Re: [RFC PATCH v5 05/29] KVM: selftests: Add helper functions to create TDX VMs

On 12/13/2023 4:46 AM, Sagi Shahar wrote:

From: Erdem Aktas erdemaktas@google.com

TDX requires additional IOCTLs to initialize VM and vCPUs to add private memory and to finalize the VM memory. Also additional utility functions are provided to manipulate a TD, similar to those that manipulate a VM in the current selftest framework.

A TD's initial register state cannot be manipulated directly by setting the VM's memory, hence boot code is provided at the TD's reset vector. This boot code takes boot parameters loaded in the TD's memory and sets up the TD for the selftest.

Signed-off-by: Erdem Aktas erdemaktas@google.com Signed-off-by: Ryan Afranji afranji@google.com Signed-off-by: Sagi Shahar sagis@google.com Co-developed-by: Ackerley Tng ackerleytng@google.com Signed-off-by: Ackerley Tng ackerleytng@google.com

---

tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile | 2 + .../kvm/include/x86_64/tdx/td_boot.h | 82 ++++ .../kvm/include/x86_64/tdx/td_boot_asm.h | 16 + .../kvm/include/x86_64/tdx/tdx_util.h | 16 + .../selftests/kvm/lib/x86_64/tdx/td_boot.S | 101 ++++ .../selftests/kvm/lib/x86_64/tdx/tdx_util.c | 434 ++++++++++++++++++ 6 files changed, 651 insertions(+) create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/tdx/td_boot.h create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/tdx/td_boot_asm.h create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/tdx/tdx_util.h create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86_64/tdx/td_boot.S create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86_64/tdx/tdx_util.c

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile index b11ac221aba4..a35150ab855f 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile @@ -50,6 +50,8 @@ LIBKVM_x86_64 += lib/x86_64/svm.c LIBKVM_x86_64 += lib/x86_64/ucall.c LIBKVM_x86_64 += lib/x86_64/vmx.c LIBKVM_x86_64 += lib/x86_64/sev.c +LIBKVM_x86_64 += lib/x86_64/tdx/tdx_util.c +LIBKVM_x86_64 += lib/x86_64/tdx/td_boot.S LIBKVM_aarch64 += lib/aarch64/gic.c LIBKVM_aarch64 += lib/aarch64/gic_v3.c diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/tdx/td_boot.h b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/tdx/td_boot.h new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..148057e569d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/tdx/td_boot.h @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */ +#ifndef SELFTEST_TDX_TD_BOOT_H +#define SELFTEST_TDX_TD_BOOT_H

+#include <stdint.h> +#include "tdx/td_boot_asm.h"

+/*

• • Layout for boot section (not to scale)

• •                              GPA
    

• • ┌─────────────────────────────┬──0x1_0000_0000 (4GB)
• • │ Boot code trampoline │
• • ├─────────────────────────────┼──0x0_ffff_fff0: Reset vector (16B below 4GB)
• • │ Boot code │
• • ├─────────────────────────────┼──td_boot will be copied here, so that the
• • │ │ jmp to td_boot is exactly at the reset vector
• • │ Empty space │
• • │ │
• • ├─────────────────────────────┤
• • │ │
• • │ │
• • │ Boot parameters │
• • │ │
• • │ │
• • └─────────────────────────────┴──0x0_ffff_0000: TD_BOOT_PARAMETERS_GPA
• */

+#define FOUR_GIGABYTES_GPA (4ULL << 30)

+/**

• • The exact memory layout for LGDT or LIDT instructions.
• */

+struct __packed td_boot_parameters_dtr {

• uint16_t limit;
• uint32_t base;

+};

+/**

• • The exact layout in memory required for a ljmp, including the selector for
• • changing code segment.
• */

+struct __packed td_boot_parameters_ljmp_target {

• uint32_t eip_gva;
• uint16_t code64_sel;

+};

+/**

• • Allows each vCPU to be initialized with different eip and esp.
• */

+struct __packed td_per_vcpu_parameters {

• uint32_t esp_gva;
• struct td_boot_parameters_ljmp_target ljmp_target;

+};

+/**

• • Boot parameters for the TD.
• • Unlike a regular VM, we can't ask KVM to set registers such as esp, eip, etc
• • before boot, so to run selftests, these registers' values have to be
• • initialized by the TD.
• • This struct is loaded in TD private memory at TD_BOOT_PARAMETERS_GPA.
• • The TD boot code will read off parameters from this struct and set up the
• • vcpu for executing selftests.
• */

+struct __packed td_boot_parameters {

• uint32_t cr0;
• uint32_t cr3;
• uint32_t cr4;
• struct td_boot_parameters_dtr gdtr;
• struct td_boot_parameters_dtr idtr;
• struct td_per_vcpu_parameters per_vcpu[];

+};

+extern void td_boot(void); +extern void reset_vector(void); +extern void td_boot_code_end(void);

+#define TD_BOOT_CODE_SIZE (td_boot_code_end - td_boot)

+#endif /* SELFTEST_TDX_TD_BOOT_H */ diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/tdx/td_boot_asm.h b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/tdx/td_boot_asm.h new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..0a07104f7deb --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/tdx/td_boot_asm.h @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */ +#ifndef SELFTEST_TDX_TD_BOOT_ASM_H +#define SELFTEST_TDX_TD_BOOT_ASM_H

+/*

• • GPA where TD boot parameters wil lbe loaded.
• • TD_BOOT_PARAMETERS_GPA is arbitrarily chosen to
• • • be within the 4GB address space
• • • provide enough contiguous memory for the struct td_boot_parameters such
• • that there is one struct td_per_vcpu_parameters for KVM_MAX_VCPUS
• */

+#define TD_BOOT_PARAMETERS_GPA 0xffff0000

+#endif // SELFTEST_TDX_TD_BOOT_ASM_H diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/tdx/tdx_util.h b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/tdx/tdx_util.h new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..274b245f200b --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/tdx/tdx_util.h @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */ +#ifndef SELFTESTS_TDX_KVM_UTIL_H +#define SELFTESTS_TDX_KVM_UTIL_H

+#include <stdint.h>

+#include "kvm_util_base.h"

+struct kvm_vcpu *td_vcpu_add(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t vcpu_id, void *guest_code);

+struct kvm_vm *td_create(void); +void td_initialize(struct kvm_vm *vm, enum vm_mem_backing_src_type src_type,

•    uint64_t attributes);
  

+void td_finalize(struct kvm_vm *vm);

+#endif // SELFTESTS_TDX_KVM_UTIL_H diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86_64/tdx/td_boot.S b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86_64/tdx/td_boot.S new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..800e09264d4e --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86_64/tdx/td_boot.S @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */

+#include "tdx/td_boot_asm.h"

+/* Offsets for reading struct td_boot_parameters */ +#define TD_BOOT_PARAMETERS_CR0 0 +#define TD_BOOT_PARAMETERS_CR3 4 +#define TD_BOOT_PARAMETERS_CR4 8 +#define TD_BOOT_PARAMETERS_GDT 12 +#define TD_BOOT_PARAMETERS_IDT 18 +#define TD_BOOT_PARAMETERS_PER_VCPU 24

+/* Offsets for reading struct td_per_vcpu_parameters */ +#define TD_PER_VCPU_PARAMETERS_ESP_GVA 0 +#define TD_PER_VCPU_PARAMETERS_LJMP_TARGET 4

+#define SIZEOF_TD_PER_VCPU_PARAMETERS 10

+.code32

+.globl td_boot +td_boot:

• /* In this procedure, edi is used as a temporary register */
• cli
• /* Paging is off */
• movl $TD_BOOT_PARAMETERS_GPA, %ebx
• /*

• * Find the address of struct td_per_vcpu_parameters for this
  

• * vCPU based on esi (TDX spec: initialized with vcpu id). Put
  

• * struct address into register for indirect addressing
  

• */
  

• movl $SIZEOF_TD_PER_VCPU_PARAMETERS, %eax
• mul %esi
• leal TD_BOOT_PARAMETERS_PER_VCPU(%ebx), %edi
• addl %edi, %eax
• /* Setup stack */
• movl TD_PER_VCPU_PARAMETERS_ESP_GVA(%eax), %esp
• /* Setup GDT */
• leal TD_BOOT_PARAMETERS_GDT(%ebx), %edi
• lgdt (%edi)
• /* Setup IDT */
• leal TD_BOOT_PARAMETERS_IDT(%ebx), %edi
• lidt (%edi)
• /*

• * Set up control registers (There are no instructions to
  

• * mov from memory to control registers, hence we need to use ebx
  

• * as a scratch register)
  

• */
  

• movl TD_BOOT_PARAMETERS_CR4(%ebx), %edi
• movl %edi, %cr4
• movl TD_BOOT_PARAMETERS_CR3(%ebx), %edi
• movl %edi, %cr3
• movl TD_BOOT_PARAMETERS_CR0(%ebx), %edi
• movl %edi, %cr0
• /* Paging is on after setting the most significant bit on cr0 */
• /*

• * Jump to selftest guest code. Far jumps read <segment
  

• * selector:new eip> from <addr+4:addr>. This location has
  

• * already been set up in boot parameters, and we can read boot
  

• * parameters because boot code and boot parameters are loaded so
  

• * that GVA and GPA are mapped 1:1.
  

• */
  

• ljmp *TD_PER_VCPU_PARAMETERS_LJMP_TARGET(%eax)

+.globl reset_vector +reset_vector:

• jmp td_boot
• /*

• * Pad reset_vector to its full size of 16 bytes so that this
  

• * can be loaded with the end of reset_vector aligned to GPA=4G
  

• */
  

• int3
• int3
• int3
• int3
• int3
• int3
• int3
• int3
• int3
• int3
• int3
• int3
• int3
• int3

+/* Leave marker so size of td_boot code can be computed */ +.globl td_boot_code_end +td_boot_code_end:

+/* Disable executable stack */ +.section .note.GNU-stack,"",%progbits diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86_64/tdx/tdx_util.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86_64/tdx/tdx_util.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..9b69c733ce01 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86_64/tdx/tdx_util.c @@ -0,0 +1,434 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only

+#define _GNU_SOURCE +#include <asm/kvm.h> +#include <asm/kvm_host.h> +#include <errno.h> +#include <linux/kvm.h> +#include <stdint.h> +#include <sys/ioctl.h>

+#include "kvm_util.h" +#include "test_util.h" +#include "tdx/td_boot.h" +#include "kvm_util_base.h" +#include "processor.h"

+/*

• • TDX ioctls
• */

+static char *tdx_cmd_str[] = {

• "KVM_TDX_CAPABILITIES",
• "KVM_TDX_INIT_VM",
• "KVM_TDX_INIT_VCPU",
• "KVM_TDX_INIT_MEM_REGION",
• "KVM_TDX_FINALIZE_VM"

+}; +#define TDX_MAX_CMD_STR (ARRAY_SIZE(tdx_cmd_str))

+static void tdx_ioctl(int fd, int ioctl_no, uint32_t flags, void *data) +{

• struct kvm_tdx_cmd tdx_cmd;
• int r;
• TEST_ASSERT(ioctl_no < TDX_MAX_CMD_STR, "Unknown TDX CMD : %d\n",

•     ioctl_no);
  

• memset(&tdx_cmd, 0x0, sizeof(tdx_cmd));
• tdx_cmd.id = ioctl_no;
• tdx_cmd.flags = flags;
• tdx_cmd.data = (uint64_t)data;
• r = ioctl(fd, KVM_MEMORY_ENCRYPT_OP, &tdx_cmd);
• TEST_ASSERT(r == 0, "%s failed: %d %d", tdx_cmd_str[ioctl_no], r,

•     errno);
  

+}

+#define XFEATURE_MASK_CET (XFEATURE_MASK_CET_USER | XFEATURE_MASK_CET_KERNEL)

+static void tdx_apply_cpuid_restrictions(struct kvm_cpuid2 *cpuid_data) +{

• for (int i = 0; i < cpuid_data->nent; i++) {

• struct kvm_cpuid_entry2 *e = &cpuid_data->entries[i];
  

• if (e->function == 0xd && e->index == 0) {
  

• 	/*
  

• 	 * TDX module requires both XTILE_{CFG, DATA} to be set.
  

• 	 * Both bits are required for AMX to be functional.
  

• 	 */
  

• 	if ((e->eax & XFEATURE_MASK_XTILE) !=
  

• 	    XFEATURE_MASK_XTILE) {
  

• 		e->eax &= ~XFEATURE_MASK_XTILE;
  

• 	}
  

• }
  

• if (e->function == 0xd && e->index == 1) {
  

• 	/*
  

• 	 * TDX doesn't support LBR yet.
  

• 	 * Disable bits from the XCR0 register.
  

• 	 */
  

• 	e->ecx &= ~XFEATURE_MASK_LBR;
  

• 	/*
  

• 	 * TDX modules requires both CET_{U, S} to be set even
  

• 	 * if only one is supported.
  

• 	 */
  

• 	if (e->ecx & XFEATURE_MASK_CET)
  

• 		e->ecx |= XFEATURE_MASK_CET;
  

• }
  

• }

+}

+static void tdx_td_init(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint64_t attributes) +{

• const struct kvm_cpuid2 *cpuid;
• struct kvm_tdx_init_vm *init_vm;
• cpuid = kvm_get_supported_cpuid();
• init_vm = malloc(sizeof(*init_vm) +

• 	 sizeof(init_vm->cpuid.entries[0]) * cpuid->nent);
  

• memset(init_vm, 0, sizeof(*init_vm));
• memcpy(&init_vm->cpuid, cpuid, kvm_cpuid2_size(cpuid->nent));
• init_vm->attributes = attributes;
• tdx_apply_cpuid_restrictions(&init_vm->cpuid);
• tdx_ioctl(vm->fd, KVM_TDX_INIT_VM, 0, init_vm);

+}

+static void tdx_td_vcpu_init(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu) +{

• const struct kvm_cpuid2 *cpuid = kvm_get_supported_cpuid();
• vcpu_init_cpuid(vcpu, cpuid);
• tdx_ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_TDX_INIT_VCPU, 0, NULL);

+}

+static void tdx_init_mem_region(struct kvm_vm *vm, void *source_pages,

• 		uint64_t gpa, uint64_t size)
  

+{

• struct kvm_tdx_init_mem_region mem_region = {

• .source_addr = (uint64_t)source_pages,
  

• .gpa = gpa,
  

• .nr_pages = size / PAGE_SIZE,
  

• };
• uint32_t metadata = KVM_TDX_MEASURE_MEMORY_REGION;
• TEST_ASSERT((mem_region.nr_pages > 0) &&

• 	    ((mem_region.nr_pages * PAGE_SIZE) == size),
  

•     "Cannot add partial pages to the guest memory.\n");
  

• TEST_ASSERT(((uint64_t)source_pages & (PAGE_SIZE - 1)) == 0,

•     "Source memory buffer is not page aligned\n");
  

• tdx_ioctl(vm->fd, KVM_TDX_INIT_MEM_REGION, metadata, &mem_region);

+}

+static void tdx_td_finalizemr(struct kvm_vm *vm) +{

• tdx_ioctl(vm->fd, KVM_TDX_FINALIZE_VM, 0, NULL);

+}

+/*

• • TD creation/setup/finalization
• */

+static void tdx_enable_capabilities(struct kvm_vm *vm) +{

• int rc;
• rc = kvm_check_cap(KVM_CAP_X2APIC_API);
• TEST_ASSERT(rc, "TDX: KVM_CAP_X2APIC_API is not supported!");
• rc = kvm_check_cap(KVM_CAP_SPLIT_IRQCHIP);
• TEST_ASSERT(rc, "TDX: KVM_CAP_SPLIT_IRQCHIP is not supported!");
• vm_enable_cap(vm, KVM_CAP_X2APIC_API,

•       KVM_X2APIC_API_USE_32BIT_IDS |
  

• 	      KVM_X2APIC_API_DISABLE_BROADCAST_QUIRK);
  

• vm_enable_cap(vm, KVM_CAP_SPLIT_IRQCHIP, 24);

+}

+static void tdx_configure_memory_encryption(struct kvm_vm *vm) +{

• /* Configure shared/enCrypted bit for this VM according to TDX spec */
• vm->arch.s_bit = 1ULL << (vm->pa_bits - 1);
• vm->arch.c_bit = 0;
• /* Set gpa_protected_mask so that tagging/untagging of GPAs works */
• vm->gpa_protected_mask = vm->arch.s_bit;
• /* This VM is protected (has memory encryption) */
• vm->protected = true;

+}

+static void tdx_apply_cr4_restrictions(struct kvm_sregs *sregs) +{

• /* TDX spec 11.6.2: CR4 bit MCE is fixed to 1 */
• sregs->cr4 |= X86_CR4_MCE;
• /* Set this because UEFI also sets this up, to handle XMM exceptions */
• sregs->cr4 |= X86_CR4_OSXMMEXCPT;
• /* TDX spec 11.6.2: CR4 bit VMXE and SMXE are fixed to 0 */
• sregs->cr4 &= ~(X86_CR4_VMXE | X86_CR4_SMXE);

+}

+static void load_td_boot_code(struct kvm_vm *vm) +{

• void *boot_code_hva = addr_gpa2hva(vm, FOUR_GIGABYTES_GPA - TD_BOOT_CODE_SIZE);
• TEST_ASSERT(td_boot_code_end - reset_vector == 16,

• "The reset vector must be 16 bytes in size.");
  

• memcpy(boot_code_hva, td_boot, TD_BOOT_CODE_SIZE);

+}

+static void load_td_per_vcpu_parameters(struct td_boot_parameters *params,

• 			struct kvm_sregs *sregs,
  

• 			struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
  

• 			void *guest_code)
  

+{

• /* Store vcpu_index to match what the TDX module would store internally */
• static uint32_t vcpu_index;
• struct td_per_vcpu_parameters *vcpu_params = &params->per_vcpu[vcpu_index];
• TEST_ASSERT(vcpu->initial_stack_addr != 0,

• "initial stack address should not be 0");
  

• TEST_ASSERT(vcpu->initial_stack_addr <= 0xffffffff,

• "initial stack address must fit in 32 bits");
  

• TEST_ASSERT((uint64_t)guest_code <= 0xffffffff,

• "guest_code must fit in 32 bits");
  

• TEST_ASSERT(sregs->cs.selector != 0, "cs.selector should not be 0");
• vcpu_params->esp_gva = (uint32_t)(uint64_t)vcpu->initial_stack_addr;
• vcpu_params->ljmp_target.eip_gva = (uint32_t)(uint64_t)guest_code;
• vcpu_params->ljmp_target.code64_sel = sregs->cs.selector;
• vcpu_index++;

+}

+static void load_td_common_parameters(struct td_boot_parameters *params,

• 		struct kvm_sregs *sregs)
  

+{

• /* Set parameters! */
• params->cr0 = sregs->cr0;
• params->cr3 = sregs->cr3;
• params->cr4 = sregs->cr4;
• params->gdtr.limit = sregs->gdt.limit;
• params->gdtr.base = sregs->gdt.base;
• params->idtr.limit = sregs->idt.limit;
• params->idtr.base = sregs->idt.base;
• TEST_ASSERT(params->cr0 != 0, "cr0 should not be 0");
• TEST_ASSERT(params->cr3 != 0, "cr3 should not be 0");
• TEST_ASSERT(params->cr4 != 0, "cr4 should not be 0");
• TEST_ASSERT(params->gdtr.base != 0, "gdt base address should not be 0");

Do we also need to check idtr.base?

+}

+static void load_td_boot_parameters(struct td_boot_parameters *params,

• 		struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, void *guest_code)
  

+{

• struct kvm_sregs sregs;
• /* Assemble parameters in sregs */
• memset(&sregs, 0, sizeof(struct kvm_sregs));
• vcpu_setup_mode_sregs(vcpu->vm, &sregs);
• tdx_apply_cr4_restrictions(&sregs);
• kvm_setup_idt(vcpu->vm, &sregs.idt);
• if (!params->cr0)

• load_td_common_parameters(params, &sregs);
  

• load_td_per_vcpu_parameters(params, &sregs, vcpu, guest_code);

+}

+/**

• • Adds a vCPU to a TD (Trusted Domain) with minimum defaults. It will not set
• • up any general purpose registers as they will be initialized by the TDX. In
• • TDX, vCPUs RIP is set to 0xFFFFFFF0. See Intel TDX EAS Section "Initial State
• • of Guest GPRs" for more information on vCPUs initial register values when
• • entering the TD first time.
• • Input Args:
• • vm - Virtual Machine
• • vcpuid - The id of the VCPU to add to the VM.
• */

+struct kvm_vcpu *td_vcpu_add(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t vcpu_id, void *guest_code) +{

• struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu;
• /*

• * TD setup will not use the value of rip set in vm_vcpu_add anyway, so
  

• * NULL can be used for guest_code.
  

• */
  

• vcpu = vm_vcpu_add(vm, vcpu_id, NULL);
• tdx_td_vcpu_init(vcpu);
• load_td_boot_parameters(addr_gpa2hva(vm, TD_BOOT_PARAMETERS_GPA),

• 		vcpu, guest_code);
  

• return vcpu;

+}

+/**

• • Iterate over set ranges within sparsebit @s. In each iteration,
• • @range_begin and @range_end will take the beginning and end of the set range,
• • which are of type sparsebit_idx_t.
• • For example, if the range [3, 7] (inclusive) is set, within the iteration,
• • @range_begin will take the value 3 and @range_end will take the value 7.
• • Ensure that there is at least one bit set before using this macro with
• • sparsebit_any_set(), because sparsebit_first_set() will abort if none are
• • set.
• */

+#define sparsebit_for_each_set_range(s, range_begin, range_end) \

• for (range_begin = sparsebit_first_set(s), \

•      range_end = sparsebit_next_clear(s, range_begin) - 1; \
  

•     range_begin && range_end;					\
  

•     range_begin = sparsebit_next_set(s, range_end),		\
  

•      range_end = sparsebit_next_clear(s, range_begin) - 1)
  

+/*

• • sparsebit_next_clear() can return 0 if [x, 2**64-1] are all set, and the -1
• • would then cause an underflow back to 2**64 - 1. This is expected and
• • correct.
• • If the last range in the sparsebit is [x, y] and we try to iterate,
• • sparsebit_next_set() will return 0, and sparsebit_next_clear() will try and
• • find the first range, but that's correct because the condition expression
• • would cause us to quit the loop.
• */

Since both sev and tdx need sparsebit_for_each_set_range(), can it be moved to a header file to avoid code duplication?

+static void load_td_memory_region(struct kvm_vm *vm,

• 		  struct userspace_mem_region *region)
  

+{

• const struct sparsebit *pages = region->protected_phy_pages;
• const uint64_t hva_base = region->region.userspace_addr;
• const vm_paddr_t gpa_base = region->region.guest_phys_addr;
• const sparsebit_idx_t lowest_page_in_region = gpa_base >>

• 				      vm->page_shift;
  

• sparsebit_idx_t i;
• sparsebit_idx_t j;
• if (!sparsebit_any_set(pages))

• return;
  

• sparsebit_for_each_set_range(pages, i, j) {

• const uint64_t size_to_load = (j - i + 1) * vm->page_size;
  

• const uint64_t offset =
  

• 	(i - lowest_page_in_region) * vm->page_size;
  

• const uint64_t hva = hva_base + offset;
  

• const uint64_t gpa = gpa_base + offset;
  

• void *source_addr;
  

• /*
  

•  * KVM_TDX_INIT_MEM_REGION ioctl cannot encrypt memory in place,
  

•  * hence we have to make a copy if there's only one backing
  

•  * memory source
  

•  */
  

• source_addr = mmap(NULL, size_to_load, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
  

• 		   MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
  

• TEST_ASSERT(
  

• 	source_addr,
  

• 	"Could not allocate memory for loading memory region");
  

• memcpy(source_addr, (void *)hva, size_to_load);
  

• tdx_init_mem_region(vm, source_addr, gpa, size_to_load);
  

• munmap(source_addr, size_to_load);
  

• }

+}

+static void load_td_private_memory(struct kvm_vm *vm) +{

• int ctr;
• struct userspace_mem_region *region;
• hash_for_each(vm->regions.slot_hash, ctr, region, slot_node) {

• load_td_memory_region(vm, region);
  

• }

+}

+struct kvm_vm *td_create(void) +{

• struct vm_shape shape;
• shape.mode = VM_MODE_DEFAULT;
• shape.type = KVM_X86_TDX_VM;
• return ____vm_create(shape);

+}

+static void td_setup_boot_code(struct kvm_vm *vm, enum vm_mem_backing_src_type src_type) +{

• vm_vaddr_t addr;
• size_t boot_code_allocation = round_up(TD_BOOT_CODE_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE);
• vm_paddr_t boot_code_base_gpa = FOUR_GIGABYTES_GPA - boot_code_allocation;
• size_t npages = DIV_ROUND_UP(boot_code_allocation, PAGE_SIZE);
• vm_userspace_mem_region_add(vm, src_type, boot_code_base_gpa, 1, npages,

• 		    KVM_MEM_PRIVATE);
  

• addr = vm_vaddr_alloc_1to1(vm, boot_code_allocation, boot_code_base_gpa, 1);
• TEST_ASSERT_EQ(addr, boot_code_base_gpa);
• load_td_boot_code(vm);

+}

+static size_t td_boot_parameters_size(void) +{

• int max_vcpus = kvm_check_cap(KVM_CAP_MAX_VCPUS);
• size_t total_per_vcpu_parameters_size =

• max_vcpus * sizeof(struct td_per_vcpu_parameters);
  

• return sizeof(struct td_boot_parameters) + total_per_vcpu_parameters_size;

+}

+static void td_setup_boot_parameters(struct kvm_vm *vm, enum vm_mem_backing_src_type src_type) +{

• vm_vaddr_t addr;
• size_t boot_params_size = td_boot_parameters_size();
• int npages = DIV_ROUND_UP(boot_params_size, PAGE_SIZE);
• size_t total_size = npages * PAGE_SIZE;
• vm_userspace_mem_region_add(vm, src_type, TD_BOOT_PARAMETERS_GPA, 2,

• 		    npages, KVM_MEM_PRIVATE);
  

• addr = vm_vaddr_alloc_1to1(vm, total_size, TD_BOOT_PARAMETERS_GPA, 2);
• TEST_ASSERT_EQ(addr, TD_BOOT_PARAMETERS_GPA);

+}

+void td_initialize(struct kvm_vm *vm, enum vm_mem_backing_src_type src_type,

•    uint64_t attributes)
  

+{

• uint64_t nr_pages_required;
• tdx_enable_capabilities(vm);
• tdx_configure_memory_encryption(vm);
• tdx_td_init(vm, attributes);
• nr_pages_required = vm_nr_pages_required(VM_MODE_DEFAULT, 1, 0);
• /*

• * Add memory (add 0th memslot) for TD. This will be used to setup the
  

• * CPU (provide stack space for the CPU) and to load the elf file.
  

• */
  

• vm_userspace_mem_region_add(vm, src_type, 0, 0, nr_pages_required,

• 		    KVM_MEM_PRIVATE);
  

• kvm_vm_elf_load(vm, program_invocation_name);
• vm_init_descriptor_tables(vm);
• td_setup_boot_code(vm, src_type);
• td_setup_boot_parameters(vm, src_type);

+}

+void td_finalize(struct kvm_vm *vm) +{

• sync_exception_handlers_to_guest(vm);
• load_td_private_memory(vm);
• tdx_td_finalizemr(vm);

+}