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[PATCH v16 00/27] riscv control-flow integrity for usermode

by Deepak Gupta

Basics and overview =================== Software with larger attack surfaces (e.g. network facing apps like databases, browsers or apps relying on browser runtimes) suffer from memory corruption issues which can be utilized by attackers to bend control flow of the program to eventually gain control (by making their payload executable). Attackers are able to perform such attacks by leveraging call-sites which rely on indirect calls or return sites which rely on obtaining return address from stack memory. To mitigate such attacks, risc-v extension zicfilp enforces that all indirect calls must land on a landing pad instruction `lpad` else cpu will raise software check exception (a new cpu exception cause code on riscv). Similarly for return flow, risc-v extension zicfiss extends architecture with - `sspush` instruction to push return address on a shadow stack - `sspopchk` instruction to pop return address from shadow stack and compare with input operand (i.e. return address on stack) - `sspopchk` to raise software check exception if comparision above was a mismatch - Protection mechanism using which shadow stack is not writeable via regular store instructions More information an details can be found at extensions github repo [1]. Equivalent to landing pad (zicfilp) on x86 is `ENDBRANCH` instruction in Intel CET [3] and branch target identification (BTI) [4] on arm. Similarly x86's Intel CET has shadow stack [5] and arm64 has guarded control stack (GCS) [6] which are very similar to risc-v's zicfiss shadow stack. x86 and arm64 support for user mode shadow stack is already in mainline. Kernel awareness for user control flow integrity ================================================ This series picks up Samuel Holland's envcfg changes [2] as well. So if those are being applied independently, they should be removed from this series. Enabling: In order to maintain compatibility and not break anything in user mode, kernel doesn't enable control flow integrity cpu extensions on binary by default. Instead exposes a prctl interface to enable, disable and lock the shadow stack or landing pad feature for a task. This allows userspace (loader) to enumerate if all objects in its address space are compiled with shadow stack and landing pad support and accordingly enable the feature. Additionally if a subsequent `dlopen` happens on a library, user mode can take a decision again to disable the feature (if incoming library is not compiled with support) OR terminate the task (if user mode policy is strict to have all objects in address space to be compiled with control flow integirty cpu feature). prctl to enable shadow stack results in allocating shadow stack from virtual memory and activating for user address space. x86 and arm64 are also following same direction due to similar reason(s). clone/fork: On clone and fork, cfi state for task is inherited by child. Shadow stack is part of virtual memory and is a writeable memory from kernel perspective (writeable via a restricted set of instructions aka shadow stack instructions) Thus kernel changes ensure that this memory is converted into read-only when fork/clone happens and COWed when fault is taken due to sspush, sspopchk or ssamoswap. In case `CLONE_VM` is specified and shadow stack is to be enabled, kernel will automatically allocate a shadow stack for that clone call. map_shadow_stack: x86 introduced `map_shadow_stack` system call to allow user space to explicitly map shadow stack memory in its address space. It is useful to allocate shadow for different contexts managed by a single thread (green threads or contexts) risc-v implements this system call as well. signal management: If shadow stack is enabled for a task, kernel performs an asynchronous control flow diversion to deliver the signal and eventually expects userspace to issue sigreturn so that original execution can be resumed. Even though resume context is prepared by kernel, it is in user space memory and is subject to memory corruption and corruption bugs can be utilized by attacker in this race window to perform arbitrary sigreturn and eventually bypass cfi mechanism. Another issue is how to ensure that cfi related state on sigcontext area is not trampled by legacy apps or apps compiled with old kernel headers. In order to mitigate control-flow hijacting, kernel prepares a token and place it on shadow stack before signal delivery and places address of token in sigcontext structure. During sigreturn, kernel obtains address of token from sigcontext struture, reads token from shadow stack and validates it and only then allow sigreturn to succeed. Compatiblity issue is solved by adopting dynamic sigcontext management introduced for vector extension. This series re-factor the code little bit to allow future sigcontext management easy (as proposed by Andy Chiu from SiFive) config and compilation: Introduce a new risc-v config option `CONFIG_RISCV_USER_CFI`. Selecting this config option picks the kernel support for user control flow integrity. This optin is presented only if toolchain has shadow stack and landing pad support. And is on purpose guarded by toolchain support. Reason being that eventually vDSO also needs to be compiled in with shadow stack and landing pad support. vDSO compile patches are not included as of now because landing pad labeling scheme is yet to settle for usermode runtime. To get more information on kernel interactions with respect to zicfilp and zicfiss, patch series adds documentation for `zicfilp` and `zicfiss` in following: Documentation/arch/riscv/zicfiss.rst Documentation/arch/riscv/zicfilp.rst How to test this series ======================= Toolchain --------- $ git clone git@github.com:sifive/riscv-gnu-toolchain.git -b cfi-dev $ riscv-gnu-toolchain/configure --prefix=<path-to-where-to-build> --with-arch=rv64gc_zicfilp_zicfiss --enable-linux --disable-gdb --with-extra-multilib-test="rv64gc_zicfilp_zicfiss-lp64d:-static" $ make -j$(nproc) Qemu ---- Get the lastest qemu $ cd qemu $ mkdir build $ cd build $ ../configure --target-list=riscv64-softmmu $ make -j$(nproc) Opensbi ------- $ git clone git@github.com:deepak0414/opensbi.git -b v6_cfi_spec_split_opensbi $ make CROSS_COMPILE=<your riscv toolchain> -j$(nproc) PLATFORM=generic Linux ----- Running defconfig is fine. CFI is enabled by default if the toolchain supports it. $ make ARCH=riscv CROSS_COMPILE=<path-to-cfi-riscv-gnu-toolchain>/build/bin/riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu- -j$(nproc) defconfig $ make ARCH=riscv CROSS_COMPILE=<path-to-cfi-riscv-gnu-toolchain>/build/bin/riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu- -j$(nproc) In case you're building your own rootfs using toolchain, please make sure you pick following patch to ensure that vDSO compiled with lpad and shadow stack. "arch/riscv: compile vdso with landing pad" Branch where above patch can be picked https://github.com/deepak0414/linux-riscv-cfi/tree/vdso_user_cfi_v6.12-rc1 Running ------- Modify your qemu command to have: -bios <path-to-cfi-opensbi>/build/platform/generic/firmware/fw_dynamic.bin -cpu rv64,zicfilp=true,zicfiss=true,zimop=true,zcmop=true vDSO related Opens (in the flux) ================================= I am listing these opens for laying out plan and what to expect in future patch sets. And of course for the sake of discussion. Shadow stack and landing pad enabling in vDSO ---------------------------------------------- vDSO must have shadow stack and landing pad support compiled in for task to have shadow stack and landing pad support. This patch series doesn't enable that (yet). Enabling shadow stack support in vDSO should be straight forward (intend to do that in next versions of patch set). Enabling landing pad support in vDSO requires some collaboration with toolchain folks to follow a single label scheme for all object binaries. This is necessary to ensure that all indirect call-sites are setting correct label and target landing pads are decorated with same label scheme. How many vDSOs --------------- Shadow stack instructions are carved out of zimop (may be operations) and if CPU doesn't implement zimop, they're illegal instructions. Kernel could be running on a CPU which may or may not implement zimop. And thus kernel will have to carry 2 different vDSOs and expose the appropriate one depending on whether CPU implements zimop or not. References ========== [1] - https://github.com/riscv/riscv-cfi [2] - https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240814081126.956287-1-samuel.holland@sifive.c… [3] - https://lwn.net/Articles/889475/ [4] - https://developer.arm.com/documentation/109576/0100/Branch-Target-Identific… [5] - https://www.intel.com/content/dam/develop/external/us/en/documents/catc17-i… [6] - https://lwn.net/Articles/940403/ To: Thomas Gleixner <tglx(a)linutronix.de> To: Ingo Molnar <mingo(a)redhat.com> To: Borislav Petkov <bp(a)alien8.de> To: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen(a)linux.intel.com> To: x86(a)kernel.org To: H. Peter Anvin <hpa(a)zytor.com> To: Andrew Morton <akpm(a)linux-foundation.org> To: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett(a)oracle.com> To: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka(a)suse.cz> To: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes(a)oracle.com> To: Paul Walmsley <paul.walmsley(a)sifive.com> To: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer(a)dabbelt.com> To: Albert Ou <aou(a)eecs.berkeley.edu> To: Conor Dooley <conor(a)kernel.org> To: Rob Herring <robh(a)kernel.org> To: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzk+dt(a)kernel.org> To: Arnd Bergmann <arnd(a)arndb.de> To: Christian Brauner <brauner(a)kernel.org> To: Peter Zijlstra <peterz(a)infradead.org> To: Oleg Nesterov <oleg(a)redhat.com> To: Eric Biederman <ebiederm(a)xmission.com> To: Kees Cook <kees(a)kernel.org> To: Jonathan Corbet <corbet(a)lwn.net> To: Shuah Khan <shuah(a)kernel.org> To: Jann Horn <jannh(a)google.com> To: Conor Dooley <conor+dt(a)kernel.org> To: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda(a)kernel.org> To: Alex Gaynor <alex.gaynor(a)gmail.com> To: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng(a)gmail.com> To: Gary Guo <gary(a)garyguo.net> To: Björn Roy Baron <bjorn3_gh(a)protonmail.com> To: Benno Lossin <benno.lossin(a)proton.me> To: Andreas Hindborg <a.hindborg(a)kernel.org> To: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl(a)google.com> To: Trevor Gross <tmgross(a)umich.edu> Cc: linux-kernel(a)vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-fsdevel(a)vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-mm(a)kvack.org Cc: linux-riscv(a)lists.infradead.org Cc: devicetree(a)vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-arch(a)vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-doc(a)vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-kselftest(a)vger.kernel.org Cc: alistair.francis(a)wdc.com Cc: richard.henderson(a)linaro.org Cc: jim.shu(a)sifive.com Cc: andybnac(a)gmail.com Cc: kito.cheng(a)sifive.com Cc: charlie(a)rivosinc.com Cc: atishp(a)rivosinc.com Cc: evan(a)rivosinc.com Cc: cleger(a)rivosinc.com Cc: alexghiti(a)rivosinc.com Cc: samitolvanen(a)google.com Cc: broonie(a)kernel.org Cc: rick.p.edgecombe(a)intel.com Cc: rust-for-linux(a)vger.kernel.org changelog --------- v16: - If FWFT is not implemented or returns error for shadow stack activation, then no_usercfi is set to disable shadow stack. Although this should be picked up by extension validation and activation. Fixed this bug for zicfilp and zicfiss both. Thanks to Charlie Jenkins for reporting this. - If toolchain doesn't support cfi, cfi kselftest shouldn't build. Suggested by Charlie Jenkins. - Default for CONFIG_RISCV_USER_CFI is set to no. Charlie/Atish suggested to keep it off till we have more hardware availibility with RVA23 profile and zimop/zcmop implemented. Else this will start breaking people's workflow - Includes the fix if "!RV64 and !SBI" then definitions for FWFT in asm-offsets.c error. v15: - Toolchain has been updated to include `-fcf-protection` flag. This exists for x86 as well. Updated kernel patches to compile vDSO and selftest to compile with `fcf-protection=full` flag. - selecting CONFIG_RISCV_USERCFI selects CONFIG_RISCV_SBI. - Patch to enable shadow stack for kernel wasn't hidden behind CONFIG_RISCV_USERCFI and CONFIG_RISCV_SBI. fixed that. v14: - rebased on top of palmer/sbi-v3. Thus dropped clement's FWFT patches Updated RISCV_ISA_EXT_XXXX in hwcap and hwprobe constants. - Took Radim's suggestions on bitfields. - Placed cfi_state at the end of thread_info block so that current situation is not disturbed with respect to member fields of thread_info in single cacheline. v13: - cpu_supports_shadow_stack/cpu_supports_indirect_br_lp_instr uses riscv_has_extension_unlikely() - uses nops(count) to create nop slide - RISCV_ACQUIRE_BARRIER is not needed in `amo_user_shstk`. Removed it - changed ternaries to simply use implicit casting to convert to bool. - kernel command line allows to disable zicfilp and zicfiss independently. updated kernel-parameters.txt. - ptrace user abi for cfi uses bitmasks instead of bitfields. Added ptrace kselftest. - cosmetic and grammatical changes to documentation. v12: - It seems like I had accidently squashed arch agnostic indirect branch tracking prctl and riscv implementation of those prctls. Split them again. - set_shstk_status/set_indir_lp_status perform CSR writes only when CPU support is available. As suggested by Zong Li. - Some minor clean up in kselftests as suggested by Zong Li. v11: - patch "arch/riscv: compile vdso with landing pad" was unconditionally selecting `_zicfilp` for vDSO compile. fixed that. Changed `lpad 1` to to `lpad 0`. v10: - dropped "mm: helper `is_shadow_stack_vma` to check shadow stack vma". This patch is not that interesting to this patch series for risc-v. There are instances in arch directories where VM_SHADOW_STACK flag is anyways used. Dropping this patch to expedite merging in riscv tree. - Took suggestions from `Clement` on "riscv: zicfiss / zicfilp enumeration" to validate presence of cfi based on config. - Added a patch for vDSO to have `lpad 0`. I had omitted this earlier to make sure we add single vdso object with cfi enabled. But a vdso object with scheme of zero labeled landing pad is least common denominator and should work with all objects of zero labeled as well as function-signature labeled objects. v9: - rebased on master (39a803b754d5 fix braino in "9p: fix ->rename_sem exclusion") - dropped "mm: Introduce ARCH_HAS_USER_SHADOW_STACK" (master has it from arm64/gcs) - dropped "prctl: arch-agnostic prctl for shadow stack" (master has it from arm64/gcs) v8: - rebased on palmer/for-next - dropped samuel holland's `envcfg` context switch patches. they are in parlmer/for-next v7: - Removed "riscv/Kconfig: enable HAVE_EXIT_THREAD for riscv" Instead using `deactivate_mm` flow to clean up. see here for more context https://lore.kernel.org/all/20230908203655.543765-1-rick.p.edgecombe@intel.… - Changed the header include in `kselftest`. Hopefully this fixes compile issue faced by Zong Li at SiFive. - Cleaned up an orphaned change to `mm/mmap.c` in below patch "riscv/mm : ensure PROT_WRITE leads to VM_READ | VM_WRITE" - Lock interfaces for shadow stack and indirect branch tracking expect arg == 0 Any future evolution of this interface should accordingly define how arg should be setup. - `mm/map.c` has an instance of using `VM_SHADOW_STACK`. Fixed it to use helper `is_shadow_stack_vma`. - Link to v6: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241008-v5_user_cfi_series-v6-0-60d9fe073f37@riv… v6: - Picked up Samuel Holland's changes as is with `envcfg` placed in `thread` instead of `thread_info` - fixed unaligned newline escapes in kselftest - cleaned up messages in kselftest and included test output in commit message - fixed a bug in clone path reported by Zong Li - fixed a build issue if CONFIG_RISCV_ISA_V is not selected (this was introduced due to re-factoring signal context management code) v5: - rebased on v6.12-rc1 - Fixed schema related issues in device tree file - Fixed some of the documentation related issues in zicfilp/ss.rst (style issues and added index) - added `SHADOW_STACK_SET_MARKER` so that implementation can define base of shadow stack. - Fixed warnings on definitions added in usercfi.h when CONFIG_RISCV_USER_CFI is not selected. - Adopted context header based signal handling as proposed by Andy Chiu - Added support for enabling kernel mode access to shadow stack using FWFT (https://github.com/riscv-non-isa/riscv-sbi-doc/blob/master/src/ext-firmware…) - Link to v5: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241001-v5_user_cfi_series-v1-0-3ba65b6e550f@riv… (Note: I had an issue in my workflow due to which version number wasn't picked up correctly while sending out patches) v4: - rebased on 6.11-rc6 - envcfg: Converged with Samuel Holland's patches for envcfg management on per- thread basis. - vma_is_shadow_stack is renamed to is_vma_shadow_stack - picked up Mark Brown's `ARCH_HAS_USER_SHADOW_STACK` patch - signal context: using extended context management to maintain compatibility. - fixed `-Wmissing-prototypes` compiler warnings for prctl functions - Documentation fixes and amending typos. - Link to v4: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240912231650.3740732-1-debug@rivosinc.com/ v3: - envcfg logic to pick up base envcfg had a bug where `ENVCFG_CBZE` could have been picked on per task basis, even though CPU didn't implement it. Fixed in this series. - dt-bindings As suggested, split into separate commit. fixed the messaging that spec is in public review - arch_is_shadow_stack change arch_is_shadow_stack changed to vma_is_shadow_stack - hwprobe zicfiss / zicfilp if present will get enumerated in hwprobe - selftests As suggested, added object and binary filenames to .gitignore Selftest binary anyways need to be compiled with cfi enabled compiler which will make sure that landing pad and shadow stack are enabled. Thus removed separate enable/disable tests. Cleaned up tests a bit. - Link to v3: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20240403234054.2020347-1-debug@rivosinc.com/ v2: - Using config `CONFIG_RISCV_USER_CFI`, kernel support for riscv control flow integrity for user mode programs can be compiled in the kernel. - Enabling of control flow integrity for user programs is left to user runtime - This patch series introduces arch agnostic `prctls` to enable shadow stack and indirect branch tracking. And implements them on riscv. --- Changes in v16: - Link to v15: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250502-v5_user_cfi_series-v15-0-914966471885@ri… Changes in v15: - changelog posted just below cover letter - Link to v14: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250429-v5_user_cfi_series-v14-0-5239410d012a@ri… Changes in v14: - changelog posted just below cover letter - Link to v13: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250424-v5_user_cfi_series-v13-0-971437de586a@ri… Changes in v13: - changelog posted just below cover letter - Link to v12: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250314-v5_user_cfi_series-v12-0-e51202b53138@ri… Changes in v12: - changelog posted just below cover letter - Link to v11: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250310-v5_user_cfi_series-v11-0-86b36cbfb910@ri… Changes in v11: - changelog posted just below cover letter - Link to v10: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250210-v5_user_cfi_series-v10-0-163dcfa31c60@ri… --- Andy Chiu (1): riscv: signal: abstract header saving for setup_sigcontext Deepak Gupta (25): mm: VM_SHADOW_STACK definition for riscv dt-bindings: riscv: zicfilp and zicfiss in dt-bindings (extensions.yaml) riscv: zicfiss / zicfilp enumeration riscv: zicfiss / zicfilp extension csr and bit definitions riscv: usercfi state for task and save/restore of CSR_SSP on trap entry/exit riscv/mm : ensure PROT_WRITE leads to VM_READ | VM_WRITE riscv mm: manufacture shadow stack pte riscv mmu: teach pte_mkwrite to manufacture shadow stack PTEs riscv mmu: write protect and shadow stack riscv/mm: Implement map_shadow_stack() syscall riscv/shstk: If needed allocate a new shadow stack on clone riscv: Implements arch agnostic shadow stack prctls prctl: arch-agnostic prctl for indirect branch tracking riscv: Implements arch agnostic indirect branch tracking prctls riscv/traps: Introduce software check exception riscv/signal: save and restore of shadow stack for signal riscv/kernel: update __show_regs to print shadow stack register riscv/ptrace: riscv cfi status and state via ptrace and in core files riscv/hwprobe: zicfilp / zicfiss enumeration in hwprobe riscv: kernel command line option to opt out of user cfi riscv: enable kernel access to shadow stack memory via FWFT sbi call riscv: create a config for shadow stack and landing pad instr support riscv: Documentation for landing pad / indirect branch tracking riscv: Documentation for shadow stack on riscv kselftest/riscv: kselftest for user mode cfi Jim Shu (1): arch/riscv: compile vdso with landing pad Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt | 8 + Documentation/arch/riscv/index.rst | 2 + Documentation/arch/riscv/zicfilp.rst | 115 +++++ Documentation/arch/riscv/zicfiss.rst | 179 +++++++ .../devicetree/bindings/riscv/extensions.yaml | 14 + arch/riscv/Kconfig | 21 + arch/riscv/Makefile | 5 +- arch/riscv/include/asm/asm-prototypes.h | 1 + arch/riscv/include/asm/assembler.h | 44 ++ arch/riscv/include/asm/cpufeature.h | 12 + arch/riscv/include/asm/csr.h | 16 + arch/riscv/include/asm/entry-common.h | 2 + arch/riscv/include/asm/hwcap.h | 2 + arch/riscv/include/asm/mman.h | 25 + arch/riscv/include/asm/mmu_context.h | 7 + arch/riscv/include/asm/pgtable.h | 30 +- arch/riscv/include/asm/processor.h | 2 + arch/riscv/include/asm/thread_info.h | 3 + arch/riscv/include/asm/usercfi.h | 95 ++++ arch/riscv/include/asm/vector.h | 3 + arch/riscv/include/uapi/asm/hwprobe.h | 2 + arch/riscv/include/uapi/asm/ptrace.h | 34 ++ arch/riscv/include/uapi/asm/sigcontext.h | 1 + arch/riscv/kernel/Makefile | 1 + arch/riscv/kernel/asm-offsets.c | 10 + arch/riscv/kernel/cpufeature.c | 27 + arch/riscv/kernel/entry.S | 33 +- arch/riscv/kernel/head.S | 27 + arch/riscv/kernel/process.c | 26 +- arch/riscv/kernel/ptrace.c | 95 ++++ arch/riscv/kernel/signal.c | 148 +++++- arch/riscv/kernel/sys_hwprobe.c | 2 + arch/riscv/kernel/sys_riscv.c | 10 + arch/riscv/kernel/traps.c | 43 ++ arch/riscv/kernel/usercfi.c | 545 +++++++++++++++++++++ arch/riscv/kernel/vdso/Makefile | 6 + arch/riscv/kernel/vdso/flush_icache.S | 4 + arch/riscv/kernel/vdso/getcpu.S | 4 + arch/riscv/kernel/vdso/rt_sigreturn.S | 4 + arch/riscv/kernel/vdso/sys_hwprobe.S | 4 + arch/riscv/mm/init.c | 2 +- arch/riscv/mm/pgtable.c | 17 + include/linux/cpu.h | 4 + include/linux/mm.h | 7 + include/uapi/linux/elf.h | 2 + include/uapi/linux/prctl.h | 27 + kernel/sys.c | 30 ++ tools/testing/selftests/riscv/Makefile | 2 +- tools/testing/selftests/riscv/cfi/.gitignore | 3 + tools/testing/selftests/riscv/cfi/Makefile | 16 + tools/testing/selftests/riscv/cfi/cfi_rv_test.h | 82 ++++ tools/testing/selftests/riscv/cfi/riscv_cfi_test.c | 173 +++++++ tools/testing/selftests/riscv/cfi/shadowstack.c | 385 +++++++++++++++ tools/testing/selftests/riscv/cfi/shadowstack.h | 27 + 54 files changed, 2360 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-) --- base-commit: 4181f8ad7a1061efed0219951d608d4988302af7 change-id: 20240930-v5_user_cfi_series-3dc332f8f5b2 -- - debug

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[PATCH bpf-next v4 0/3] Allow mmap of /sys/kernel/btf/vmlinux

by Lorenz Bauer

I'd like to cut down the memory usage of parsing vmlinux BTF in ebpf-go. With some upcoming changes the library is sitting at 5MiB for a parse. Most of that memory is simply copying the BTF blob into user space. By allowing vmlinux BTF to be mmapped read-only into user space I can cut memory usage by about 75%. Signed-off-by: Lorenz Bauer <lmb(a)isovalent.com> --- Changes in v4: - Go back to remap_pfn_range for aarch64 compat - Dropped btf_new_no_copy (Andrii) - Fixed nits in selftests (Andrii) - Clearer error handling in the mmap handler (Andrii) - Fixed build on s390 - Link to v3: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250505-vmlinux-mmap-v3-0-5d53afa060e8@isovalent… Changes in v3: - Remove slightly confusing calculation of trailing (Alexei) - Use vm_insert_page (Alexei) - Simplified libbpf code - Link to v2: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250502-vmlinux-mmap-v2-0-95c271434519@isovalent… Changes in v2: - Use btf__new in selftest - Avoid vm_iomap_memory in btf_vmlinux_mmap - Add VM_DONTDUMP - Add support to libbpf - Link to v1: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250501-vmlinux-mmap-v1-0-aa2724572598@isovalent… --- Lorenz Bauer (3): btf: allow mmap of vmlinux btf selftests: bpf: add a test for mmapable vmlinux BTF libbpf: Use mmap to parse vmlinux BTF from sysfs include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h | 3 +- kernel/bpf/sysfs_btf.c | 32 ++++++++ tools/lib/bpf/btf.c | 85 ++++++++++++++++++---- tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/btf_sysfs.c | 81 +++++++++++++++++++++ 4 files changed, 184 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-) --- base-commit: 7220eabff8cb4af3b93cd021aa853b9f5df2923f change-id: 20250501-vmlinux-mmap-2ec5563c3ef1 Best regards, -- Lorenz Bauer <lmb(a)isovalent.com>

1 month

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[PATCH bpf-next v5 0/3] Allow mmap of /sys/kernel/btf/vmlinux

by Lorenz Bauer

I'd like to cut down the memory usage of parsing vmlinux BTF in ebpf-go. With some upcoming changes the library is sitting at 5MiB for a parse. Most of that memory is simply copying the BTF blob into user space. By allowing vmlinux BTF to be mmapped read-only into user space I can cut memory usage by about 75%. Signed-off-by: Lorenz Bauer <lmb(a)isovalent.com> --- Changes in v5: - Fix error return of btf_parse_raw_mmap (Andrii) - Link to v4: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250510-vmlinux-mmap-v4-0-69e424b2a672@isovalent… Changes in v4: - Go back to remap_pfn_range for aarch64 compat - Dropped btf_new_no_copy (Andrii) - Fixed nits in selftests (Andrii) - Clearer error handling in the mmap handler (Andrii) - Fixed build on s390 - Link to v3: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250505-vmlinux-mmap-v3-0-5d53afa060e8@isovalent… Changes in v3: - Remove slightly confusing calculation of trailing (Alexei) - Use vm_insert_page (Alexei) - Simplified libbpf code - Link to v2: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250502-vmlinux-mmap-v2-0-95c271434519@isovalent… Changes in v2: - Use btf__new in selftest - Avoid vm_iomap_memory in btf_vmlinux_mmap - Add VM_DONTDUMP - Add support to libbpf - Link to v1: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250501-vmlinux-mmap-v1-0-aa2724572598@isovalent… --- Lorenz Bauer (3): btf: allow mmap of vmlinux btf selftests: bpf: add a test for mmapable vmlinux BTF libbpf: Use mmap to parse vmlinux BTF from sysfs include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h | 3 +- kernel/bpf/sysfs_btf.c | 32 ++++++++ tools/lib/bpf/btf.c | 89 +++++++++++++++++----- tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/btf_sysfs.c | 81 ++++++++++++++++++++ 4 files changed, 186 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-) --- base-commit: 7220eabff8cb4af3b93cd021aa853b9f5df2923f change-id: 20250501-vmlinux-mmap-2ec5563c3ef1 Best regards, -- Lorenz Bauer <lmb(a)isovalent.com>

1 month

4
6
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[PATCH net-next] selftests: net: move wait_local_port_listen to lib.sh

by Hangbin Liu

The function wait_local_port_listen() is the only function defined in net_helper.sh. Since some tests source both lib.sh and net_helper.sh, we can simplify the setup by moving wait_local_port_listen() to lib.sh. With this change, net_helper.sh becomes redundant and can be removed. Signed-off-by: Hangbin Liu <liuhangbin(a)gmail.com> --- tools/testing/selftests/net/Makefile | 2 +- tools/testing/selftests/net/busy_poll_test.sh | 2 +- .../net/ipv6_route_update_soft_lockup.sh | 1 - tools/testing/selftests/net/lib.sh | 21 ++++++++++++++++ tools/testing/selftests/net/mptcp/Makefile | 2 +- .../testing/selftests/net/mptcp/mptcp_lib.sh | 1 - tools/testing/selftests/net/net_helper.sh | 25 ------------------- tools/testing/selftests/net/pmtu.sh | 1 - tools/testing/selftests/net/udpgro.sh | 2 +- tools/testing/selftests/net/udpgro_bench.sh | 2 +- tools/testing/selftests/net/udpgro_frglist.sh | 2 +- tools/testing/selftests/net/udpgro_fwd.sh | 2 +- 12 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/net/net_helper.sh diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/net/Makefile index 70a38f485d4d..ea84b88bcb30 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/Makefile +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/Makefile @@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ YNL_GEN_FILES := busy_poller netlink-dumps TEST_GEN_FILES += $(YNL_GEN_FILES) TEST_FILES := settings -TEST_FILES += in_netns.sh lib.sh net_helper.sh setup_loopback.sh setup_veth.sh +TEST_FILES += in_netns.sh lib.sh setup_loopback.sh setup_veth.sh TEST_GEN_FILES += $(patsubst %.c,%.o,$(wildcard *.bpf.c)) diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/busy_poll_test.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/net/busy_poll_test.sh index 7db292ec4884..7d2d40812074 100755 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/busy_poll_test.sh +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/busy_poll_test.sh @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ #!/bin/bash # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 -source net_helper.sh +source lib.sh NSIM_SV_ID=$((256 + RANDOM % 256)) NSIM_SV_SYS=/sys/bus/netdevsim/devices/netdevsim$NSIM_SV_ID diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/ipv6_route_update_soft_lockup.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/net/ipv6_route_update_soft_lockup.sh index a6b2b1f9c641..c6866e42f95c 100755 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/ipv6_route_update_soft_lockup.sh +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/ipv6_route_update_soft_lockup.sh @@ -69,7 +69,6 @@ # which can affect the conditions needed to trigger a soft lockup. source lib.sh -source net_helper.sh TEST_DURATION=300 ROUTING_TABLE_REFRESH_PERIOD=0.01 diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/lib.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/net/lib.sh index 7962da06f816..006fdadcc4b9 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/lib.sh +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/lib.sh @@ -595,3 +595,24 @@ bridge_vlan_add() bridge vlan add "$@" defer bridge vlan del "$@" } + +wait_local_port_listen() +{ + local listener_ns="${1}" + local port="${2}" + local protocol="${3}" + local pattern + local i + + pattern=":$(printf "%04X" "${port}") " + + # for tcp protocol additionally check the socket state + [ ${protocol} = "tcp" ] && pattern="${pattern}0A" + for i in $(seq 10); do + if ip netns exec "${listener_ns}" awk '{print $2" "$4}' \ + /proc/net/"${protocol}"* | grep -q "${pattern}"; then + break + fi + sleep 0.1 + done +} diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/mptcp/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/net/mptcp/Makefile index 340e1a777e16..e47788bfa671 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/mptcp/Makefile +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/mptcp/Makefile @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ TEST_GEN_FILES = mptcp_connect pm_nl_ctl mptcp_sockopt mptcp_inq mptcp_diag TEST_FILES := mptcp_lib.sh settings -TEST_INCLUDES := ../lib.sh $(wildcard ../lib/sh/*.sh) ../net_helper.sh +TEST_INCLUDES := ../lib.sh $(wildcard ../lib/sh/*.sh) EXTRA_CLEAN := *.pcap diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/mptcp/mptcp_lib.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/net/mptcp/mptcp_lib.sh index 55212188871e..09cd24b2ae46 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/mptcp/mptcp_lib.sh +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/mptcp/mptcp_lib.sh @@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 . "$(dirname "${0}")/../lib.sh" -. "$(dirname "${0}")/../net_helper.sh" readonly KSFT_PASS=0 readonly KSFT_FAIL=1 diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/net_helper.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/net/net_helper.sh deleted file mode 100644 index 6596fe03c77f..000000000000 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/net_helper.sh +++ /dev/null @@ -1,25 +0,0 @@ -#!/bin/bash -# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 -# -# Helper functions - -wait_local_port_listen() -{ - local listener_ns="${1}" - local port="${2}" - local protocol="${3}" - local pattern - local i - - pattern=":$(printf "%04X" "${port}") " - - # for tcp protocol additionally check the socket state - [ ${protocol} = "tcp" ] && pattern="${pattern}0A" - for i in $(seq 10); do - if ip netns exec "${listener_ns}" awk '{print $2" "$4}' \ - /proc/net/"${protocol}"* | grep -q "${pattern}"; then - break - fi - sleep 0.1 - done -} diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/pmtu.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/net/pmtu.sh index 66be7699c72c..88e914c4eef9 100755 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/pmtu.sh +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/pmtu.sh @@ -205,7 +205,6 @@ # Check that PMTU exceptions are created for both paths. source lib.sh -source net_helper.sh PAUSE_ON_FAIL=no VERBOSE=0 diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/udpgro.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/net/udpgro.sh index d5ffd8c9172e..1dc337c709f8 100755 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/udpgro.sh +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/udpgro.sh @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ # # Run a series of udpgro functional tests. -source net_helper.sh +source lib.sh readonly PEER_NS="ns-peer-$(mktemp -u XXXXXX)" diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/udpgro_bench.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/net/udpgro_bench.sh index 815fad8c53a8..54fa4821bc5e 100755 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/udpgro_bench.sh +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/udpgro_bench.sh @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ # # Run a series of udpgro benchmarks -source net_helper.sh +source lib.sh readonly PEER_NS="ns-peer-$(mktemp -u XXXXXX)" diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/udpgro_frglist.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/net/udpgro_frglist.sh index 5f3d1a110d11..9a2cfec1153e 100755 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/udpgro_frglist.sh +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/udpgro_frglist.sh @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ # # Run a series of udpgro benchmarks -source net_helper.sh +source lib.sh readonly PEER_NS="ns-peer-$(mktemp -u XXXXXX)" diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/udpgro_fwd.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/net/udpgro_fwd.sh index f22f6c66997e..a39fdc4aa2ff 100755 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/udpgro_fwd.sh +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/udpgro_fwd.sh @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ #!/bin/bash # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 -source net_helper.sh +source lib.sh BPF_FILE="lib/xdp_dummy.bpf.o" readonly BASE="ns-$(mktemp -u XXXXXX)" -- 2.46.0

1 month

2
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[PATCH bpf-next/net v3 0/5] bpf: Add mptcp_subflow bpf_iter support

by Matthieu Baerts (NGI0)

Here is a series from Geliang, adding mptcp_subflow bpf_iter support. We are working on extending MPTCP with BPF, e.g. to control the path manager -- in charge of the creation, deletion, and announcements of subflows (paths) -- and the packet scheduler -- in charge of selecting which available path the next data will be sent to. These extensions need to iterate over the list of subflows attached to an MPTCP connection, and do some specific actions via some new kfunc that will be added later on. This preparation work is split in different patches: - Patch 1: register some "basic" MPTCP kfunc. - Patch 2: add mptcp_subflow bpf_iter support. Note that previous versions of this single patch have already been shared to the BPF mailing list. The changelog has been kept with a comment, but the version number has been reset to avoid confusions. - Patch 3: add more MPTCP endpoints in the selftests, in order to create more than 2 subflows. - Patch 4: add a very simple test validating mptcp_subflow bpf_iter support. This test could be written without the new bpf_iter, but it is there only to make sure this specific feature works as expected. - Patch 5: a small fix to drop an unused parameter in the selftests. Signed-off-by: Matthieu Baerts (NGI0) <matttbe(a)kernel.org> --- Changes in v3: - Previous patches 1, 2 and 5 were no longer needed. (Martin) - Patch 2: Switch to 'struct sock' and drop unneeded checks. (Martin) - Patch 4: Adapt the test accordingly. - Patch 5: New small fix for the selftests. - Examples and questions for BPF maintainers have been added in Patch 2. - Link to v2: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241219-bpf-next-net-mptcp-bpf_iter-subflows-v2-… Changes in v2: - Patches 1-2: new ones. - Patch 3: remove two kfunc, more restrictions. (Martin) - Patch 4: add BUILD_BUG_ON(), more restrictions. (Martin) - Patch 7: adaptations due to modifications in patches 1-4. - Link to v1: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241108-bpf-next-net-mptcp-bpf_iter-subflows-v1-… --- Geliang Tang (5): bpf: Register mptcp common kfunc set bpf: Add mptcp_subflow bpf_iter selftests/bpf: More endpoints for endpoint_init selftests/bpf: Add mptcp_subflow bpf_iter subtest selftests/bpf: Drop cgroup_fd of run_mptcpify net/mptcp/bpf.c | 87 +++++++++++++- tools/testing/selftests/bpf/bpf_experimental.h | 8 ++ tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/mptcp.c | 133 +++++++++++++++++++-- tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/mptcp_bpf.h | 4 + .../testing/selftests/bpf/progs/mptcp_bpf_iters.c | 59 +++++++++ 5 files changed, 282 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) --- base-commit: dad704ebe38642cd405e15b9c51263356391355c change-id: 20241108-bpf-next-net-mptcp-bpf_iter-subflows-027f6d87770e Best regards, -- Matthieu Baerts (NGI0) <matttbe(a)kernel.org>

1 month

3
11
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[PATCH 0/9] tools/nolibc: split out more headers

by Thomas Weißschuh

Split out all headers which are used by nolibc-test.c. This makes it easier to port existing applications to nolibc. Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <linux(a)weissschuh.net> --- Thomas Weißschuh (9): tools/nolibc: move ioctl() to sys/ioctl.h tools/nolibc: move mount() to sys/mount.h tools/nolibc: move prctl() to sys/prctl.h tools/nolibc: move reboot() to sys/reboot.h tools/nolibc: move getrlimit() and friends to sys/resource.h tools/nolibc: move makedev() and friends to sys/sysmacros.h tools/nolibc: move uname() and friends to sys/utsname.h tools/nolibc: move NULL and offsetof() to sys/stddef.h selftests/nolibc: drop include guards around standard headers tools/include/nolibc/Makefile | 8 ++ tools/include/nolibc/nolibc.h | 7 ++ tools/include/nolibc/std.h | 6 +- tools/include/nolibc/stddef.h | 24 +++++ tools/include/nolibc/sys.h | 136 --------------------------- tools/include/nolibc/sys/ioctl.h | 29 ++++++ tools/include/nolibc/sys/mount.h | 37 ++++++++ tools/include/nolibc/sys/prctl.h | 36 +++++++ tools/include/nolibc/sys/reboot.h | 34 +++++++ tools/include/nolibc/sys/resource.h | 53 +++++++++++ tools/include/nolibc/sys/sysmacros.h | 20 ++++ tools/include/nolibc/sys/utsname.h | 42 +++++++++ tools/include/nolibc/types.h | 11 --- tools/testing/selftests/nolibc/nolibc-test.c | 5 - 14 files changed, 291 insertions(+), 157 deletions(-) --- base-commit: 6a25f787912a73613f12e7eefbebd72ee3d43f85 change-id: 20250515-nolibc-sys-31a4fd76d897 Best regards, -- Thomas Weißschuh <linux(a)weissschuh.net>

1 month

3
18
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[PATCH v2] selftests: filesystems: fix "memebers" typo in mount-notify

by Hendrik Hamerlinck

Corrects a spelling mistake "memebers" instead of "members" in tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/mount-notify/mount-notify_test.c Signed-off-by: Hendrik Hamerlinck <hendrik.hamerlinck(a)hammernet.be> --- Changes since v1: Improved commit message to be consistent with other commit messages. .../selftests/filesystems/mount-notify/mount-notify_test.c | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/mount-notify/mount-notify_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/mount-notify/mount-notify_test.c index 59a71f22fb11..af2b61224a61 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/mount-notify/mount-notify_test.c +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/mount-notify/mount-notify_test.c @@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ static void verify_mount_ids(struct __test_metadata *const _metadata, } } } - // Check that all list1 memebers can be found in list2. Together with + // Check that all list1 members can be found in list2. Together with // the above it means that the list1 and list2 represent the same sets. for (i = 0; i < num; i++) { for (j = 0; j < num; j++) { -- 2.43.0

1 month

1
0
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[PATCH v2] selftests: ir_decoder: Convert header comment to proper multi-line block

by Abdelrahman Fekry

v2- fixed multiple trailing whitespace errors and the Signed-off-by mismatch The test file for the IR decoder used single-line comments at the top to document its purpose and licensing, which is inconsistent with the style used throughout the Linux kernel. In this patch i converted the file header to a proper multi-line comment block (/*) that aligns with standard kernel practices. This improves readability, consistency across selftests, and ensures the license and documentation are clearly visible in a familiar format. No functional changes have been made. Signed-off-by: Abdelrahman Fekry <abdelrahmanfekry375(a)gmail.com> --- tools/testing/selftests/ir/ir_loopback.c | 23 +++++++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/ir/ir_loopback.c b/tools/testing/selftests/ir/ir_loopback.c index f4a15cbdd5ea..c94faa975630 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/ir/ir_loopback.c +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/ir/ir_loopback.c @@ -1,14 +1,17 @@ // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 -// test ir decoder -// -// Copyright (C) 2018 Sean Young <sean(a)mess.org> - -// When sending LIRC_MODE_SCANCODE, the IR will be encoded. rc-loopback -// will send this IR to the receiver side, where we try to read the decoded -// IR. Decoding happens in a separate kernel thread, so we will need to -// wait until that is scheduled, hence we use poll to check for read -// readiness. - +/* Copyright (C) 2018 Sean Young <sean(a)mess.org> + * + * Selftest for IR decoder + * + * + * When sending LIRC_MODE_SCANCODE, the IR will be encoded. + * rc-loopback will send this IR to the receiver side, + * where we try to read the decoded IR. + * Decoding happens in a separate kernel thread, + * so we will need to wait until that is scheduled, + * hence we use poll to check for read + * readiness. + */ #include <linux/lirc.h> #include <errno.h> #include <stdio.h> -- 2.25.1

1 month

1
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[PATCH v2] selftests: size: fix grammar and align output formatting

by Abdelrahman Fekry

This is v2 of the patch. The Signed-off-by line mismatch reported by checkpatch has been fixed. Improve the grammar in the test name by changing "get runtime memory use" to "get runtime memory usage". Also adjust spacing in output lines ("Total:", "Free:", etc.) to ensure consistent alignment and readability. Signed-off-by: Abdelrahman Fekry <abdelrahmanfekry375(a)gmail.com> --- tools/testing/selftests/size/get_size.c | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/size/get_size.c b/tools/testing/selftests/size/get_size.c index 2980b1a63366..d5b67c073d8e 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/size/get_size.c +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/size/get_size.c @@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ void _start(void) int ccode; struct sysinfo info; unsigned long used; - static const char *test_name = " get runtime memory use\n"; + static const char *test_name = " get runtime memory usage\n"; print("TAP version 13\n"); print("# Testing system size.\n"); @@ -105,8 +105,8 @@ void _start(void) used = info.totalram - info.freeram - info.bufferram; print("# System runtime memory report (units in Kilobytes):\n"); print(" ---\n"); - print_k_value(" Total: ", info.totalram, info.mem_unit); - print_k_value(" Free: ", info.freeram, info.mem_unit); + print_k_value(" Total : ", info.totalram, info.mem_unit); + print_k_value(" Free : ", info.freeram, info.mem_unit); print_k_value(" Buffer: ", info.bufferram, info.mem_unit); print_k_value(" In use: ", used, info.mem_unit); print(" ...\n"); -- 2.25.1

1 month

1
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[PATCH v2] selftests: acct: fix grammar and clarify output messages - Fixed email case mismatch in Signed-off-by

by Abdelrahman Fekry

This patch improves the clarity and grammar of output messages in the acct() selftest. Minor changes were made to user-facing strings and comments to make them easier to understand and more consistent with the kselftest style. Changes include: - Fixing grammar in printed messages and comments. - Rewording error and success outputs for clarity and professionalism. - Making the "root check" message more direct. These updates improve readability without affecting test logic or behavior. Signed-off-by: Abdelrahman Fekry <abdelrahmanfekry375(a)gmail.com> --- tools/testing/selftests/acct/acct_syscall.c | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/acct/acct_syscall.c b/tools/testing/selftests/acct/acct_syscall.c index 87c044fb9293..2c120a527574 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/acct/acct_syscall.c +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/acct/acct_syscall.c @@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ int main(void) ksft_print_header(); ksft_set_plan(1); - // Check if test is run a root + // Check if test is run as root if (geteuid()) { - ksft_exit_skip("This test needs root to run!\n"); + ksft_exit_skip("This test must be run as root!\n"); return 1; } @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ int main(void) child_pid = fork(); if (child_pid < 0) { - ksft_test_result_error("Creating a child process to log failed\n"); + ksft_test_result_error("Failed to create child process for logging\n"); acct(NULL); return 1; } else if (child_pid > 0) { -- 2.25.1

1 month

1
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