- Linux-kselftest-mirror - lists.linaro.org

[PATCH v2 00/30] vfio: Introduce selftests for VFIO

by David Matlack

This series introduces VFIO selftests, located in tools/testing/selftests/vfio/. VFIO selftests aim to enable kernel developers to write and run tests that take the form of userspace programs that interact with VFIO and IOMMUFD uAPIs. VFIO selftests can be used to write functional tests for new features, regression tests for bugs, and performance tests for optimizations. These tests are designed to interact with real PCI devices, i.e. they do not rely on mocking out or faking any behavior in the kernel. This allows the tests to exercise not only VFIO but also IOMMUFD, the IOMMU driver, interrupt remapping, IRQ handling, etc. For more background on the motivation and design of this series, please see the RFC: https://lore.kernel.org/kvm/20250523233018.1702151-1-dmatlack@google.com/ This series can also be found on GitHub: https://github.com/dmatlack/linux/tree/vfio/selftests/v2 Changelog ----------------------------------------------------------------------- v1: https://lore.kernel.org/kvm/20250620232031.2705638-1-dmatlack@google.com/ - Collect various Acks - Switch myself from Reviewer to Maintainer of VFIO selftests - Re-order the new MAINTAINERS entry to be alphabetical - Drop the KVM selftests patches from the series - Reorder the tools header commits to be closer to the commits that use them (Vinicius) - Use host virtual addresses instead of magic numbers for IOVAs in vfio_pci_driver_test and vfio_dma_mapping_test RFC: https://lore.kernel.org/kvm/20250523233018.1702151-1-dmatlack@google.com/ - Add symlink to linux/pci_ids.h instead of copying (Jason) - Add symlinks to drivers/dma/*/*.h instead of copying (Jason) - Automatically replicate vfio_dma_mapping_test across backing sources using fixture variants (Jason) - Automatically replicate vfio_dma_mapping_test and vfio_pci_driver_test across all iommu_modes using fixture variants (Jason) - Invert access() check in vfio_dma_mapping_test (me) - Use driver_override instead of add/remove_id (Alex) - Allow tests to get BDF from env var (Alex) - Use KSFT_FAIL instead of 1 to exit with failure (Alex) - Unconditionally create $(LIBVFIO_O_DIRS) to avoid target conflict with ../cgroup/lib/libcgroup.mk when building KVM selftests (me) - Allow VFIO selftests to run automatically by switching from TEST_GEN_PROGS_EXTENDED to TEST_GEN_PROGS. Automatically run selftests will use $VFIO_SELFTESTS_BDF environment variable to know which device to use (Alex) - Replace hardcoded SZ_4K with getpagesize() in vfio_dma_mapping_test to support platforms with other page sizes (me) - Make all global variables static where possible (me) - Pass argc and argv to test_harness_main() so that users can pass flags to the kselftest harness (me) Instructions ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Running VFIO selftests requires at a PCI device bound to vfio-pci for the tests to use. The address of this device is passed to the test as a segment:bus:device.function string, which must match the path to the device in /sys/bus/pci/devices/ (e.g. 0000:00:04.0). Once you have chosen a device, there is a helper script provided to unbind the device from its current driver, bind it to vfio-pci, export the environment variable $VFIO_SELFTESTS_BDF, and launch a shell: $ tools/testing/selftests/vfio/run.sh -d 0000:00:04.0 -s The -d option tells the script which device to use and the -s option tells the script to launch a shell. Additionally, the VFIO selftest vfio_dma_mapping_test has test cases that rely on HugeTLB pages being available, otherwise they are skipped. To enable those tests make sure at least 1 2MB and 1 1GB HugeTLB pages are available. $ echo 1 > /sys/kernel/mm/hugepages/hugepages-2048kB/nr_hugepages $ echo 1 > /sys/kernel/mm/hugepages/hugepages-1048576kB/nr_hugepages To run all VFIO selftests using make: $ make -C tools/testing/selftests/vfio run_tests To run individual tests: $ tools/testing/selftests/vfio/vfio_dma_mapping_test $ tools/testing/selftests/vfio/vfio_dma_mapping_test -v iommufd_anonymous_hugetlb_2mb $ tools/testing/selftests/vfio/vfio_dma_mapping_test -r vfio_dma_mapping_test.iommufd_anonymous_hugetlb_2mb.dma_map_unmap The environment variable $VFIO_SELFTESTS_BDF can be overridden for a specific test by passing in the BDF on the command line as the last positional argument. $ tools/testing/selftests/vfio/vfio_dma_mapping_test 0000:00:04.0 $ tools/testing/selftests/vfio/vfio_dma_mapping_test -v iommufd_anonymous_hugetlb_2mb 0000:00:04.0 $ tools/testing/selftests/vfio/vfio_dma_mapping_test -r vfio_dma_mapping_test.iommufd_anonymous_hugetlb_2mb.dma_map_unmap 0000:00:04.0 When you are done, free the HugeTLB pages and exit the shell started by run.sh. Exiting the shell will cause the device to be unbound from vfio-pci and bound back to its original driver. $ echo 0 > /sys/kernel/mm/hugepages/hugepages-2048kB/nr_hugepages $ echo 0 > /sys/kernel/mm/hugepages/hugepages-1048576kB/nr_hugepages $ exit It's also possible to use run.sh to run just a single test hermetically, rather than dropping into a shell: $ tools/testing/selftests/vfio/run.sh -d 0000:00:04.0 -- tools/testing/selftests/vfio/vfio_dma_mapping_test -v iommufd_anonymous Tests ----------------------------------------------------------------------- There are 4 tests in this series, mostly to demonstrate as a proof-of-concept: - tools/testing/selftests/vfio/vfio_pci_device_test.c - tools/testing/selftests/vfio/vfio_pci_driver_test.c - tools/testing/selftests/vfio/vfio_iommufd_setup_test.c - tools/testing/selftests/vfio/vfio_dma_mapping_test.c Future Areas of Development ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Library: - Driver support for devices that can be used on AMD, ARM, and other platforms (e.g. mlx5). - Driver support for a device available in QEMU VMs (e.g. pcie-ats-testdev [1]) - Support for tests that use multiple devices. - Support for IOMMU groups with multiple devices. - Support for multiple devices sharing the same container/iommufd. - Sharing TEST_ASSERT() macros and other common code between KVM and VFIO selftests. Tests: - DMA mapping performance tests for BARs/HugeTLB/etc. - Porting tests from https://github.com/awilliam/tests/commits/for-clg/ to selftests. - Live Update selftests. - Resend Sean's KVM selftest for posted interrupts using the VFIO selftests library [2][3] Cc: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson(a)redhat.com> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg(a)nvidia.com> Cc: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian(a)intel.com> Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini(a)redhat.com> Cc: Sean Christopherson <seanjc(a)google.com> Cc: Vipin Sharma <vipinsh(a)google.com> Cc: Josh Hilke <jrhilke(a)google.com> Cc: Aaron Lewis <aaronlewis(a)google.com> Cc: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin(a)soleen.com> Cc: Saeed Mahameed <saeedm(a)nvidia.com> Cc: Adithya Jayachandran <ajayachandra(a)nvidia.com> Cc: Joel Granados <joel.granados(a)kernel.org> [1] https://github.com/Joelgranados/qemu/blob/pcie-testdev/hw/misc/pcie-ats-tes… [2] https://lore.kernel.org/kvm/20250404193923.1413163-68-seanjc@google.com/ [3] https://lore.kernel.org/kvm/20250620232031.2705638-32-dmatlack@google.com/ David Matlack (25): selftests: Create tools/testing/selftests/vfio vfio: selftests: Add a helper library for VFIO selftests vfio: selftests: Introduce vfio_pci_device_test vfio: selftests: Keep track of DMA regions mapped into the device vfio: selftests: Enable asserting MSI eventfds not firing vfio: selftests: Add a helper for matching vendor+device IDs vfio: selftests: Add driver framework vfio: sefltests: Add vfio_pci_driver_test tools headers: Add stub definition for __iomem tools headers: Import asm-generic MMIO helpers tools headers: Import x86 MMIO helper overrides tools headers: Add symlink to linux/pci_ids.h dmaengine: ioat: Move system_has_dca_enabled() to dma.h vfio: selftests: Add driver for Intel CBDMA tools headers: Import iosubmit_cmds512() dmaengine: idxd: Allow registers.h to be included from tools/ vfio: selftests: Add driver for Intel DSA vfio: selftests: Move helper to get cdev path to libvfio vfio: selftests: Encapsulate IOMMU mode vfio: selftests: Replicate tests across all iommu_modes vfio: selftests: Add vfio_type1v2_mode vfio: selftests: Add iommufd_compat_type1{,v2} modes vfio: selftests: Add iommufd mode vfio: selftests: Make iommufd the default iommu_mode vfio: selftests: Add a script to help with running VFIO selftests Josh Hilke (5): vfio: selftests: Test basic VFIO and IOMMUFD integration vfio: selftests: Move vfio dma mapping test to their own file vfio: selftests: Add test to reset vfio device. vfio: selftests: Add DMA mapping tests for 2M and 1G HugeTLB vfio: selftests: Validate 2M/1G HugeTLB are mapped as 2M/1G in IOMMU MAINTAINERS | 7 + drivers/dma/idxd/registers.h | 4 + drivers/dma/ioat/dma.h | 2 + drivers/dma/ioat/hw.h | 3 - tools/arch/x86/include/asm/io.h | 101 +++ tools/arch/x86/include/asm/special_insns.h | 27 + tools/include/asm-generic/io.h | 482 ++++++++++++++ tools/include/asm/io.h | 11 + tools/include/linux/compiler.h | 4 + tools/include/linux/io.h | 4 +- tools/include/linux/pci_ids.h | 1 + tools/testing/selftests/Makefile | 1 + tools/testing/selftests/vfio/.gitignore | 7 + tools/testing/selftests/vfio/Makefile | 21 + .../selftests/vfio/lib/drivers/dsa/dsa.c | 416 ++++++++++++ .../vfio/lib/drivers/dsa/registers.h | 1 + .../selftests/vfio/lib/drivers/ioat/hw.h | 1 + .../selftests/vfio/lib/drivers/ioat/ioat.c | 235 +++++++ .../vfio/lib/drivers/ioat/registers.h | 1 + .../selftests/vfio/lib/include/vfio_util.h | 295 +++++++++ tools/testing/selftests/vfio/lib/libvfio.mk | 24 + .../selftests/vfio/lib/vfio_pci_device.c | 594 ++++++++++++++++++ .../selftests/vfio/lib/vfio_pci_driver.c | 126 ++++ tools/testing/selftests/vfio/run.sh | 109 ++++ .../selftests/vfio/vfio_dma_mapping_test.c | 199 ++++++ .../selftests/vfio/vfio_iommufd_setup_test.c | 127 ++++ .../selftests/vfio/vfio_pci_device_test.c | 176 ++++++ .../selftests/vfio/vfio_pci_driver_test.c | 244 +++++++ 28 files changed, 3219 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) create mode 100644 tools/arch/x86/include/asm/io.h create mode 100644 tools/arch/x86/include/asm/special_insns.h create mode 100644 tools/include/asm-generic/io.h create mode 100644 tools/include/asm/io.h create mode 120000 tools/include/linux/pci_ids.h create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/vfio/.gitignore create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/vfio/Makefile create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/vfio/lib/drivers/dsa/dsa.c create mode 120000 tools/testing/selftests/vfio/lib/drivers/dsa/registers.h create mode 120000 tools/testing/selftests/vfio/lib/drivers/ioat/hw.h create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/vfio/lib/drivers/ioat/ioat.c create mode 120000 tools/testing/selftests/vfio/lib/drivers/ioat/registers.h create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/vfio/lib/include/vfio_util.h create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/vfio/lib/libvfio.mk create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/vfio/lib/vfio_pci_device.c create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/vfio/lib/vfio_pci_driver.c create mode 100755 tools/testing/selftests/vfio/run.sh create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/vfio/vfio_dma_mapping_test.c create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/vfio/vfio_iommufd_setup_test.c create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/vfio/vfio_pci_device_test.c create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/vfio/vfio_pci_driver_test.c base-commit: c17b750b3ad9f45f2b6f7e6f7f4679844244f0b9 -- 2.51.0.rc2.233.g662b1ed5c5-goog

2 weeks, 3 days

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[PATCH v19 0/8] fork: Support shadow stacks in clone3()

by Mark Brown

[ I think at this point everyone is OK with the ABI, and the x86 implementation has been tested so hopefully we are near to being able to get this merged? If there are any outstanding issues let me know and I can look at addressing them. The one possible issue I am aware of is that the RISC-V shadow stack support was briefly in -next but got dropped along with the general RISC-V issues during the last merge window, rebasing for that is still in progress. I guess ideally this could be applied on a branch and then pulled into the RISC-V tree? ] The kernel has recently added support for shadow stacks, currently x86 only using their CET feature but both arm64 and RISC-V have equivalent features (GCS and Zicfiss respectively), I am actively working on GCS[1]. With shadow stacks the hardware maintains an additional stack containing only the return addresses for branch instructions which is not generally writeable by userspace and ensures that any returns are to the recorded addresses. This provides some protection against ROP attacks and making it easier to collect call stacks. These shadow stacks are allocated in the address space of the userspace process. Our API for shadow stacks does not currently offer userspace any flexiblity for managing the allocation of shadow stacks for newly created threads, instead the kernel allocates a new shadow stack with the same size as the normal stack whenever a thread is created with the feature enabled. The stacks allocated in this way are freed by the kernel when the thread exits or shadow stacks are disabled for the thread. This lack of flexibility and control isn't ideal, in the vast majority of cases the shadow stack will be over allocated and the implicit allocation and deallocation is not consistent with other interfaces. As far as I can tell the interface is done in this manner mainly because the shadow stack patches were in development since before clone3() was implemented. Since clone3() is readily extensible let's add support for specifying a shadow stack when creating a new thread or process, keeping the current implicit allocation behaviour if one is not specified either with clone3() or through the use of clone(). The user must provide a shadow stack pointer, this must point to memory mapped for use as a shadow stackby map_shadow_stack() with an architecture specified shadow stack token at the top of the stack. Yuri Khrustalev has raised questions from the libc side regarding discoverability of extended clone3() structure sizes[2], this seems like a general issue with clone3(). There was a suggestion to add a hwcap on arm64 which isn't ideal but is doable there, though architecture specific mechanisms would also be needed for x86 (and RISC-V if it's support gets merged before this does). The idea has, however, had strong pushback from the architecture maintainers and it is possible to detect support for this in clone3() by attempting a call with a misaligned shadow stack pointer specified so no hwcap has been added. [1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-arm-kernel/20241001-arm64-gcs-v13-0-222b78d87… [2] https://lore.kernel.org/r/aCs65ccRQtJBnZ_5@arm.com Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie(a)kernel.org> --- Changes in v19: - Rebase onto v6.17-rc1. - Link to v18: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250702-clone3-shadow-stack-v18-0-7965d2b694db@k… Changes in v18: - Rebase onto v6.16-rc3. - Thanks to pointers from Yuri Khrustalev this version has been tested on x86 so I have removed the RFT tag. - Clarify clone3_shadow_stack_valid() comment about the Kconfig check. - Remove redundant GCSB DSYNCs in arm64 code. - Fix token validation on x86. - Link to v17: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250609-clone3-shadow-stack-v17-0-8840ed97ff6f@k… Changes in v17: - Rebase onto v6.16-rc1. - Link to v16: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250416-clone3-shadow-stack-v16-0-2ffc9ca3917b@k… Changes in v16: - Rebase onto v6.15-rc2. - Roll in fixes from x86 testing from Rick Edgecombe. - Rework so that the argument is shadow_stack_token. - Link to v15: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250408-clone3-shadow-stack-v15-0-3fa245c6e3be@k… Changes in v15: - Rebase onto v6.15-rc1. - Link to v14: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250206-clone3-shadow-stack-v14-0-805b53af73b9@k… Changes in v14: - Rebase onto v6.14-rc1. - Link to v13: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241203-clone3-shadow-stack-v13-0-93b89a81a5ed@k… Changes in v13: - Rebase onto v6.13-rc1. - Link to v12: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241031-clone3-shadow-stack-v12-0-7183eb8bee17@k… Changes in v12: - Add the regular prctl() to the userspace API document since arm64 support is queued in -next. - Link to v11: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241005-clone3-shadow-stack-v11-0-2a6a2bd6d651@k… Changes in v11: - Rebase onto arm64 for-next/gcs, which is based on v6.12-rc1, and integrate arm64 support. - Rework the interface to specify a shadow stack pointer rather than a base and size like we do for the regular stack. - Link to v10: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240821-clone3-shadow-stack-v10-0-06e8797b9445@k… Changes in v10: - Integrate fixes & improvements for the x86 implementation from Rick Edgecombe. - Require that the shadow stack be VM_WRITE. - Require that the shadow stack base and size be sizeof(void *) aligned. - Clean up trailing newline. - Link to v9: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240819-clone3-shadow-stack-v9-0-962d74f99464@ke… Changes in v9: - Pull token validation earlier and report problems with an error return to parent rather than signal delivery to the child. - Verify that the top of the supplied shadow stack is VM_SHADOW_STACK. - Rework token validation to only do the page mapping once. - Drop no longer needed support for testing for signals in selftest. - Fix typo in comments. - Link to v8: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240808-clone3-shadow-stack-v8-0-0acf37caf14c@ke… Changes in v8: - Fix token verification with user specified shadow stack. - Don't track user managed shadow stacks for child processes. - Link to v7: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240731-clone3-shadow-stack-v7-0-a9532eebfb1d@ke… Changes in v7: - Rebase onto v6.11-rc1. - Typo fixes. - Link to v6: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240623-clone3-shadow-stack-v6-0-9ee7783b1fb9@ke… Changes in v6: - Rebase onto v6.10-rc3. - Ensure we don't try to free the parent shadow stack in error paths of x86 arch code. - Spelling fixes in userspace API document. - Additional cleanups and improvements to the clone3() tests to support the shadow stack tests. - Link to v5: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240203-clone3-shadow-stack-v5-0-322c69598e4b@ke… Changes in v5: - Rebase onto v6.8-rc2. - Rework ABI to have the user allocate the shadow stack memory with map_shadow_stack() and a token. - Force inlining of the x86 shadow stack enablement. - Move shadow stack enablement out into a shared header for reuse by other tests. - Link to v4: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231128-clone3-shadow-stack-v4-0-8b28ffe4f676@ke… Changes in v4: - Formatting changes. - Use a define for minimum shadow stack size and move some basic validation to fork.c. - Link to v3: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231120-clone3-shadow-stack-v3-0-a7b8ed3e2acc@ke… Changes in v3: - Rebase onto v6.7-rc2. - Remove stale shadow_stack in internal kargs. - If a shadow stack is specified unconditionally use it regardless of CLONE_ parameters. - Force enable shadow stacks in the selftest. - Update changelogs for RISC-V feature rename. - Link to v2: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231114-clone3-shadow-stack-v2-0-b613f8681155@ke… Changes in v2: - Rebase onto v6.7-rc1. - Remove ability to provide preallocated shadow stack, just specify the desired size. - Link to v1: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231023-clone3-shadow-stack-v1-0-d867d0b5d4d0@ke… --- Mark Brown (8): arm64/gcs: Return a success value from gcs_alloc_thread_stack() Documentation: userspace-api: Add shadow stack API documentation selftests: Provide helper header for shadow stack testing fork: Add shadow stack support to clone3() selftests/clone3: Remove redundant flushes of output streams selftests/clone3: Factor more of main loop into test_clone3() selftests/clone3: Allow tests to flag if -E2BIG is a valid error code selftests/clone3: Test shadow stack support Documentation/userspace-api/index.rst | 1 + Documentation/userspace-api/shadow_stack.rst | 44 +++++ arch/arm64/include/asm/gcs.h | 8 +- arch/arm64/kernel/process.c | 8 +- arch/arm64/mm/gcs.c | 55 +++++- arch/x86/include/asm/shstk.h | 11 +- arch/x86/kernel/process.c | 2 +- arch/x86/kernel/shstk.c | 53 ++++- include/asm-generic/cacheflush.h | 11 ++ include/linux/sched/task.h | 17 ++ include/uapi/linux/sched.h | 9 +- kernel/fork.c | 93 +++++++-- tools/testing/selftests/clone3/clone3.c | 226 ++++++++++++++++++---- tools/testing/selftests/clone3/clone3_selftests.h | 65 ++++++- tools/testing/selftests/ksft_shstk.h | 98 ++++++++++ 15 files changed, 620 insertions(+), 81 deletions(-) --- base-commit: 8f5ae30d69d7543eee0d70083daf4de8fe15d585 change-id: 20231019-clone3-shadow-stack-15d40d2bf536 Best regards, -- Mark Brown <broonie(a)kernel.org>

2 weeks, 3 days

3
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[PATCH] selftests: cgroup: Make test_pids backwards compatible

by Michal Koutný

The predicates in test expect event counting from 73e75e6fc352b ("cgroup/pids: Separate semantics of pids.events related to pids.max") and the test would fail on older kernels. We want to have one version of tests for all, so detect the feature and skip the test on old kernels. (The test could even switch to check v1 semantics based on the flag but keep it simple for now.) Fixes: 9f34c566027b6 ("selftests: cgroup: Add basic tests for pids controller") Signed-off-by: Michal Koutný <mkoutny(a)suse.com> Tested-by: Sebastian Chlad <sebastian.chlad(a)suse.com> --- tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/lib/cgroup_util.c | 12 ++++++++++++ .../selftests/cgroup/lib/include/cgroup_util.h | 1 + tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_pids.c | 3 +++ 3 files changed, 16 insertions(+) diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/lib/cgroup_util.c b/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/lib/cgroup_util.c index 0e89fcff4d05d..44c52f620fda1 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/lib/cgroup_util.c +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/lib/cgroup_util.c @@ -522,6 +522,18 @@ int proc_mount_contains(const char *option) return strstr(buf, option) != NULL; } +int cgroup_feature(const char *feature) +{ + char buf[PAGE_SIZE]; + ssize_t read; + + read = read_text("/sys/kernel/cgroup/features", buf, sizeof(buf)); + if (read < 0) + return read; + + return strstr(buf, feature) != NULL; +} + ssize_t proc_read_text(int pid, bool thread, const char *item, char *buf, size_t size) { char path[PATH_MAX]; diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/lib/include/cgroup_util.h b/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/lib/include/cgroup_util.h index c69cab66254b4..9dc90a1b386d7 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/lib/include/cgroup_util.h +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/lib/include/cgroup_util.h @@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ extern int cg_run_nowait(const char *cgroup, extern int cg_wait_for_proc_count(const char *cgroup, int count); extern int cg_killall(const char *cgroup); int proc_mount_contains(const char *option); +int cgroup_feature(const char *feature); extern ssize_t proc_read_text(int pid, bool thread, const char *item, char *buf, size_t size); extern int proc_read_strstr(int pid, bool thread, const char *item, const char *needle); extern pid_t clone_into_cgroup(int cgroup_fd); diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_pids.c b/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_pids.c index 9ecb83c6cc5cb..d8a1d1cd50072 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_pids.c +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_pids.c @@ -77,6 +77,9 @@ static int test_pids_events(const char *root) char *cg_parent = NULL, *cg_child = NULL; int pid; + if (cgroup_feature("pids_localevents") <= 0) + return KSFT_SKIP; + cg_parent = cg_name(root, "pids_parent"); cg_child = cg_name(cg_parent, "pids_child"); if (!cg_parent || !cg_child) base-commit: 04a4d6c24eef8a1fc89d8b6129ac00ca2f638aff -- 2.51.0

2 weeks, 3 days

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[PATCH v2 0/3] HID: hidraw: rework ioctls

by Benjamin Tissoires

Arnd sent the v1 of the series in July, and it was bogus. So with a little help from claude-sonnet I built up the missing ioctls tests and tried to figure out a way to apply Arnd's logic without breaking the existing ioctls. The end result is in patch 3/3, which makes use of subfunctions to keep the main ioctl code path clean. Arnd, I kept your From: and SoB fields, please shout if you are unhappy. Signed-off-by: Benjamin Tissoires <bentiss(a)kernel.org> --- changes in v2: - add new hidraw ioctls tests - refactor Arnd's patch to keep the existing error path logic - link to v1: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-input/20250711072847.2836962-1-arnd@kernel.or… --- Jiri, checkpatch.pl complains about my co-develop tag. Did we get some consensus for AI-assisted tag? --- Arnd Bergmann (1): HID: tighten ioctl command parsing Benjamin Tissoires (2): selftests/hid: hidraw: add more coverage for hidraw ioctls selftests/hid: hidraw: forge wrong ioctls and tests them drivers/hid/hidraw.c | 224 ++++++++------- include/uapi/linux/hidraw.h | 2 + tools/testing/selftests/hid/hid_common.h | 6 + tools/testing/selftests/hid/hidraw.c | 473 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4 files changed, 603 insertions(+), 102 deletions(-) --- base-commit: b80a75cf6999fb79971b41eaec7af2bb4b514714 change-id: 20250825-b4-hidraw-ioctls-66f34297032a Best regards, -- Benjamin Tissoires <bentiss(a)kernel.org>

2 weeks, 3 days

3
4
0 0

[PATCH 0/3] Skip IRQ tests if irq legitimately is out of range

by Christian Bruel

'pci_endpoint_test' fails for architectures allowing less than 32 MSI registers and that doesnt support MSI-X, avoid reporting false errors because of out-of-range irqs. e.g for an EP configured with 8 msi_interrupts and no msix we can have ./pci_endpoint_test -t MSI_TEST # PASSED: 1 / 1 tests passed. # 1 skipped test(s) detected. Consider enabling relevant config options to improve coverage. # Totals: pass:0 fail:0 xfail:0 xpass:0 skip:1 error:0 instead of # FAILED: 0 / 1 tests passed # Totals: pass:0 fail:1 xfail:0 xpass:0 skip:0 error:0 An alternative could have been to implement VARIANTs so that the harness runs only the supported tests, but that seems quite heavy considering the huge number of possible interrupts. Another alternative could also have been to use a new ioctl to get the allocated number of irqs from the driver, but that doesn't seem to be more efficient than just using -EINVAL when the irq is out of range. thank you for your feedback Christian Bruel (3): misc: pci_endpoint_test: Skip IRQ tests if irq is out of range misc: pci_endpoint_test: Cleanup extra 0 initialization selftests: pci_endpoint: Skip IRQ test if irq is out of range. drivers/misc/pci_endpoint_test.c | 14 ++++++-------- .../selftests/pci_endpoint/pci_endpoint_test.c | 4 ++++ 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) -- 2.34.1

2 weeks, 3 days

2
4
0 0

[PATCH] selftests: filesystems: mount-notify: remove kernel_fsid_t

by Bala-Vignesh-Reddy

Build kselftests casues compile error: error: conflicting types for ‘__kernel_fsid_t’; have ‘struct <anonymous>’ 22 | } __kernel_fsid_t; This removes the declaration of kernel_fsid_t. Reported-by: kernel test robot <oliver.sang(a)intel.com> Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-lkp/202508110628.65069d92-lkp@intel.com Signed-off-by: Bala-Vignesh-Reddy <reddybalavignesh9979(a)gmail.com> --- .../filesystems/mount-notify/mount-notify_test.c | 8 -------- .../filesystems/mount-notify/mount-notify_test_ns.c | 8 -------- 2 files changed, 16 deletions(-) diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/mount-notify/mount-notify_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/mount-notify/mount-notify_test.c index 63ce708d93ed..a853671f2505 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/mount-notify/mount-notify_test.c +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/mount-notify/mount-notify_test.c @@ -14,14 +14,6 @@ #include "../../kselftest_harness.h" #include "../statmount/statmount.h" #include "../utils.h" - -// Needed for linux/fanotify.h -#ifndef __kernel_fsid_t -typedef struct { - int val[2]; -} __kernel_fsid_t; -#endif - #include <sys/fanotify.h> static const char root_mntpoint_templ[] = "/tmp/mount-notify_test_root.XXXXXX"; diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/mount-notify/mount-notify_test_ns.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/mount-notify/mount-notify_test_ns.c index 090a5ca65004..2ca867687a60 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/mount-notify/mount-notify_test_ns.c +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/mount-notify/mount-notify_test_ns.c @@ -15,14 +15,6 @@ #include "../../pidfd/pidfd.h" #include "../statmount/statmount.h" #include "../utils.h" - -// Needed for linux/fanotify.h -#ifndef __kernel_fsid_t -typedef struct { - int val[2]; -} __kernel_fsid_t; -#endif - #include <sys/fanotify.h> static const char root_mntpoint_templ[] = "/tmp/mount-notify_test_root.XXXXXX"; -- 2.43.0

2 weeks, 3 days

1
0
0 0

[PATCH bpf-next v4] selftests/bpf: Add LPM trie microbenchmarks

by Matt Fleming

From: Matt Fleming <mfleming(a)cloudflare.com> Add benchmarks for the standard set of operations: LOOKUP, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE. Also include benchmarks to measure the overhead of the bench framework itself (NOOP) as well as the overhead of generating keys (BASELINE). Lastly, this includes a benchmark for FREE (trie_free()) which is known to have terrible performance for maps with many entries. Benchmarks operate on tries without gaps in the key range, i.e. each test begins or ends with a trie with valid keys in the range [0, nr_entries). This is intended to cause maximum branching when traversing the trie. LOOKUP, UPDATE, DELETE, and FREE fill a BPF LPM trie from userspace using bpf_map_update_batch() and run the corresponding benchmark operation via bpf_loop(). INSERT starts with an empty map and fills it kernel-side from bpf_loop(). FREE records the time to free a filled LPM trie by attaching and destroying a BPF prog. NOOP measures the overhead of the test harness by running an empty function with bpf_loop(). BASELINE is similar to NOOP except that the function generates a key. Each operation runs 10,000 times using bpf_loop(). Note that this value is intentionally independent of the number of entries in the LPM trie so that the stability of the results isn't affected by the number of entries. For those benchmarks that need to reset the LPM trie once it's full (INSERT) or empty (DELETE), throughput and latency results are scaled by the fraction of a second the operation actually ran to ignore any time spent reinitialising the trie. By default, benchmarks run using sequential keys in the range [0, nr_entries). BASELINE, LOOKUP, and UPDATE can use random keys via the --random parameter but beware there is a runtime cost involved in generating random keys. Other benchmarks are prohibited from using random keys because it can skew the results, e.g. when inserting an existing key or deleting a missing one. All measurements are recorded from within the kernel to eliminate syscall overhead. Most benchmarks run an XDP program to generate stats but FREE needs to collect latencies using fentry/fexit on map_free_deferred() because it's not possible to use fentry directly on lpm_trie.c since commit c83508da5620 ("bpf: Avoid deadlock caused by nested kprobe and fentry bpf programs") and there's no way to create/destroy a map from within an XDP program. Here is example output from an AMD EPYC 9684X 96-Core machine for each of the benchmarks using a trie with 10K entries and a 32-bit prefix length, e.g. $ ./bench lpm-trie-$op \ --prefix_len=32 \ --producers=1 \ --nr_entries=10000 noop: throughput 74.417 ± 0.032 M ops/s ( 74.417M ops/prod), latency 13.438 ns/op baseline: throughput 70.107 ± 0.171 M ops/s ( 70.107M ops/prod), latency 14.264 ns/op lookup: throughput 8.467 ± 0.047 M ops/s ( 8.467M ops/prod), latency 118.109 ns/op insert: throughput 2.440 ± 0.015 M ops/s ( 2.440M ops/prod), latency 409.290 ns/op update: throughput 2.806 ± 0.042 M ops/s ( 2.806M ops/prod), latency 356.322 ns/op delete: throughput 4.625 ± 0.011 M ops/s ( 4.625M ops/prod), latency 215.613 ns/op free: throughput 0.578 ± 0.006 K ops/s ( 0.578K ops/prod), latency 1.730 ms/op And the same benchmarks using random keys: $ ./bench lpm-trie-$op \ --prefix_len=32 \ --producers=1 \ --nr_entries=10000 \ --random noop: throughput 74.259 ± 0.335 M ops/s ( 74.259M ops/prod), latency 13.466 ns/op baseline: throughput 35.150 ± 0.144 M ops/s ( 35.150M ops/prod), latency 28.450 ns/op lookup: throughput 7.119 ± 0.048 M ops/s ( 7.119M ops/prod), latency 140.469 ns/op insert: N/A update: throughput 2.736 ± 0.012 M ops/s ( 2.736M ops/prod), latency 365.523 ns/op delete: N/A free: N/A Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <mfleming(a)cloudflare.com> Signed-off-by: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <hawk(a)kernel.org> --- Changes in v4: - Incorporate Jesper's NOOP and BASELINE benchmarks - Remove use of double underscore naming - Add --random parameter to use random keys (linear by default) - Fractional second reporting to make delete op times accurate - Check return value of bpf_map_update_elem() - Make latency_free_start a global var and remove hashmap Changes in v3: - Replace BPF_CORE_READ() with BPF_CORE_READ_STR_INTO() to avoid gcc-bpf CI build failure Changes in v2: - Add Jesper's Tested-by and Revewied-by tags - Remove use of atomic_*() in favour of __sync_add_and_fetch() - Use a file-local 'deleted_entries' in the DELETE op benchmark and add a comment explaining why non-atomic accesses are safe. - Bump 'hits' with the number of bpf_loop() loops actually executed tools/testing/selftests/bpf/Makefile | 2 + tools/testing/selftests/bpf/bench.c | 16 + tools/testing/selftests/bpf/bench.h | 1 + .../selftests/bpf/benchs/bench_lpm_trie_map.c | 555 ++++++++++++++++++ tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/lpm_trie.h | 30 + .../selftests/bpf/progs/lpm_trie_bench.c | 230 ++++++++ .../selftests/bpf/progs/lpm_trie_map.c | 19 + 7 files changed, 853 insertions(+) create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/benchs/bench_lpm_trie_map.c create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/lpm_trie.h create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/lpm_trie_bench.c create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/lpm_trie_map.c diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/Makefile index 4863106034df..c6555497372f 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/Makefile +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/Makefile @@ -816,6 +816,7 @@ $(OUTPUT)/bench_bpf_hashmap_lookup.o: $(OUTPUT)/bpf_hashmap_lookup.skel.h $(OUTPUT)/bench_htab_mem.o: $(OUTPUT)/htab_mem_bench.skel.h $(OUTPUT)/bench_bpf_crypto.o: $(OUTPUT)/crypto_bench.skel.h $(OUTPUT)/bench_sockmap.o: $(OUTPUT)/bench_sockmap_prog.skel.h +$(OUTPUT)/bench_lpm_trie_map.o: $(OUTPUT)/lpm_trie_bench.skel.h $(OUTPUT)/lpm_trie_map.skel.h $(OUTPUT)/bench.o: bench.h testing_helpers.h $(BPFOBJ) $(OUTPUT)/bench: LDLIBS += -lm $(OUTPUT)/bench: $(OUTPUT)/bench.o \ @@ -837,6 +838,7 @@ $(OUTPUT)/bench: $(OUTPUT)/bench.o \ $(OUTPUT)/bench_htab_mem.o \ $(OUTPUT)/bench_bpf_crypto.o \ $(OUTPUT)/bench_sockmap.o \ + $(OUTPUT)/bench_lpm_trie_map.o \ # $(call msg,BINARY,,$@) $(Q)$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $(filter %.a %.o,$^) $(LDLIBS) -o $@ diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/bench.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/bench.c index ddd73d06a1eb..23ed6feee0d9 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/bench.c +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/bench.c @@ -284,6 +284,7 @@ extern struct argp bench_htab_mem_argp; extern struct argp bench_trigger_batch_argp; extern struct argp bench_crypto_argp; extern struct argp bench_sockmap_argp; +extern struct argp bench_lpm_trie_map_argp; static const struct argp_child bench_parsers[] = { { &bench_ringbufs_argp, 0, "Ring buffers benchmark", 0 }, @@ -299,6 +300,7 @@ static const struct argp_child bench_parsers[] = { { &bench_trigger_batch_argp, 0, "BPF triggering benchmark", 0 }, { &bench_crypto_argp, 0, "bpf crypto benchmark", 0 }, { &bench_sockmap_argp, 0, "bpf sockmap benchmark", 0 }, + { &bench_lpm_trie_map_argp, 0, "LPM trie map benchmark", 0 }, {}, }; @@ -558,6 +560,13 @@ extern const struct bench bench_htab_mem; extern const struct bench bench_crypto_encrypt; extern const struct bench bench_crypto_decrypt; extern const struct bench bench_sockmap; +extern const struct bench bench_lpm_trie_noop; +extern const struct bench bench_lpm_trie_baseline; +extern const struct bench bench_lpm_trie_lookup; +extern const struct bench bench_lpm_trie_insert; +extern const struct bench bench_lpm_trie_update; +extern const struct bench bench_lpm_trie_delete; +extern const struct bench bench_lpm_trie_free; static const struct bench *benchs[] = { &bench_count_global, @@ -625,6 +634,13 @@ static const struct bench *benchs[] = { &bench_crypto_encrypt, &bench_crypto_decrypt, &bench_sockmap, + &bench_lpm_trie_noop, + &bench_lpm_trie_baseline, + &bench_lpm_trie_lookup, + &bench_lpm_trie_insert, + &bench_lpm_trie_update, + &bench_lpm_trie_delete, + &bench_lpm_trie_free, }; static void find_benchmark(void) diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/bench.h b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/bench.h index 005c401b3e22..bea323820ffb 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/bench.h +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/bench.h @@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ struct bench_res { unsigned long gp_ns; unsigned long gp_ct; unsigned int stime; + unsigned long duration_ns; }; struct bench { diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/benchs/bench_lpm_trie_map.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/benchs/bench_lpm_trie_map.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..246f6cb3387d --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/benchs/bench_lpm_trie_map.c @@ -0,0 +1,555 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 +/* Copyright (c) 2025 Cloudflare */ + +/* + * All of these benchmarks operate on tries with keys in the range + * [0, args.nr_entries), i.e. there are no gaps or partially filled + * branches of the trie for any key < args.nr_entries. + * + * This gives an idea of worst-case behaviour. + */ + +#include <argp.h> +#include <linux/time64.h> +#include <linux/if_ether.h> +#include "lpm_trie_bench.skel.h" +#include "lpm_trie_map.skel.h" +#include "bench.h" +#include "testing_helpers.h" +#include "progs/lpm_trie.h" + +static struct ctx { + struct lpm_trie_bench *bench; +} ctx; + +static struct { + __u32 nr_entries; + __u32 prefixlen; + bool random; +} args = { + .nr_entries = 0, + .prefixlen = 32, + .random = false, +}; + +enum { + ARG_NR_ENTRIES = 9000, + ARG_PREFIX_LEN, + ARG_RANDOM, +}; + +static const struct argp_option opts[] = { + { "nr_entries", ARG_NR_ENTRIES, "NR_ENTRIES", 0, + "Number of unique entries in the LPM trie" }, + { "prefix_len", ARG_PREFIX_LEN, "PREFIX_LEN", 0, + "Number of prefix bits to use in the LPM trie" }, + { "random", ARG_RANDOM, NULL, 0, "Access random keys during op" }, + {}, +}; + +static error_t lpm_parse_arg(int key, char *arg, struct argp_state *state) +{ + long ret; + + switch (key) { + case ARG_NR_ENTRIES: + ret = strtol(arg, NULL, 10); + if (ret < 1 || ret > UINT_MAX) { + fprintf(stderr, "Invalid nr_entries count."); + argp_usage(state); + } + args.nr_entries = ret; + break; + case ARG_PREFIX_LEN: + ret = strtol(arg, NULL, 10); + if (ret < 1 || ret > UINT_MAX) { + fprintf(stderr, "Invalid prefix_len value."); + argp_usage(state); + } + args.prefixlen = ret; + break; + case ARG_RANDOM: + args.random = true; + break; + default: + return ARGP_ERR_UNKNOWN; + } + return 0; +} + +const struct argp bench_lpm_trie_map_argp = { + .options = opts, + .parser = lpm_parse_arg, +}; + +static void validate_common(void) +{ + if (env.consumer_cnt != 0) { + fprintf(stderr, "benchmark doesn't support consumer\n"); + exit(1); + } + + if (args.nr_entries == 0) { + fprintf(stderr, "Missing --nr_entries parameter\n"); + exit(1); + } + + if ((1UL << args.prefixlen) < args.nr_entries) { + fprintf(stderr, "prefix_len value too small for nr_entries\n"); + exit(1); + } +} + +static void lpm_insert_validate(void) +{ + validate_common(); + + if (env.producer_cnt != 1) { + fprintf(stderr, "lpm-trie-insert requires a single producer\n"); + exit(1); + } + + if (args.random) { + fprintf(stderr, "lpm-trie-insert does not support --random\n"); + exit(1); + } +} + +static void lpm_delete_validate(void) +{ + validate_common(); + + if (env.producer_cnt != 1) { + fprintf(stderr, "lpm-trie-delete requires a single producer\n"); + exit(1); + } + + if (args.random) { + fprintf(stderr, "lpm-trie-delete does not support --random\n"); + exit(1); + } +} + +static void lpm_free_validate(void) +{ + validate_common(); + + if (env.producer_cnt != 1) { + fprintf(stderr, "lpm-trie-free requires a single producer\n"); + exit(1); + } + + if (args.random) { + fprintf(stderr, "lpm-trie-free does not support --random\n"); + exit(1); + } +} + +static struct trie_key *keys; +static __u32 *vals; + +static void fill_map(int map_fd) +{ + int err; + + DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_map_batch_opts, opts, + .elem_flags = 0, + .flags = 0, + ); + + err = bpf_map_update_batch(map_fd, keys, vals, &args.nr_entries, &opts); + if (err) { + fprintf(stderr, "failed to batch update keys to map: %d\n", + -err); + exit(1); + } +} + +static void empty_map(int map_fd) +{ + int err; + + DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_map_batch_opts, opts, + .elem_flags = 0, + .flags = 0, + ); + + err = bpf_map_delete_batch(map_fd, keys, &args.nr_entries, &opts); + if (err) { + fprintf(stderr, "failed to batch delete keys for map: %d\n", + -err); + exit(1); + } +} + +static void attach_prog(void) +{ + int i; + + ctx.bench = lpm_trie_bench__open_and_load(); + if (!ctx.bench) { + fprintf(stderr, "failed to open skeleton\n"); + exit(1); + } + + ctx.bench->bss->nr_entries = args.nr_entries; + ctx.bench->bss->prefixlen = args.prefixlen; + ctx.bench->bss->random = args.random; + + if (lpm_trie_bench__attach(ctx.bench)) { + fprintf(stderr, "failed to attach skeleton\n"); + exit(1); + } + + keys = calloc(args.nr_entries, sizeof(*keys)); + vals = calloc(args.nr_entries, sizeof(*vals)); + + for (i = 0; i < args.nr_entries; i++) { + struct trie_key *k = &keys[i]; + __u32 *v = &vals[i]; + + k->prefixlen = args.prefixlen; + k->data = i; + *v = 1; + } +} + +static void attach_prog_and_fill_map(void) +{ + int fd; + + attach_prog(); + + fd = bpf_map__fd(ctx.bench->maps.trie_map); + fill_map(fd); +} + +static void lpm_noop_setup(void) +{ + attach_prog(); + ctx.bench->bss->op = LPM_OP_NOOP; +} + +static void lpm_baseline_setup(void) +{ + attach_prog(); + ctx.bench->bss->op = LPM_OP_BASELINE; +} + +static void lpm_lookup_setup(void) +{ + attach_prog_and_fill_map(); + ctx.bench->bss->op = LPM_OP_LOOKUP; +} + +static void lpm_insert_setup(void) +{ + attach_prog(); + ctx.bench->bss->op = LPM_OP_INSERT; +} + +static void lpm_update_setup(void) +{ + attach_prog_and_fill_map(); + ctx.bench->bss->op = LPM_OP_UPDATE; +} + +static void lpm_delete_setup(void) +{ + attach_prog_and_fill_map(); + ctx.bench->bss->op = LPM_OP_DELETE; +} + +static void lpm_free_setup(void) +{ + attach_prog(); + ctx.bench->bss->op = LPM_OP_FREE; +} + +static void lpm_measure(struct bench_res *res) +{ + res->hits = atomic_swap(&ctx.bench->bss->hits, 0); + res->duration_ns = atomic_swap(&ctx.bench->bss->duration_ns, 0); +} + +static void bench_reinit_map(void) +{ + int fd = bpf_map__fd(ctx.bench->maps.trie_map); + + switch (ctx.bench->bss->op) { + case LPM_OP_INSERT: + /* trie_map needs to be emptied */ + empty_map(fd); + break; + case LPM_OP_DELETE: + /* trie_map needs to be refilled */ + fill_map(fd); + break; + default: + fprintf(stderr, "Unexpected REINIT return code for op %d\n", + ctx.bench->bss->op); + exit(1); + } +} + +/* For NOOP, BASELINE, LOOKUP, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE */ +static void *lpm_producer(void *unused __always_unused) +{ + int err; + char in[ETH_HLEN]; /* unused */ + + LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_test_run_opts, opts, .data_in = in, + .data_size_in = sizeof(in), .repeat = 1, ); + + while (true) { + int fd = bpf_program__fd(ctx.bench->progs.run_bench); + err = bpf_prog_test_run_opts(fd, &opts); + if (err) { + fprintf(stderr, "failed to run BPF prog: %d\n", err); + exit(1); + } + + /* Check for kernel error code */ + if ((int)opts.retval < 0) { + fprintf(stderr, "BPF prog returned error: %d\n", + opts.retval); + exit(1); + } + + switch (opts.retval) { + case LPM_BENCH_SUCCESS: + break; + case LPM_BENCH_REINIT_MAP: + bench_reinit_map(); + break; + default: + fprintf(stderr, "Unexpected BPF prog return code %d for op %d\n", + opts.retval, ctx.bench->bss->op); + exit(1); + } + } + + return NULL; +} + +static void *lpm_free_producer(void *unused __always_unused) +{ + while (true) { + struct lpm_trie_map *skel; + + skel = lpm_trie_map__open_and_load(); + if (!skel) { + fprintf(stderr, "failed to open skeleton\n"); + exit(1); + } + + fill_map(bpf_map__fd(skel->maps.trie_free_map)); + lpm_trie_map__destroy(skel); + } + + return NULL; +} + +/* + * The standard bench op_report_*() functions assume measurements are + * taken over a 1-second interval but operations that modify the map + * (INSERT, DELETE, and FREE) cannot run indefinitely without + * "resetting" the map to the initial state. Depending on the size of + * the map, this likely needs to happen before the 1-second timer fires. + * + * Calculate the fraction of a second over which the op measurement was + * taken (to ignore any time spent doing the reset) and report the + * throughput results per second. + */ +static void frac_second_report_progress(int iter, struct bench_res *res, + long delta_ns, double rate_divisor, + char rate) +{ + double hits_per_sec, hits_per_prod; + + hits_per_sec = res->hits / rate_divisor / + (res->duration_ns / (double)NSEC_PER_SEC); + hits_per_prod = hits_per_sec / env.producer_cnt; + + printf("Iter %3d (%7.3lfus): ", iter, + (delta_ns - NSEC_PER_SEC) / 1000.0); + printf("hits %8.3lf%c/s (%7.3lf%c/prod)\n", hits_per_sec, rate, + hits_per_prod, rate); +} + +static void frac_second_report_final(struct bench_res res[], int res_cnt, + double lat_divisor, double rate_divisor, + char rate, const char *unit) +{ + double hits_mean = 0.0, hits_stddev = 0.0; + double latency = 0.0; + int i; + + for (i = 0; i < res_cnt; i++) { + double val = res[i].hits / rate_divisor / + (res[i].duration_ns / (double)NSEC_PER_SEC); + hits_mean += val / (0.0 + res_cnt); + latency += res[i].duration_ns / res[i].hits / (0.0 + res_cnt); + } + + if (res_cnt > 1) { + for (i = 0; i < res_cnt; i++) { + double val = + res[i].hits / rate_divisor / + (res[i].duration_ns / (double)NSEC_PER_SEC); + hits_stddev += (hits_mean - val) * (hits_mean - val) / + (res_cnt - 1.0); + } + + hits_stddev = sqrt(hits_stddev); + } + printf("Summary: throughput %8.3lf \u00B1 %5.3lf %c ops/s (%7.3lf%c ops/prod), ", + hits_mean, hits_stddev, rate, hits_mean / env.producer_cnt, + rate); + printf("latency %8.3lf %s/op\n", + latency / lat_divisor / env.producer_cnt, unit); +} + +static void insert_ops_report_progress(int iter, struct bench_res *res, + long delta_ns) +{ + double rate_divisor = 1000000.0; + char rate = 'M'; + + frac_second_report_progress(iter, res, delta_ns, rate_divisor, rate); +} + +static void delete_ops_report_progress(int iter, struct bench_res *res, + long delta_ns) +{ + double rate_divisor = 1000000.0; + char rate = 'M'; + + frac_second_report_progress(iter, res, delta_ns, rate_divisor, rate); +} + +static void free_ops_report_progress(int iter, struct bench_res *res, + long delta_ns) +{ + double rate_divisor = 1000.0; + char rate = 'K'; + + frac_second_report_progress(iter, res, delta_ns, rate_divisor, rate); +} + +static void insert_ops_report_final(struct bench_res res[], int res_cnt) +{ + double lat_divisor = 1.0; + double rate_divisor = 1000000.0; + const char *unit = "ns"; + char rate = 'M'; + + frac_second_report_final(res, res_cnt, lat_divisor, rate_divisor, rate, + unit); +} + +static void delete_ops_report_final(struct bench_res res[], int res_cnt) +{ + double lat_divisor = 1.0; + double rate_divisor = 1000000.0; + const char *unit = "ns"; + char rate = 'M'; + + frac_second_report_final(res, res_cnt, lat_divisor, rate_divisor, rate, + unit); +} + +static void free_ops_report_final(struct bench_res res[], int res_cnt) +{ + double lat_divisor = 1000000.0; + double rate_divisor = 1000.0; + const char *unit = "ms"; + char rate = 'K'; + + frac_second_report_final(res, res_cnt, lat_divisor, rate_divisor, rate, + unit); +} + +/* noop bench measures harness-overhead */ +const struct bench bench_lpm_trie_noop = { + .name = "lpm-trie-noop", + .argp = &bench_lpm_trie_map_argp, + .validate = validate_common, + .setup = lpm_noop_setup, + .producer_thread = lpm_producer, + .measure = lpm_measure, + .report_progress = ops_report_progress, + .report_final = ops_report_final, +}; + +/* baseline overhead for lookup and update */ +const struct bench bench_lpm_trie_baseline = { + .name = "lpm-trie-baseline", + .argp = &bench_lpm_trie_map_argp, + .validate = validate_common, + .setup = lpm_baseline_setup, + .producer_thread = lpm_producer, + .measure = lpm_measure, + .report_progress = ops_report_progress, + .report_final = ops_report_final, +}; + +/* measure cost of doing a lookup on existing entries in a full trie */ +const struct bench bench_lpm_trie_lookup = { + .name = "lpm-trie-lookup", + .argp = &bench_lpm_trie_map_argp, + .validate = validate_common, + .setup = lpm_lookup_setup, + .producer_thread = lpm_producer, + .measure = lpm_measure, + .report_progress = ops_report_progress, + .report_final = ops_report_final, +}; + +/* measure cost of inserting new entries into an empty trie */ +const struct bench bench_lpm_trie_insert = { + .name = "lpm-trie-insert", + .argp = &bench_lpm_trie_map_argp, + .validate = lpm_insert_validate, + .setup = lpm_insert_setup, + .producer_thread = lpm_producer, + .measure = lpm_measure, + .report_progress = insert_ops_report_progress, + .report_final = insert_ops_report_final, +}; + +/* measure cost of updating existing entries in a full trie */ +const struct bench bench_lpm_trie_update = { + .name = "lpm-trie-update", + .argp = &bench_lpm_trie_map_argp, + .validate = validate_common, + .setup = lpm_update_setup, + .producer_thread = lpm_producer, + .measure = lpm_measure, + .report_progress = ops_report_progress, + .report_final = ops_report_final, +}; + +/* measure cost of deleting existing entries from a full trie */ +const struct bench bench_lpm_trie_delete = { + .name = "lpm-trie-delete", + .argp = &bench_lpm_trie_map_argp, + .validate = lpm_delete_validate, + .setup = lpm_delete_setup, + .producer_thread = lpm_producer, + .measure = lpm_measure, + .report_progress = delete_ops_report_progress, + .report_final = delete_ops_report_final, +}; + +/* measure cost of freeing a full trie */ +const struct bench bench_lpm_trie_free = { + .name = "lpm-trie-free", + .argp = &bench_lpm_trie_map_argp, + .validate = lpm_free_validate, + .setup = lpm_free_setup, + .producer_thread = lpm_free_producer, + .measure = lpm_measure, + .report_progress = free_ops_report_progress, + .report_final = free_ops_report_final, +}; diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/lpm_trie.h b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/lpm_trie.h new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..76aa5821807f --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/lpm_trie.h @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */ + +#ifndef __PROGS_LPM_TRIE_H +#define __PROGS_LPM_TRIE_H + +struct trie_key { + __u32 prefixlen; + __u32 data; +}; + +/* Benchmark operations */ +enum { + LPM_OP_NOOP = 0, + LPM_OP_BASELINE, + LPM_OP_LOOKUP, + LPM_OP_INSERT, + LPM_OP_UPDATE, + LPM_OP_DELETE, + LPM_OP_FREE +}; + +/* + * Return values from run_bench. + * + * Negative values are also allowed and represent kernel error codes. + */ +#define LPM_BENCH_SUCCESS 0 +#define LPM_BENCH_REINIT_MAP 1 /* Reset trie to initial state for current op */ + +#endif diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/lpm_trie_bench.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/lpm_trie_bench.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..42e0c0bba07c --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/lpm_trie_bench.c @@ -0,0 +1,230 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 +/* Copyright (c) 2025 Cloudflare */ + +#include <vmlinux.h> +#include <errno.h> +#include <bpf/bpf_tracing.h> +#include <bpf/bpf_helpers.h> +#include <bpf/bpf_core_read.h> +#include "bpf_misc.h" +#include "bpf_atomic.h" +#include "progs/lpm_trie.h" + +#define BPF_OBJ_NAME_LEN 16U +#define MAX_ENTRIES 100000000 +#define NR_LOOPS 10000 + +char _license[] SEC("license") = "GPL"; + +/* Filled by userspace. See fill_map() in bench_lpm_trie_map.c */ +struct { + __uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_LPM_TRIE); + __type(key, struct trie_key); + __type(value, __u32); + __uint(map_flags, BPF_F_NO_PREALLOC); + __uint(max_entries, MAX_ENTRIES); +} trie_map SEC(".maps"); + +long hits; +long duration_ns; + +/* Configured from userspace */ +__u32 nr_entries; +__u32 prefixlen; +bool random; +__u8 op; + +static __u64 latency_free_start; + +SEC("fentry/bpf_map_free_deferred") +int BPF_PROG(trie_free_entry, struct work_struct *work) +{ + struct bpf_map *map = container_of(work, struct bpf_map, work); + char name[BPF_OBJ_NAME_LEN]; + u32 map_type; + + map_type = BPF_CORE_READ(map, map_type); + if (map_type != BPF_MAP_TYPE_LPM_TRIE) + return 0; + + /* + * Ideally we'd have access to the map ID but that's already + * freed before we enter trie_free(). + */ + BPF_CORE_READ_STR_INTO(&name, map, name); + if (bpf_strncmp(name, BPF_OBJ_NAME_LEN, "trie_free_map")) + return 0; + + latency_free_start = bpf_ktime_get_ns(); + + return 0; +} + +SEC("fexit/bpf_map_free_deferred") +int BPF_PROG(trie_free_exit, struct work_struct *work) +{ + __u64 val; + + if (!latency_free_start) + return 0; + + val = bpf_ktime_get_ns() - latency_free_start; + latency_free_start = 0; + + __sync_add_and_fetch(&duration_ns, val); + __sync_add_and_fetch(&hits, 1); + + return 0; +} + +static __u32 cur_key; + +static __always_inline void generate_key(struct trie_key *key) +{ + key->prefixlen = prefixlen; + + if (random) + key->data = bpf_get_prandom_u32() % nr_entries; + else + key->data = cur_key++ % nr_entries; +} + +static int noop(__u32 index, __u32 *unused) +{ + return 0; +} + +static int baseline(__u32 index, __u32 *unused) +{ + struct trie_key key; + __s64 blackbox; + + generate_key(&key); + /* Avoid compiler optimizing out the modulo */ + barrier_var(blackbox); + blackbox = READ_ONCE(key.data); + + return 0; +} + +static int lookup(__u32 index, int *retval) +{ + struct trie_key key; + + generate_key(&key); + if (!bpf_map_lookup_elem(&trie_map, &key)) { + *retval = -ENOENT; + return 1; + } + + return 0; +} + +static int insert(__u32 index, int *retval) +{ + struct trie_key key; + u32 val = 1; + int err; + + generate_key(&key); + err = bpf_map_update_elem(&trie_map, &key, &val, BPF_NOEXIST); + if (err) { + *retval = err; + return 1; + } + + /* Is this the last entry? */ + if (key.data == nr_entries - 1) { + /* For atomicity concerns, see the comment in delete() */ + *retval = LPM_BENCH_REINIT_MAP; + return 1; + } + + return 0; +} + +static int update(__u32 index, int *retval) +{ + struct trie_key key; + u32 val = 1; + int err; + + generate_key(&key); + err = bpf_map_update_elem(&trie_map, &key, &val, BPF_EXIST); + if (err) { + *retval = err; + return 1; + } + + return 0; +} + +static int delete(__u32 index, int *retval) +{ + struct trie_key key; + int err; + + generate_key(&key); + err = bpf_map_delete_elem(&trie_map, &key); + if (err) { + *retval = err; + return 1; + } + + /* Do we need to refill the map? */ + if (key.data == nr_entries - 1) { + /* + * Atomicity isn't required because DELETE only supports + * one producer running concurrently. What we need is a + * way to track how many entries have been deleted from + * the trie between consecutive invocations of the BPF + * prog because a single bpf_loop() call might not + * delete all entries, e.g. when NR_LOOPS < nr_entries. + */ + *retval = LPM_BENCH_REINIT_MAP; + return 1; + } + + return 0; +} + +SEC("xdp") +int BPF_PROG(run_bench) +{ + int err = LPM_BENCH_SUCCESS; + u64 start, delta; + int loops; + + start = bpf_ktime_get_ns(); + + switch (op) { + case LPM_OP_NOOP: + loops = bpf_loop(NR_LOOPS, noop, NULL, 0); + break; + case LPM_OP_BASELINE: + loops = bpf_loop(NR_LOOPS, baseline, NULL, 0); + break; + case LPM_OP_LOOKUP: + loops = bpf_loop(NR_LOOPS, lookup, &err, 0); + break; + case LPM_OP_INSERT: + loops = bpf_loop(NR_LOOPS, insert, &err, 0); + break; + case LPM_OP_UPDATE: + loops = bpf_loop(NR_LOOPS, update, &err, 0); + break; + case LPM_OP_DELETE: + loops = bpf_loop(NR_LOOPS, delete, &err, 0); + break; + default: + bpf_printk("invalid benchmark operation\n"); + return -1; + } + + delta = bpf_ktime_get_ns() - start; + + __sync_add_and_fetch(&duration_ns, delta); + __sync_add_and_fetch(&hits, loops); + + return err; +} diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/lpm_trie_map.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/lpm_trie_map.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..2ab43e2cd6c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/lpm_trie_map.c @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */ +#include <linux/bpf.h> +#include <bpf/bpf_helpers.h> +#include <bpf/bpf_tracing.h> + +#define MAX_ENTRIES 100000000 + +struct trie_key { + __u32 prefixlen; + __u32 data; +}; + +struct { + __uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_LPM_TRIE); + __type(key, struct trie_key); + __type(value, __u32); + __uint(map_flags, BPF_F_NO_PREALLOC); + __uint(max_entries, MAX_ENTRIES); +} trie_free_map SEC(".maps"); -- 2.34.1

2 weeks, 3 days

2
2
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[PATCH bpf v2 0/2] bpf: Allow fall back to interpreter for programs with stack size <= 512

by KaFai Wan

This change restores interpreter fallback capability for BPF programs with stack size <= 512 bytes when jit fails. Add selftest for socket filter to test it. changes: v2: - Addressed comments from Alexei - Add selftest v1: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250805115513.4018532-1-kafai.wan@linux.dev/ --- KaFai Wan (2): bpf: Allow fall back to interpreter for programs with stack size <= 512 selftests/bpf: Add socket filter attach test kernel/bpf/core.c | 16 ++- .../selftests/bpf/prog_tests/socket_filter.c | 124 ++++++++++++++++++ .../selftests/bpf/progs/socket_filter.c | 16 +++ 3 files changed, 149 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/socket_filter.c create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/socket_filter.c -- 2.43.0

2 weeks, 3 days

3
9
0 0

[PATCH v2] selftests: futex; Fix spelling in test messages

by bhanuseshukumar

Correct few spelling mistakes in selftest output messages to improve readability Signed-off-by: bhanuseshukumar <bhanuseshukumar(a)gmail.com> --- This fix is part of kselftest pre-requisite task for kernel mentorship fall 2025. --changes in v2 to v1 grammar fix : instead -> instead of v1: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250821154103.115110-1-bhanuseshukumar@gmail.c… tools/testing/selftests/futex/functional/futex_priv_hash.c | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/futex/functional/futex_priv_hash.c b/tools/testing/selftests/futex/functional/futex_priv_hash.c index aea001ac4946..8a5735391f2e 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/futex/functional/futex_priv_hash.c +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/futex/functional/futex_priv_hash.c @@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ static void usage(char *prog) { printf("Usage: %s\n", prog); printf(" -c Use color\n"); - printf(" -g Test global hash instead intead local immutable \n"); + printf(" -g Test global hash instead of local immutable \n"); printf(" -h Display this help message\n"); printf(" -v L Verbosity level: %d=QUIET %d=CRITICAL %d=INFO\n", VQUIET, VCRITICAL, VINFO); @@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) join_max_threads(); ret = futex_hash_slots_get(); - ksft_test_result(ret == 2, "No more auto-resize after manaul setting, got %d\n", + ksft_test_result(ret == 2, "No more auto-resize after manual setting, got %d\n", ret); futex_hash_slots_set_must_fail(1 << 29); -- 2.34.1

2 weeks, 3 days

2
1
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[PATCH] selftests/futex: fix futex_wait() for 32bit ARM

by Dan Carpenter

On 32bit ARM systems gcc-12 will use 32bit timestamps while gcc-13 and later will use 64bit timestamps. The problem is that SYS_futex will continue pointing at the 32bit system call. This makes the futex_wait test fail like this: waiter failed errno 110 not ok 1 futex_wake private returned: 0 Success waiter failed errno 110 not ok 2 futex_wake shared (page anon) returned: 0 Success waiter failed errno 110 not ok 3 futex_wake shared (file backed) returned: 0 Success Instead of compiling differently depending on the gcc version, use the -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_TIME_BITS=64 options to ensure that we are building with 64bit timestamps. Then use ifdefs to make SYS_futex point to the 64bit system call. Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter(a)linaro.org> Tested-by: Anders Roxell <anders.roxell(a)linaro.org> --- tools/testing/selftests/futex/functional/Makefile | 2 +- tools/testing/selftests/futex/include/futextest.h | 11 +++++++++++ 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/futex/functional/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/futex/functional/Makefile index 8cfb87f7f7c5..ddfa61d857b9 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/futex/functional/Makefile +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/futex/functional/Makefile @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 INCLUDES := -I../include -I../../ $(KHDR_INCLUDES) -CFLAGS := $(CFLAGS) -g -O2 -Wall -pthread $(INCLUDES) $(KHDR_INCLUDES) +CFLAGS := $(CFLAGS) -g -O2 -Wall -pthread -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_TIME_BITS=64 $(INCLUDES) $(KHDR_INCLUDES) LDLIBS := -lpthread -lrt -lnuma LOCAL_HDRS := \ diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/futex/include/futextest.h b/tools/testing/selftests/futex/include/futextest.h index 7a5fd1d5355e..3d48e9789d9f 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/futex/include/futextest.h +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/futex/include/futextest.h @@ -58,6 +58,17 @@ typedef volatile u_int32_t futex_t; #define SYS_futex SYS_futex_time64 #endif +/* + * On 32bit systems if we use "-D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_TIME_BITS=64" or if + * we are using a newer compiler then the size of the timestamps will be 64bit, + * however, the SYS_futex will still point to the 32bit futex system call. + */ +#if __SIZEOF_POINTER__ == 4 && defined(SYS_futex_time64) && \ + defined(_TIME_BITS) && _TIME_BITS == 64 +# undef SYS_futex +# define SYS_futex SYS_futex_time64 +#endif + /** * futex() - SYS_futex syscall wrapper * @uaddr: address of first futex -- 2.47.2

2 weeks, 3 days

2
1
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