 7e de fd RSP: 0018:ffffc9000443f410 EFLAGS: 00010293 RAX: ffffffff83ac1919 RBX: 00000000005cb000 RCX: ffff888027989d40 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000800000 RDI: 00000000005cb000 RBP: dffffc0000000000 R08: ffffffff83ac190f R09: fffffbfff1cebe0e R10: fffffbfff1cebe0e R11: 1ffffffff1cebe0d R12: ffff8880774f3800 R13: ffff8880774f3860 R14: 0000000000800000 R15: 1ffff1100ee9e70c FS: 0000555555aaa300(0000) GS:ffff8880b9900000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 00007f0d98f20140 CR3: 0000000025ccf000 CR4: 00000000003506e0 DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 Call Trace: <TASK> btrfs_free_reserved_data_space+0x9d/0xd0 fs/btrfs/delalloc-space.c:199 btrfs_dio_iomap_begin+0x8f7/0x1070 fs/btrfs/inode.c:7762 iomap_iter+0x606/0x8a0 fs/iomap/iter.c:74 __iomap_dio_rw+0xd91/0x20d0 fs/iomap/direct-io.c:601 btrfs_dio_write+0x9c/0xe0 fs/btrfs/inode.c:8094 btrfs_direct_write fs/btrfs/file.c:1835 [inline] btrfs_do_write_iter+0x871/0x1260 fs/btrfs/file.c:1980 do_iter_write+0x6c2/0xc20 fs/read_write.c:861 vfs_writev fs/read_write.c:934 [inline] do_pwritev+0x200/0x350 fs/read_write.c:1031 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:50 [inline] do_syscall_64+0x3d/0xb0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:80 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0xcd RIP: 0033:0x7f0d98ea8ea9 Code: 28 00 00 00 75 05 48 83 c4 28 c3 e8 41 15 00 00 90 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 c0 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48 RSP: 002b:00007ffd32e91c38 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000148 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000000003 RCX: 00007f0d98ea8ea9 RDX: 0000000000000001 RSI: 0000000020000280 RDI: 0000000000000005 RBP: 00007ffd32e91c70 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000008000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000006 R13: 00007ffd32e91cb0 R14: 00007ffd32e91c90 R15: 0000000000000006 </TASK> --- This report is generated by a bot. It may contain errors. See https://goo.gl/tpsmEJ for more information about syzbot. syzbot engineers can be reached at syzkaller(a)googlegroups.com. syzbot will keep track of this issue. See: https://goo.gl/tpsmEJ#status for how to communicate with syzbot. For information about bisection process see: https://goo.gl/tpsmEJ#bisection syzbot can test patches for this issue, for details see: https://goo.gl/tpsmEJ#testing-patches

8 months, 4 weeks

2
2
0 0

Re: [PATCH -next] selftests/landlock: Fix selftest ptrace_test run fail

by Mickaël Salaün

I checked and the Landlock ptrace test failed because Yama is enabled, which is expected. You can check that with /proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope Jeff Xu sent a patch to fix this case but it is not ready yet: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220628222941.2642917-1-jeffxu@google.com Could you please send a new patch Jeff, and add Limin in Cc? On 29/11/2022 12:26, limin wrote: > cat /proc/cmdline > BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-6.1.0-next-20221116 > root=UUID=a65b3a79-dc02-4728-8a0c-5cf24f4ae08b ro > systemd.unified_cgroup_hierarchy=1 cgroup_no_v1=all > > > config > > # > # Automatically generated file; DO NOT EDIT. > # Linux/x86 6.1.0-rc6 Kernel Configuration > # [...] > CONFIG_SECURITY_YAMA=y [...] > CONFIG_LSM="landlock,lockdown,yama,integrity,apparmor" [...] > > On 2022/11/29 19:03, Mickaël Salaün wrote: >> I tested with next-20221116 and all tests are OK. Could you share your >> kernel configuration with a link? What is the content of /proc/cmdline? >> >> On 29/11/2022 02:42, limin wrote: >>> I run test on Linux ubuntu2204 6.1.0-next-20221116 >>> >>> I did't use yama. >>> >>> you can reproduce by this step: >>> >>> cd kernel_src >>> >>> cd tools/testing/selftests/landlock/ >>> make >>> ./ptrace_test >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> On 2022/11/29 3:44, Mickaël Salaün wrote: >>>> This patch changes the test semantic and then cannot work on my test >>>> environment. On which kernel did you run test? Do you use Yama or >>>> something similar? >>>> >>>> On 28/11/2022 03:04, limin wrote: >>>>> Tests PTRACE_ATTACH and PTRACE_MODE_READ on the parent, >>>>> trace parent return -1 when child== 0 >>>>> How to reproduce warning: >>>>> $ make -C tools/testing/selftests TARGETS=landlock run_tests >>>>> >>>>> Signed-off-by: limin <limin100(a)huawei.com> >>>>> --- >>>>> tools/testing/selftests/landlock/ptrace_test.c | 5 ++--- >>>>> 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) >>>>> >>>>> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/landlock/ptrace_test.c >>>>> b/tools/testing/selftests/landlock/ptrace_test.c >>>>> index c28ef98ff3ac..88c4dc63eea0 100644 >>>>> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/landlock/ptrace_test.c >>>>> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/landlock/ptrace_test.c >>>>> @@ -267,12 +267,11 @@ TEST_F(hierarchy, trace) >>>>> /* Tests PTRACE_ATTACH and PTRACE_MODE_READ on the >>>>> parent. */ >>>>> err_proc_read = test_ptrace_read(parent); >>>>> ret = ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, parent, NULL, 0); >>>>> + EXPECT_EQ(-1, ret); >>>>> + EXPECT_EQ(EPERM, errno); >>>>> if (variant->domain_child) { >>>>> - EXPECT_EQ(-1, ret); >>>>> - EXPECT_EQ(EPERM, errno); >>>>> EXPECT_EQ(EACCES, err_proc_read); >>>>> } else { >>>>> - EXPECT_EQ(0, ret); >>>>> EXPECT_EQ(0, err_proc_read); >>>>> } >>>>> if (ret == 0) {

9 months

2
2
0 0

[PATCH v5 0/9] drm: selftest: Convert to KUnit

by Maíra Canal

Hi everyone, Here is the v5 of the conversion of selftests to KUnit. Since the v4, the only fix was checking the checkpatch warnings and checks (Thank you Javier). Thanks for your attention and any feedback is welcomed! Best Regards, - Maíra Canal v1 -> v2: https://lore.kernel.org/dri-devel/20220615135824.15522-1-maira.canal@usp.br… - The suites not longer end in _tests (David Gow). - Remove the TODO entry involving the conversion of selftests to KUnit (Javier Martinez Canillas). - Change the filenames to match the documentation: use *_test.c (Javier Martinez Canillas). - Add MODULE_LICENSE to all tests (kernel test robot). - Make use of a generic symbol to group all tests - DRM_KUNIT_TEST (Javier Martinez Canillas). - Add .kunitconfig on the first patch (it was on the second patch of the series). - Straightforward conversion of the drm_cmdline_parser tests without functional changes (Shuah Khan) - Add David's Tested-by tags. v2 -> v3: https://lore.kernel.org/dri-devel/20220621200926.257002-1-maira.canal@usp.b… - Rebase it on top of the drm-misc-next with drm_format_helper KUnit tests. - Change KUNIT_EXPECT_FALSE to KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ on drm_format_test (Daniel Latypov). - Add Daniel's Acked-by tag. v3 -> v4: https://lore.kernel.org/dri-devel/9185aadb-e459-00fe-70be-3675f6f3ef4c@redh… - Add blank line after #include <kunit/test.h> (Javier Martinez Canillas). - Make the order of the tags chronological (Javier Martinez Canillas). - Add Copywrite to the tests (Javier Martinez Canillas). - Add Javier Martinez Canillas's Reviewed-By tag. v4 -> v5: https://lore.kernel.org/dri-devel/20220702131116.457444-1-maira.canal@usp.b… - Fix checkpatch warnings and checks (Javier Martinez Canillas). Arthur Grillo (1): drm: selftest: convert drm_mm selftest to KUnit Maíra Canal (8): drm: selftest: convert drm_damage_helper selftest to KUnit drm: selftest: convert drm_cmdline_parser selftest to KUnit drm: selftest: convert drm_rect selftest to KUnit drm: selftest: convert drm_format selftest to KUnit drm: selftest: convert drm_plane_helper selftest to KUnit drm: selftest: convert drm_dp_mst_helper selftest to KUnit drm: selftest: convert drm_framebuffer selftest to KUnit drm: selftest: convert drm_buddy selftest to KUnit Documentation/gpu/todo.rst | 11 - drivers/gpu/drm/Kconfig | 20 +- drivers/gpu/drm/Makefile | 1 - drivers/gpu/drm/selftests/Makefile | 8 - .../gpu/drm/selftests/drm_buddy_selftests.h | 15 - .../gpu/drm/selftests/drm_cmdline_selftests.h | 68 - drivers/gpu/drm/selftests/drm_mm_selftests.h | 28 - .../gpu/drm/selftests/drm_modeset_selftests.h | 40 - drivers/gpu/drm/selftests/drm_selftest.c | 109 -- drivers/gpu/drm/selftests/drm_selftest.h | 41 - drivers/gpu/drm/selftests/test-drm_buddy.c | 994 ------------- .../drm/selftests/test-drm_cmdline_parser.c | 1141 --------------- .../drm/selftests/test-drm_damage_helper.c | 668 --------- drivers/gpu/drm/selftests/test-drm_format.c | 280 ---- .../drm/selftests/test-drm_modeset_common.c | 32 - .../drm/selftests/test-drm_modeset_common.h | 52 - drivers/gpu/drm/selftests/test-drm_rect.c | 223 --- drivers/gpu/drm/tests/Makefile | 4 +- drivers/gpu/drm/tests/drm_buddy_test.c | 756 ++++++++++ .../gpu/drm/tests/drm_cmdline_parser_test.c | 1078 ++++++++++++++ .../gpu/drm/tests/drm_damage_helper_test.c | 634 +++++++++ .../drm_dp_mst_helper_test.c} | 89 +- drivers/gpu/drm/tests/drm_format_test.c | 287 ++++ .../drm_framebuffer_test.c} | 77 +- .../test-drm_mm.c => tests/drm_mm_test.c} | 1248 +++++++---------- .../drm_plane_helper_test.c} | 122 +- drivers/gpu/drm/tests/drm_rect_test.c | 214 +++ 27 files changed, 3652 insertions(+), 4588 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 drivers/gpu/drm/selftests/Makefile delete mode 100644 drivers/gpu/drm/selftests/drm_buddy_selftests.h delete mode 100644 drivers/gpu/drm/selftests/drm_cmdline_selftests.h delete mode 100644 drivers/gpu/drm/selftests/drm_mm_selftests.h delete mode 100644 drivers/gpu/drm/selftests/drm_modeset_selftests.h delete mode 100644 drivers/gpu/drm/selftests/drm_selftest.c delete mode 100644 drivers/gpu/drm/selftests/drm_selftest.h delete mode 100644 drivers/gpu/drm/selftests/test-drm_buddy.c delete mode 100644 drivers/gpu/drm/selftests/test-drm_cmdline_parser.c delete mode 100644 drivers/gpu/drm/selftests/test-drm_damage_helper.c delete mode 100644 drivers/gpu/drm/selftests/test-drm_format.c delete mode 100644 drivers/gpu/drm/selftests/test-drm_modeset_common.c delete mode 100644 drivers/gpu/drm/selftests/test-drm_modeset_common.h delete mode 100644 drivers/gpu/drm/selftests/test-drm_rect.c create mode 100644 drivers/gpu/drm/tests/drm_buddy_test.c create mode 100644 drivers/gpu/drm/tests/drm_cmdline_parser_test.c create mode 100644 drivers/gpu/drm/tests/drm_damage_helper_test.c rename drivers/gpu/drm/{selftests/test-drm_dp_mst_helper.c => tests/drm_dp_mst_helper_test.c} (72%) create mode 100644 drivers/gpu/drm/tests/drm_format_test.c rename drivers/gpu/drm/{selftests/test-drm_framebuffer.c => tests/drm_framebuffer_test.c} (86%) rename drivers/gpu/drm/{selftests/test-drm_mm.c => tests/drm_mm_test.c} (55%) rename drivers/gpu/drm/{selftests/test-drm_plane_helper.c => tests/drm_plane_helper_test.c} (57%) create mode 100644 drivers/gpu/drm/tests/drm_rect_test.c -- 2.35.3

9 months

10
25
0 0

ww_mutex.sh hangs since v5.16-rc1

by Li Zhijian

Hi Folks LKP/0Day found that ww_mutex.sh cannot complete since v5.16-rc1, but I'm pretty sorry that we failed to bisect the FBC, instead, the bisection pointed to a/below merge commit(91e1c99e17) finally. Due to this hang, other tests in the same group are also blocked in 0Day, we hope we can fix this hang ASAP. So if you have any idea about this, or need more debug information, feel free to let me know :) BTW, ww_mutex.sh was failed in v5.15 without hang, and looks it cannot reproduce on a vm. Our box: root@lkp-knm01 ~# lscpu Architecture: x86_64 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order: Little Endian Address sizes: 46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual CPU(s): 288 On-line CPU(s) list: 0-287 Thread(s) per core: 4 Core(s) per socket: 72 Socket(s): 1 NUMA node(s): 2 Vendor ID: GenuineIntel CPU family: 6 Model: 133 Model name: Intel(R) Xeon Phi(TM) CPU 7295 @ 1.50GHz Stepping: 0 CPU MHz: 1385.255 CPU max MHz: 1600.0000 CPU min MHz: 1000.0000 BogoMIPS: 2992.76 Virtualization: VT-x L1d cache: 32K L1i cache: 32K L2 cache: 1024K NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-287 NUMA node1 CPU(s): Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 fma cx16 xtpr pdcm sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch ring3mwait cpuid_fault epb pti tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms avx512f rdseed adx avx512pf avx512er avx512cd xsaveopt dtherm ida arat pln pts avx512_vpopcntdq avx512_4vnniw avx512_4fmaps Below the call stack in v5.16-rc2 [ 1000.374954][ T2713] make: Leaving directory '/usr/src/perf_selftests-x86_64-rhel-8.3-kselftests-136057256686de39cc3a07c2e39ef6bc43003ff6/tools/testing/selftests/locking' [ 1000.375030][ T2713] [ 1000.428791][ T2713] 2021-11-22 22:21:27 make run_tests -C locking [ 1000.428864][ T2713] [ 1000.491043][ T2713] make: Entering directory '/usr/src/perf_selftests-x86_64-rhel-8.3-kselftests-136057256686de39cc3a07c2e39ef6bc43003ff6/tools/testing/selftests/locking' [ 1000.491121][ T2713] [ 1000.540807][ T2713] TAP version 13 [ 1000.540882][ T2713] [ 1000.576050][ T2713] 1..1 [ 1000.576282][ T2713] [ 1000.612980][ T2713] # selftests: locking: ww_mutex.sh [ 1000.613288][ T2713] [ 1495.201324][ T1577] INFO: task kworker/u576:16:1470 blocked for more than 491 seconds. [ 1495.220059][ T1577] Tainted: G B 5.16.0-rc2 #1 [ 1495.240902][ T1577] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. [ 1495.265617][ T1577] task:kworker/u576:16 state:D stack: 0 pid: 1470 ppid: 2 flags:0x00004000 [ 1495.289054][ T1577] Workqueue: test-ww_mutex test_cycle_work [test_ww_mutex] [ 1495.310936][ T1577] Call Trace: [ 1495.327809][ T1577] <TASK> [ 1495.344735][ T1577] __schedule+0xdb0/0x25c0 [ 1495.362764][ T1577] ? io_schedule_timeout+0x180/0x180 [ 1495.382013][ T1577] ? lock_downgrade+0x680/0x680 [ 1495.400894][ T1577] ? do_raw_spin_lock+0x125/0x2c0 [ 1495.418866][ T1577] schedule+0xe4/0x280 [ 1495.435597][ T1577] schedule_preempt_disabled+0x18/0x40 [ 1495.454588][ T1577] __ww_mutex_lock+0x1248/0x34c0 [ 1495.476189][ T1577] ? test_cycle_work+0x1bb/0x500 [test_ww_mutex] [ 1495.497763][ T1577] ? mutex_lock_interruptible_nested+0x40/0x40 [ 1495.518959][ T1577] ? lock_downgrade+0x680/0x680 [ 1495.536861][ T1577] ? wait_for_completion_interruptible+0x340/0x340 [ 1495.556253][ T1577] ? ww_mutex_lock+0x3e/0x380 [ 1495.574003][ T1577] ww_mutex_lock+0x3e/0x380 [ 1495.591958][ T1577] test_cycle_work+0x1bb/0x500 [test_ww_mutex] [ 1495.612260][ T1577] ? stress_reorder_work+0xa00/0xa00 [test_ww_mutex] [ 1495.632857][ T1577] ? 0xffffffff81000000 [ 1495.649027][ T1577] ? rcu_read_lock_sched_held+0x5f/0x100 [ 1495.668211][ T1577] ? rcu_read_lock_bh_held+0xc0/0xc0 [ 1495.687010][ T1577] process_one_work+0x817/0x13c0 [ 1495.704991][ T1577] ? rcu_read_unlock+0x40/0x40 [ 1495.723024][ T1577] ? pwq_dec_nr_in_flight+0x280/0x280 [ 1495.740211][ T1577] ? rwlock_bug+0xc0/0xc0 [ 1495.758038][ T1577] worker_thread+0x8b/0xd80 [ 1495.775008][ T1577] ? process_one_work+0x13c0/0x13c0 [ 1495.793017][ T1577] kthread+0x3b9/0x4c0 [ 1495.810782][ T1577] ? set_kthread_struct+0x100/0x100 [ 1495.829988][ T1577] ret_from_fork+0x22/0x30 [ 1495.845811][ T1577] </TASK> [ 1495.859087][ T1577] INFO: task kworker/u576:36:1490 blocked for more than 492 seconds. [ 1495.879048][ T1577] Tainted: G B 5.16.0-rc2 #1 [ 1495.897879][ T1577] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. [ 1495.919582][ T1577] task:kworker/u576:36 state:D stack: 0 pid: 1490 ppid: 2 flags:0x00004000 [ 1495.941865][ T1577] Workqueue: test-ww_mutex test_cycle_work [test_ww_mutex] [ 1495.959889][ T1577] Call Trace: [ 1495.974816][ T1577] <TASK> [ 1495.988759][ T1577] __schedule+0xdb0/0x25c0 [ 1495.988759][ T1577] __schedule+0xdb0/0x25c0 [ 1496.003849][ T1577] ? io_schedule_timeout+0x180/0x180 [ 1496.020839][ T1577] ? lock_downgrade+0x680/0x680 [ 1496.036854][ T1577] ? do_raw_spin_lock+0x125/0x2c0 [ 1496.051976][ T1577] schedule+0xe4/0x280 [ 1496.067780][ T1577] schedule_preempt_disabled+0x18/0x40 [ 1496.085004][ T1577] __ww_mutex_lock+0x1248/0x34c0 [ 1496.101895][ T1577] ? test_cycle_work+0x1bb/0x500 [test_ww_mutex] [ 1496.119889][ T1577] ? mutex_lock_interruptible_nested+0x40/0x40 [ 1496.137873][ T1577] ? lock_downgrade+0x680/0x680 [ 1496.152657][ T1577] ? wait_for_completion_interruptible+0x340/0x340 [ 1496.168773][ T1577] ? ww_mutex_lock+0x3e/0x380 [ 1496.184862][ T1577] ww_mutex_lock+0x3e/0x380 [ 1496.199979][ T1577] test_cycle_work+0x1bb/0x500 [test_ww_mutex] [ 1496.216277][ T1577] ? stress_reorder_work+0xa00/0xa00 [test_ww_mutex] [ 1496.234904][ T1577] ? 0xffffffff81000000 [ 1496.249856][ T1577] ? rcu_read_lock_sched_held+0x5f/0x100 [ 1496.265951][ T1577] ? rcu_read_lock_bh_held+0xc0/0xc0 [ 1496.282815][ T1577] process_one_work+0x817/0x13c0 [ 1496.299791][ T1577] ? rcu_read_unlock+0x40/0x40 [ 1496.314754][ T1577] ? pwq_dec_nr_in_flight+0x280/0x280 [ 1496.331779][ T1577] ? rwlock_bug+0xc0/0xc0 [ 1496.348007][ T1577] worker_thread+0x8b/0xd80 [ 1496.362905][ T1577] ? process_one_work+0x13c0/0x13c0 [ 1496.378975][ T1577] kthread+0x3b9/0x4c0 [ 1496.393866][ T1577] ? set_kthread_struct+0x100/0x100 [ 1496.408827][ T1577] ret_from_fork+0x22/0x30 [ 1496.423901][ T1577] </TASK> [ 1496.437994][ T1577] INFO: task kworker/u576:0:15113 blocked for more than 492 seconds. [ 1496.455862][ T1577] Tainted: G B 5.16.0-rc2 #1 [ 1496.473759][ T1577] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. [ 1496.494808][ T1577] task:kworker/u576:0 state:D stack: 0 pid:15113 ppid: 2 flags:0x00004000 [ 1496.517000][ T1577] Workqueue: test-ww_mutex test_cycle_work [test_ww_mutex] [ 1496.537035][ T1577] Call Trace: [ 1496.551187][ T1577] <TASK> [ 1496.566405][ T1577] __schedule+0xdb0/0x25c0 [ 1496.582012][ T1577] ? io_schedule_timeout+0x180/0x180 [ 1496.598049][ T1577] ? lock_downgrade+0x680/0x680 [ 1496.615360][ T1577] ? do_raw_spin_lock+0x125/0x2c0 [ 1496.631835][ T1577] schedule+0xe4/0x280 [ 1496.645972][ T1577] schedule_preempt_disabled+0x18/0x40 [ 1496.663774][ T1577] __ww_mutex_lock+0x1248/0x34c0 [ 1496.681795][ T1577] ? test_cycle_work+0x1bb/0x500 [test_ww_mutex] [ 1496.698731][ T1577] ? mutex_lock_interruptible_nested+0x40/0x40 [ 1496.714996][ T1577] ? lock_downgrade+0x680/0x680 [ 1496.730888][ T1577] ? wait_for_completion_interruptible+0x340/0x340 [ 1496.747926][ T1577] ? ww_mutex_lock+0x3e/0x380 [ 1496.762482][ T1577] ww_mutex_lock+0x3e/0x380 [ 1496.778844][ T1577] test_cycle_work+0x1bb/0x500 [test_ww_mutex] And, we found that it occasionally hangs on v5.16-rc3 (1/3 runs), below is a good dmesg. [ 962.136756][ T2950] make: Entering directory '/usr/src/perf_selftests-x86_64-rhel-8.3-kselftests-d58071a8a76d779eedab38033ae4c821c30295a5/tools/testing/selftests/locking' [ 962.136831][ T2950]- [ 962.205036][ T2950] TAP version 13 [ 962.206003][ T2950]- [ 962.298458][ T2950] 1..1 [ 962.299657][ T2950]- [ 962.345588][ T2950] # selftests: locking: ww_mutex.sh [ 962.345657][ T2950]- [ 973.641869][T25509] All ww mutex selftests passed [ 973.773996][ T2950] # locking/ww_mutex: ok [ 973.774068][ T2950]- [ 973.774236][ T2960] # locking/ww_mutex: ok [ 973.802355][ T2960]- [ 973.829966][ T2950] ok 1 selftests: locking: ww_mutex.sh [ 973.834748][ T2950]- [ 973.838302][ T2960] ok 1 selftests: locking: ww_mutex.sh [ 973.899815][ T2960]- [ 973.921431][ T2950] make: Leaving directory '/usr/src/perf_selftests-x86_64-rhel-8.3-kselftests-d58071a8a76d779eedab38033ae4c821c30295a5/tools/testing/selftests/locking' [ 973.932312][ T2950]- [ 973.957345][ T2960] make: Leaving directory '/usr/src/perf_selftests-x86_64-rhel-8.3-kselftests-d58071a8a76d779eedab38033ae4c821c30295a5/tools/testing/selftests/locking' Thanks Zhijian@0Day

9 months, 3 weeks

3
3
0 0

[PATCH -next] selftests/ptrace: Fix Test terminated by timeout in ptrace_attach

by limin

That is an open issue Bernd Edlinger wrote the test case in anticipation that all of patch series got accepted,but the last patch was not picked up for inclusion in the linux kernel. How to reproduce warning: $ make -C tools/testing/selftests TARGETS=ptrace run_tests Example vmaccess from 6.1.0-next source tree run fail on bare metal RUN global.attach ... attach: Test terminated by timeout FAIL global.attach Link:https://lore.kernel.org/all/AM8PR10MB4708E6FF0E155261455064C2E4209@AM8… Fixes: 2de4e82318c7 ("selftests/ptrace: add test cases for dead-locks") Signed-off-by: limin <limin100(a)huawei.com> --- tools/testing/selftests/ptrace/vmaccess.c | 37 ++++++++--------------- 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-) diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/ptrace/vmaccess.c b/tools/testing/selftests/ptrace/vmaccess.c index 4db327b44586..751a41f1163c 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/ptrace/vmaccess.c +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/ptrace/vmaccess.c @@ -45,42 +45,31 @@ TEST(vmaccess) TEST(attach) { - int s, k, pid = fork(); + int k; + int s; + pid_t pid = fork(); if (!pid) { - pthread_t pt; - - pthread_create(&pt, NULL, thread, NULL); - pthread_join(pt, NULL); + ptrace(PTRACE_TRACEME, 0, NULL, NULL); execlp("sleep", "sleep", "2", NULL); } sleep(1); k = ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, pid, 0L, 0L); - ASSERT_EQ(errno, EAGAIN); + printf("k1:%d\n", k); + ASSERT_EQ(k, -1); + waitpid(pid, &s, WNOHANG); ASSERT_EQ(k, -1); - k = waitpid(-1, &s, WNOHANG); - ASSERT_NE(k, -1); ASSERT_NE(k, 0); ASSERT_NE(k, pid); - ASSERT_EQ(WIFEXITED(s), 1); - ASSERT_EQ(WEXITSTATUS(s), 0); - sleep(1); - k = ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, pid, 0L, 0L); - ASSERT_EQ(k, 0); - k = waitpid(-1, &s, 0); - ASSERT_EQ(k, pid); + if (WIFEXITED(s)) + ASSERT_EQ(WEXITSTATUS(s), 0); + if (WIFSTOPPED(s)) + ASSERT_EQ(WSTOPSIG(s), SIGTRAP); ASSERT_EQ(WIFSTOPPED(s), 1); - ASSERT_EQ(WSTOPSIG(s), SIGSTOP); - k = ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, pid, 0L, 0L); - ASSERT_EQ(k, 0); - k = waitpid(-1, &s, 0); - ASSERT_EQ(k, pid); - ASSERT_EQ(WIFEXITED(s), 1); - ASSERT_EQ(WEXITSTATUS(s), 0); - k = waitpid(-1, NULL, 0); + sleep(1); + ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, pid, NULL, NULL); ASSERT_EQ(k, -1); - ASSERT_EQ(errno, ECHILD); } TEST_HARNESS_MAIN -- 2.33.0

10 months

4
3
0 0

[PATCH v7 00/14] KVM: mm: fd-based approach for supporting KVM guest private memory

by Chao Peng

This is the v7 of this series which tries to implement the fd-based KVM guest private memory. The patches are based on latest kvm/queue branch commit: b9b71f43683a (kvm/queue) KVM: x86/mmu: Buffer nested MMU split_desc_cache only by default capacity Introduction ------------ In general this patch series introduce fd-based memslot which provides guest memory through memory file descriptor fd[offset,size] instead of hva/size. The fd can be created from a supported memory filesystem like tmpfs/hugetlbfs etc. which we refer as memory backing store. KVM and the the memory backing store exchange callbacks when such memslot gets created. At runtime KVM will call into callbacks provided by the backing store to get the pfn with the fd+offset. Memory backing store will also call into KVM callbacks when userspace punch hole on the fd to notify KVM to unmap secondary MMU page table entries. Comparing to existing hva-based memslot, this new type of memslot allows guest memory unmapped from host userspace like QEMU and even the kernel itself, therefore reduce attack surface and prevent bugs. Based on this fd-based memslot, we can build guest private memory that is going to be used in confidential computing environments such as Intel TDX and AMD SEV. When supported, the memory backing store can provide more enforcement on the fd and KVM can use a single memslot to hold both the private and shared part of the guest memory. mm extension --------------------- Introduces new MFD_INACCESSIBLE flag for memfd_create(), the file created with these flags cannot read(), write() or mmap() etc via normal MMU operations. The file content can only be used with the newly introduced memfile_notifier extension. The memfile_notifier extension provides two sets of callbacks for KVM to interact with the memory backing store: - memfile_notifier_ops: callbacks for memory backing store to notify KVM when memory gets invalidated. - backing store callbacks: callbacks for KVM to call into memory backing store to request memory pages for guest private memory. The memfile_notifier extension also provides APIs for memory backing store to register/unregister itself and to trigger the notifier when the bookmarked memory gets invalidated. The patchset also introduces a new memfd seal F_SEAL_AUTO_ALLOCATE to prevent double allocation caused by unintentional guest when we only have a single side of the shared/private memfds effective. memslot extension ----------------- Add the private fd and the fd offset to existing 'shared' memslot so that both private/shared guest memory can live in one single memslot. A page in the memslot is either private or shared. Whether a guest page is private or shared is maintained through reusing existing SEV ioctls KVM_MEMORY_ENCRYPT_{UN,}REG_REGION. Test ---- To test the new functionalities of this patch TDX patchset is needed. Since TDX patchset has not been merged so I did two kinds of test: - Regresion test on kvm/queue (this patchset) Most new code are not covered. Code also in below repo: https://github.com/chao-p/linux/tree/privmem-v7 - New Funational test on latest TDX code The patch is rebased to latest TDX code and tested the new funcationalities. See below repos: Linux: https://github.com/chao-p/linux/tree/privmem-v7-tdx QEMU: https://github.com/chao-p/qemu/tree/privmem-v7 An example QEMU command line for TDX test: -object tdx-guest,id=tdx,debug=off,sept-ve-disable=off \ -machine confidential-guest-support=tdx \ -object memory-backend-memfd-private,id=ram1,size=${mem} \ -machine memory-backend=ram1 Changelog ---------- v7: - Move the private/shared info from backing store to KVM. - Introduce F_SEAL_AUTO_ALLOCATE to avoid double allocation. - Rework on the sync mechanism between zap/page fault paths. - Addressed other comments in v6. v6: - Re-organzied patch for both mm/KVM parts. - Added flags for memfile_notifier so its consumers can state their features and memory backing store can check against these flags. - Put a backing store reference in the memfile_notifier and move pfn_ops into backing store. - Only support boot time backing store register. - Overall KVM part improvement suggested by Sean and some others. v5: - Removed userspace visible F_SEAL_INACCESSIBLE, instead using an in-kernel flag (SHM_F_INACCESSIBLE for shmem). Private fd can only be created by MFD_INACCESSIBLE. - Introduced new APIs for backing store to register itself to memfile_notifier instead of direct function call. - Added the accounting and restriction for MFD_INACCESSIBLE memory. - Added KVM API doc for new memslot extensions and man page for the new MFD_INACCESSIBLE flag. - Removed the overlap check for mapping the same file+offset into multiple gfns due to perf consideration, warned in document. - Addressed other comments in v4. v4: - Decoupled the callbacks between KVM/mm from memfd and use new name 'memfile_notifier'. - Supported register multiple memslots to the same backing store. - Added per-memslot pfn_ops instead of per-system. - Reworked the invalidation part. - Improved new KVM uAPIs (private memslot extension and memory error) per Sean's suggestions. - Addressed many other minor fixes for comments from v3. v3: - Added locking protection when calling invalidate_page_range/fallocate callbacks. - Changed memslot structure to keep use useraddr for shared memory. - Re-organized F_SEAL_INACCESSIBLE and MEMFD_OPS. - Added MFD_INACCESSIBLE flag to force F_SEAL_INACCESSIBLE. - Commit message improvement. - Many small fixes for comments from the last version. Links to previous discussions ----------------------------- [1] Original design proposal: https://lkml.kernel.org/kvm/20210824005248.200037-1-seanjc@google.com/ [2] Updated proposal and RFC patch v1: https://lkml.kernel.org/linux-fsdevel/20211111141352.26311-1-chao.p.peng@li… [3] Patch v5: https://lkml.org/lkml/2022/5/19/861 Chao Peng (12): mm: Add F_SEAL_AUTO_ALLOCATE seal to memfd selftests/memfd: Add tests for F_SEAL_AUTO_ALLOCATE mm: Introduce memfile_notifier mm/memfd: Introduce MFD_INACCESSIBLE flag KVM: Rename KVM_PRIVATE_MEM_SLOTS to KVM_INTERNAL_MEM_SLOTS KVM: Use gfn instead of hva for mmu_notifier_retry KVM: Rename mmu_notifier_* KVM: Extend the memslot to support fd-based private memory KVM: Add KVM_EXIT_MEMORY_FAULT exit KVM: Register/unregister the guest private memory regions KVM: Handle page fault for private memory KVM: Enable and expose KVM_MEM_PRIVATE Kirill A. Shutemov (1): mm/shmem: Support memfile_notifier Documentation/virt/kvm/api.rst | 77 +++++- arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c | 8 +- arch/mips/include/asm/kvm_host.h | 2 +- arch/mips/kvm/mmu.c | 10 +- arch/powerpc/include/asm/kvm_book3s_64.h | 2 +- arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_64_mmu_host.c | 4 +- arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_64_mmu_hv.c | 4 +- arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_64_mmu_radix.c | 6 +- arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv_nested.c | 2 +- arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv_rm_mmu.c | 8 +- arch/powerpc/kvm/e500_mmu_host.c | 4 +- arch/riscv/kvm/mmu.c | 4 +- arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h | 3 +- arch/x86/kvm/Kconfig | 3 + arch/x86/kvm/mmu.h | 2 - arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c | 74 +++++- arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu_internal.h | 18 ++ arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmutrace.h | 1 + arch/x86/kvm/mmu/paging_tmpl.h | 4 +- arch/x86/kvm/x86.c | 2 +- include/linux/kvm_host.h | 105 +++++--- include/linux/memfile_notifier.h | 91 +++++++ include/linux/shmem_fs.h | 2 + include/uapi/linux/fcntl.h | 1 + include/uapi/linux/kvm.h | 37 +++ include/uapi/linux/memfd.h | 1 + mm/Kconfig | 4 + mm/Makefile | 1 + mm/memfd.c | 18 +- mm/memfile_notifier.c | 123 ++++++++++ mm/shmem.c | 125 +++++++++- tools/testing/selftests/memfd/memfd_test.c | 166 +++++++++++++ virt/kvm/Kconfig | 3 + virt/kvm/kvm_main.c | 272 ++++++++++++++++++--- virt/kvm/pfncache.c | 14 +- 35 files changed, 1074 insertions(+), 127 deletions(-) create mode 100644 include/linux/memfile_notifier.h create mode 100644 mm/memfile_notifier.c -- 2.25.1

11 months, 1 week

23
171
0 0

[PATCH -next v2 0/6] landlock: add chmod and chown support

by Xiu Jianfeng

v2: * abstract walk_to_visible_parent() helper * chmod and chown rights only take affect on directory's context * add testcase for fchmodat/lchown/fchownat * fix other review issues Xiu Jianfeng (6): landlock: expand access_mask_t to u32 type landlock: abstract walk_to_visible_parent() helper landlock: add chmod and chown support landlock/selftests: add selftests for chmod and chown landlock/samples: add chmod and chown support landlock: update chmod and chown support in document Documentation/userspace-api/landlock.rst | 9 +- include/uapi/linux/landlock.h | 10 +- samples/landlock/sandboxer.c | 13 +- security/landlock/fs.c | 110 ++++++-- security/landlock/limits.h | 2 +- security/landlock/ruleset.h | 2 +- security/landlock/syscalls.c | 2 +- tools/testing/selftests/landlock/base_test.c | 2 +- tools/testing/selftests/landlock/fs_test.c | 267 ++++++++++++++++++- 9 files changed, 386 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-) -- 2.17.1

11 months, 4 weeks

4
30
0 0

[PATCH v2] selftests/kselftest/runner/run_one(): Allow running non-executable files

by SeongJae Park

From: SeongJae Park <sjpark(a)amazon.de> When running a test program, 'run_one()' checks if the program has the execution permission and fails if it doesn't. However, it's easy to mistakenly missing the permission, as some common tools like 'diff' don't support the permission change well[1]. Compared to that, making mistakes in the test program's path would only rare, as those are explicitly listed in 'TEST_PROGS'. Therefore, it might make more sense to resolve the situation on our own and run the program. For the reason, this commit makes the test program runner function to still print the warning message but try parsing the interpreter of the program and explicitly run it with the interpreter, in the case. [1] https://lore.kernel.org/mm-commits/YRJisBs9AunccCD4@kroah.com/ Suggested-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh(a)linuxfoundation.org> Signed-off-by: SeongJae Park <sjpark(a)amazon.de> --- Changes from v1 (https://lore.kernel.org/linux-kselftest/20210810140459.23990-1-sj38.park@gm…) - Parse and use the interpreter instead of changing the file tools/testing/selftests/kselftest/runner.sh | 28 +++++++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kselftest/runner.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/kselftest/runner.sh index cc9c846585f0..a9ba782d8ca0 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/kselftest/runner.sh +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kselftest/runner.sh @@ -33,9 +33,9 @@ tap_timeout() { # Make sure tests will time out if utility is available. if [ -x /usr/bin/timeout ] ; then - /usr/bin/timeout --foreground "$kselftest_timeout" "$1" + /usr/bin/timeout --foreground "$kselftest_timeout" $1 else - "$1" + $1 fi } @@ -65,17 +65,25 @@ run_one() TEST_HDR_MSG="selftests: $DIR: $BASENAME_TEST" echo "# $TEST_HDR_MSG" - if [ ! -x "$TEST" ]; then - echo -n "# Warning: file $TEST is " - if [ ! -e "$TEST" ]; then - echo "missing!" - else - echo "not executable, correct this." - fi + if [ ! -e "$TEST" ]; then + echo "# Warning: file $TEST is missing!" echo "not ok $test_num $TEST_HDR_MSG" else + cmd="./$BASENAME_TEST" + if [ ! -x "$TEST" ]; then + echo "# Warning: file $TEST is not executable" + + if [ $(head -n 1 "$TEST" | cut -c -2) = "#!" ] + then + interpreter=$(head -n 1 "$TEST" | cut -c 3-) + cmd="$interpreter ./$BASENAME_TEST" + else + echo "not ok $test_num $TEST_HDR_MSG" + return + fi + fi cd `dirname $TEST` > /dev/null - ((((( tap_timeout ./$BASENAME_TEST 2>&1; echo $? >&3) | + ((((( tap_timeout "$cmd" 2>&1; echo $? >&3) | tap_prefix >&4) 3>&1) | (read xs; exit $xs)) 4>>"$logfile" && echo "ok $test_num $TEST_HDR_MSG") || -- 2.17.1

1 year

3
6
0 0

[PATCH v2] selftests: netfilter: fix a build error on openSUSE

by Geliang Tang

This patch fixed the following build error on openSUSE Leap 15.3: ======================================================================= gcc nf-queue.c -lmnl -o tools/testing/selftests/netfilter/nf-queue nf-queue.c:13:10: fatal error: libmnl/libmnl.h: No such file or directory #include <libmnl/libmnl.h> ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ compilation terminated. ======================================================================= It is because libmnl.h is put in the directory of "/usr/include/libmnl/libmnl/" on openSUSE, not "/usr/include/libmnl/": > rpm -ql libmnl-devel /usr/include/libmnl /usr/include/libmnl/libmnl /usr/include/libmnl/libmnl/libmnl.h /usr/lib64/libmnl.so /usr/lib64/pkgconfig/libmnl.pc Suggested-by: Kai Liu <kai.liu(a)suse.com> Signed-off-by: Geliang Tang <geliang.tang(a)suse.com> --- v2: - use pkg-config --- tools/testing/selftests/netfilter/Makefile | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/netfilter/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/netfilter/Makefile index e4f845dd942b..8136c1fab7ab 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/netfilter/Makefile +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/netfilter/Makefile @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ TEST_PROGS := nft_trans_stress.sh nft_fib.sh nft_nat.sh bridge_brouter.sh \ ipip-conntrack-mtu.sh conntrack_tcp_unreplied.sh \ conntrack_vrf.sh nft_synproxy.sh +CFLAGS += $(shell pkg-config --cflags libmnl 2>/dev/null || echo "-I/usr/include/libmnl") LDLIBS = -lmnl TEST_GEN_FILES = nf-queue -- 2.34.1

1 year

5
9
0 0

2024

2023

2022

2021

2020

2019

2018

2017

Linux-kselftest-mirror November 2022