From: Jakub Kicinski kuba@kernel.org

bpftrace is very useful for low level driver testing. perf or trace-cmd would also do for collecting data from tracepoints, but they require much more post-processing.

Add a wrapper for running bpftrace and sanitizing its output. bpftrace has JSON output, which is great, but it prints loose objects and in a slightly inconvenient format. We have to read the objects line by line, and while at it return them indexed by the map name.

Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski kuba@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Breno Leitao leitao@debian.org --- tools/testing/selftests/net/lib/py/utils.py | 33 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 33 insertions(+)

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/lib/py/utils.py b/tools/testing/selftests/net/lib/py/utils.py index 34470d65d871a..760ccf6fccccc 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/lib/py/utils.py +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/lib/py/utils.py @@ -185,6 +185,39 @@ def ethtool(args, json=None, ns=None, host=None): return tool('ethtool', args, json=json, ns=ns, host=host)

+def bpftrace(expr, json=None, ns=None, host=None, timeout=None): + """ + Run bpftrace and return map data (if json=True). + The output of bpftrace is inconvenient, so the helper converts + to a dict indexed by map name, e.g.: + { + "@": { ... }, + "@map2": { ... }, + } + """ + cmd_arr = ['bpftrace'] + # Throw in --quiet if json, otherwise the output has two objects + if json: + cmd_arr += ['-f', 'json', '-q'] + if timeout: + expr += ' interval:s:' + str(timeout) + ' { exit(); }' + cmd_arr += ['-e', expr] + cmd_obj = cmd(cmd_arr, ns=ns, host=host, shell=False) + if json: + # bpftrace prints objects as lines + ret = {} + for l in cmd_obj.stdout.split('\n'): + if not l.strip(): + continue + one = _json.loads(l) + if one.get('type') != 'map': + continue + for k, v in one["data"].items(): + ret[k] = v + return ret + return cmd_obj + + def rand_port(type=socket.SOCK_STREAM): """ Get a random unprivileged port.

Enhance the bpftrace function to raise an exception if the underlying bpftrace command returns a non-zero exit code. This helps detect and surface errors from bpftrace execution in test scripts, improving robustness and debugging capabilities.

Signed-off-by: Breno Leitao leitao@debian.org --- tools/testing/selftests/net/lib/py/utils.py | 3 +++ 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/lib/py/utils.py b/tools/testing/selftests/net/lib/py/utils.py index 760ccf6fccccc..c4e26567ee6fb 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/lib/py/utils.py +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/lib/py/utils.py @@ -203,6 +203,9 @@ def bpftrace(expr, json=None, ns=None, host=None, timeout=None): expr += ' interval:s:' + str(timeout) + ' { exit(); }' cmd_arr += ['-e', expr] cmd_obj = cmd(cmd_arr, ns=ns, host=host, shell=False) + if cmd_obj.ret != 0: + raise Exception("Warning: bpftrace command returned a non-zero exit code.") + if json: # bpftrace prints objects as lines ret = {}

The '@' prefix in bpftrace map keys is specific to bpftrace and can be safely removed when processing results. This patch modifies the bpftrace utility to strip the '@' from map keys before storing them in the result dictionary, making the keys more consistent with Python conventions.

Signed-off-by: Breno Leitao leitao@debian.org --- tools/testing/selftests/net/lib/py/utils.py | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/lib/py/utils.py b/tools/testing/selftests/net/lib/py/utils.py index c4e26567ee6fb..31d4d63621c5f 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/lib/py/utils.py +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/lib/py/utils.py @@ -216,6 +216,8 @@ def bpftrace(expr, json=None, ns=None, host=None, timeout=None): if one.get('type') != 'map': continue for k, v in one["data"].items(): + if k.startswith('@'): + k = k.lstrip('@') ret[k] = v return ret return cmd_obj

Add a basic selftest for the netpoll polling mechanism, specifically targeting the netpoll poll() side.

The test creates a scenario where network transmission is running at maximum speed, and netpoll needs to poll the NIC. This is achieved by:

1. Configuring a single RX/TX queue to create contention 2. Generating background traffic to saturate the interface 3. Sending netconsole messages to trigger netpoll polling 4. Using dynamic netconsole targets via configfs 5. Delete and create new netconsole targets after some messages 6. Start a bpftrace in parallel to make sure netpoll_poll_dev() is called 7. If bpftrace exists and netpoll_poll_dev() was called, stop.

The test validates a critical netpoll code path by monitoring traffic flow and ensuring netpoll_poll_dev() is called when the normal TX path is blocked.

This addresses a gap in netpoll test coverage for a path that is tricky for the network stack.

Signed-off-by: Breno Leitao leitao@debian.org --- tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/Makefile | 1 + .../testing/selftests/drivers/net/netpoll_basic.py | 344 +++++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 345 insertions(+)

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/Makefile index bd309b2d39095..9bd84d6b542e5 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/Makefile +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/Makefile @@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ TEST_PROGS := \ netcons_fragmented_msg.sh \ netcons_overflow.sh \ netcons_sysdata.sh \ + netpoll_basic.py \ ping.py \ queues.py \ stats.py \ diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/netpoll_basic.py b/tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/netpoll_basic.py new file mode 100755 index 0000000000000..dfb52d6793466 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/netpoll_basic.py @@ -0,0 +1,344 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python3 +# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 +# Author: Breno Leitao leitao@debian.org +""" + This test aims to evaluate the netpoll polling mechanism (as in + netpoll_poll_dev()). It presents a complex scenario where the network + attempts to send a packet but fails, prompting it to poll the NIC from within + the netpoll TX side. + + This has been a crucial path in netpoll that was previously untested. Jakub + suggested using a single RX/TX queue, pushing traffic to the NIC, and then + sending netpoll messages (via netconsole) to trigger the poll. + + In parallel, bpftrace is used to detect if netpoll_poll_dev() was called. If + so, the test passes, otherwise it will be skipped. This test is very dependent on + the driver and environment, given we are trying to trigger a tricky scenario. +""" + +import errno +import logging +import os +import random +import string +import threading +import time + +from lib.py import ( + bpftrace, + ethtool, + GenerateTraffic, + ksft_exit, + ksft_pr, + ksft_run, + KsftFailEx, + KsftSkipEx, + NetdevFamily, + NetDrvEpEnv, +) + +# Configure logging +logging.basicConfig( + level=logging.INFO, + format="%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s", +) + +NETCONSOLE_CONFIGFS_PATH: str = "/sys/kernel/config/netconsole" +NETCONS_REMOTE_PORT: int = 6666 +NETCONS_LOCAL_PORT: int = 1514 +# Max number of netcons messages to send. Each iteration will setup +# netconsole and send 10 messages +ITERATIONS: int = 20 +# MAPS contains the information coming from bpftrace +# it will have only one key: @hits, which tells the number of times +# netpoll_poll_dev() was called +MAPS: dict[str, int] = {} +# Thread to run bpftrace in parallel +BPF_THREAD: threading.Thread = None +# Time bpftrace will be running in parallel. +BPFTRACE_TIMEOUT: int = 15 + + +def ethtool_read_rx_tx_queue(interface_name: str) -> tuple[int, int]: + """ + Read the number of RX and TX queues using ethtool. This will be used + to restore it after the test + """ + try: + ethtool_result = ethtool(f"-g {interface_name}").stdout + for line in ethtool_result.splitlines(): + if line.startswith("RX:"): + rx_queue = int(line.split()[1]) + if line.startswith("TX:"): + tx_queue = int(line.split()[1]) + except IndexError as exception: + raise KsftSkipEx( + f"Failed to read RX/TX queues numbers: {exception}. Not going to mess with them." + ) from exception + + return rx_queue, tx_queue + + +def ethtool_set_rx_tx_queue(interface_name: str, rx_val: int, tx_val: int) -> None: + """Set the number of RX and TX queues to 1 using ethtool""" + try: + # This don't need to be reverted, since interfaces will be deleted after test + ethtool(f"-G {interface_name} rx {rx_val} tx {tx_val}") + except Exception as exception: + raise KsftSkipEx( + f"Failed to configure RX/TX queues: {exception}. Ethtool not available?" + ) from exception + + +def netcons_generate_random_target_name() -> str: + """Generate a random target name starting with 'netcons'""" + random_suffix = "".join(random.choices(string.ascii_lowercase + string.digits, k=8)) + return f"netcons_{random_suffix}" + + +def netcons_create_target( + config_data: dict[str, str], + target_name: str, +) -> None: + """Create a netconsole dynamic target against the interfaces""" + logging.debug("Using netconsole name: %s", target_name) + try: + os.makedirs(f"{NETCONSOLE_CONFIGFS_PATH}/{target_name}", exist_ok=True) + logging.debug( + "Created target directory: %s/%s", NETCONSOLE_CONFIGFS_PATH, target_name + ) + except OSError as exception: + if exception.errno != errno.EEXIST: + raise KsftFailEx( + f"Failed to create netconsole target directory: {exception}" + ) from exception + + try: + for key, value in config_data.items(): + path = f"{NETCONSOLE_CONFIGFS_PATH}/{target_name}/{key}" + logging.debug("Writing %s to %s", key, path) + with open(path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as file: + # Always convert to string to write to file + file.write(str(value)) + file.close() + + # Read all configuration values for debugging purposes + for debug_key in config_data.keys(): + with open( + f"{NETCONSOLE_CONFIGFS_PATH}/{target_name}/{debug_key}", + "r", + encoding="utf-8", + ) as file: + content = file.read() + logging.debug( + "%s/%s/%s : %s", + NETCONSOLE_CONFIGFS_PATH, + target_name, + debug_key, + content, + ) + + except Exception as exception: + raise KsftFailEx( + f"Failed to configure netconsole target: {exception}" + ) from exception + + +def netcons_configure_target( + cfg: NetDrvEpEnv, interface_name: str, target_name: str +) -> None: + """Configure netconsole on the interface with the given target name""" + config_data = { + "extended": "1", + "dev_name": interface_name, + "local_port": NETCONS_LOCAL_PORT, + "remote_port": NETCONS_REMOTE_PORT, + "local_ip": cfg.addr_v["4"] if cfg.addr_ipver == "4" else cfg.addr_v["6"], + "remote_ip": ( + cfg.remote_addr_v["4"] if cfg.addr_ipver == "4" else cfg.remote_addr_v["6"] + ), + "remote_mac": "00:00:00:00:00:00", # Not important for this test + "enabled": "1", + } + + netcons_create_target(config_data, target_name) + logging.debug( + "Created netconsole target: %s on interface %s", target_name, interface_name + ) + + +def netcons_delete_target(name: str) -> None: + """Delete a netconsole dynamic target""" + target_path = f"{NETCONSOLE_CONFIGFS_PATH}/{name}" + try: + if os.path.exists(target_path): + os.rmdir(target_path) + except OSError as exception: + raise KsftFailEx( + f"Failed to delete netconsole target: {exception}" + ) from exception + + +def netcons_load_module() -> None: + """Try to load the netconsole module""" + os.system("modprobe netconsole") + + +def bpftrace_call() -> None: + """Call bpftrace to find how many times netpoll_poll_dev() is called. + Output is saved in the global variable `maps`""" + + # This is going to update the global variable, that will be seen by the + # main function + global MAPS # pylint: disable=W0603 + + # This will be passed to bpftrace as in bpftrace -e "expr" + expr = "BEGIN{ @hits = 0;} kprobe:netpoll_poll_dev { @hits += 1; }" + + MAPS = bpftrace(expr, timeout=BPFTRACE_TIMEOUT, json=True) + logging.debug("BPFtrace output: %s", MAPS) + + +def bpftrace_start(): + """Start a thread to call `call_bpf` in parallel for 2 seconds.""" + global BPF_THREAD # pylint: disable=W0603 + + BPF_THREAD = threading.Thread(target=bpftrace_call) + BPF_THREAD.start() + if not BPF_THREAD.is_alive(): + raise KsftSkipEx("BPFtrace thread is not alive. Skipping test") + + +def bpftrace_stop() -> None: + """Stop the bpftrace thread""" + if BPF_THREAD: + BPF_THREAD.join() + + +def bpftrace_any_hit(join: bool) -> bool: + """Check if netpoll_poll_dev() was called by checking the global variable `maps`""" + if BPF_THREAD.is_alive(): + if join: + # Wait for bpftrace to finish + BPF_THREAD.join() + else: + # bpftrace is still running, so, we will not check the result yet + return False + + logging.debug("MAPS coming from bpftrace = %s", MAPS) + if "hits" not in MAPS.keys(): + raise KsftFailEx(f"bpftrace failed to run!?: {MAPS}") + + return MAPS["hits"] > 0 + + +def do_netpoll_flush_monitored( + cfg: NetDrvEpEnv, netdevnl: NetdevFamily, ifname: str, target_name: str +) -> None: + """Print messages to the console, trying to trigger a netpoll poll""" + # Start bpftrace in parallel, so, it is watching + # netpoll_poll_dev() while we are sending netconsole messages + bpftrace_start() + + do_netpoll_flush(cfg, netdevnl, ifname, target_name) + + if bpftrace_any_hit(join=True): + ksft_pr("netpoll_poll_dev() was called. Success") + return + + raise KsftSkipEx("netpoll_poll_dev() was not called. Skipping test") + + +def do_netpoll_flush( + cfg: NetDrvEpEnv, netdevnl: NetdevFamily, ifname: str, target_name: str +) -> None: + """Print messages to the console, trying to trigger a netpoll poll""" + netcons_configure_target(cfg, ifname, target_name) + retry = 0 + + for i in range(int(ITERATIONS)): + msg = f"netcons test #{i}" + + with open("/dev/kmsg", "w", encoding="utf-8") as kmsg: + for j in range(10): + try: + kmsg.write(f"{msg}-{j}\n") + except OSError as exception: + # in some cases, kmsg can be busy, so, we will retry + time.sleep(1) + retry += 1 + if retry < 5: + logging.info("Failed to write to kmsg. Retrying") + # Just retry a few times + continue + raise KsftFailEx( + f"Failed to write to kmsg: {exception}" + ) from exception + + if bpftrace_any_hit(join=False): + # Check if netpoll_poll_dev() was called, but do not wait for it + # to finish. + ksft_pr("netpoll_poll_dev() was called. Success") + return + + # Every 5 iterations, toggle netconsole + netcons_delete_target(target_name) + netcons_configure_target(cfg, ifname, target_name) + # If we sleep here, we will have a better chance of triggering + # This number is based on a few tests I ran while developing this test + time.sleep(0.4) + + +def test_netpoll(cfg: NetDrvEpEnv, netdevnl: NetdevFamily) -> None: + """ + Test netpoll by sending traffic to the interface and then sending + netconsole messages to trigger a poll + """ + + target_name = netcons_generate_random_target_name() + ifname = cfg.dev["ifname"] + traffic = None + original_queues = ethtool_read_rx_tx_queue(ifname) + + try: + # Set RX/TX queues to 1 to force congestion + ethtool_set_rx_tx_queue(ifname, 1, 1) + + traffic = GenerateTraffic(cfg) + do_netpoll_flush_monitored(cfg, netdevnl, ifname, target_name) + finally: + if traffic: + traffic.stop() + + # Revert RX/TX queues + ethtool_set_rx_tx_queue(ifname, original_queues[0], original_queues[1]) + netcons_delete_target(target_name) + bpftrace_stop() + + +def test_check_dependencies() -> None: + """Check if the dependencies are met""" + if not os.path.exists(NETCONSOLE_CONFIGFS_PATH): + raise KsftSkipEx( + f"Directory {NETCONSOLE_CONFIGFS_PATH} does not exist. CONFIG_NETCONSOLE_DYNAMIC might not be set." + ) + + +def main() -> None: + """Main function to run the test""" + netcons_load_module() + test_check_dependencies() + netdevnl = NetdevFamily() + with NetDrvEpEnv(__file__, nsim_test=True) as cfg: + ksft_run( + [test_netpoll], + args=( + cfg, + netdevnl, + ), + ) + ksft_exit() + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + main()