Hi,
This series adds initial KVM selftests support for powerpc (64-bit, BookS). It spans 3 maintainers but it does not really affect arch/powerpc, and it is well contained in selftests code, just touches some makefiles and a tiny bit headers so conflicts should be unlikely and trivial.
Hey Paolo and KVM group, if you didn't take the v1 series yet, could you please take this instead. Otherwise I can send an incremental fixup.
Since v1: - r2 (TOC) was not being set for guest code - MSR[VSX] was not being set for guest code - Proper guest interrupt handling instead of quick hack that just made a ucall out to host. - Adjust subject to better match kvm selftests convention.
Thanks, Nick
Nicholas Piggin (2): KVM: PPC: selftests: implement support for powerpc KVM: PPC: selftests: basic sanity tests
tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile | 15 + .../selftests/kvm/include/kvm_util_base.h | 13 + .../selftests/kvm/include/powerpc/hcall.h | 22 + .../selftests/kvm/include/powerpc/ppc_asm.h | 17 + .../selftests/kvm/include/powerpc/processor.h | 32 ++ tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/kvm_util.c | 10 + .../selftests/kvm/lib/powerpc/handlers.S | 96 ++++ .../testing/selftests/kvm/lib/powerpc/hcall.c | 45 ++ .../selftests/kvm/lib/powerpc/processor.c | 411 ++++++++++++++++++ .../testing/selftests/kvm/lib/powerpc/ucall.c | 30 ++ tools/testing/selftests/kvm/powerpc/helpers.h | 46 ++ .../testing/selftests/kvm/powerpc/null_test.c | 166 +++++++ .../selftests/kvm/powerpc/rtas_hcall.c | 146 +++++++ 13 files changed, 1049 insertions(+) create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/powerpc/hcall.h create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/powerpc/ppc_asm.h create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/powerpc/processor.h create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/powerpc/handlers.S create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/powerpc/hcall.c create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/powerpc/processor.c create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/powerpc/ucall.c create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/powerpc/helpers.h create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/powerpc/null_test.c create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/powerpc/rtas_hcall.c
Implement KVM selftests support for powerpc (Book3S-64).
ucalls are implemented with an unsuppored PAPR hcall number which causes KVM to exit to userspace.
Virtual memory is only implemented for 64K page size and the radix MMU, and only the base page size is supported for now.
Guest interrupt handlers run in real-mode so require a real-mode page at gRA 0 and require a bit of juggling around because gVA:gRA is not 1:1 mapped like the kernel has, so we can't just switch MMU on and off.
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin npiggin@gmail.com --- tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile | 13 + .../selftests/kvm/include/kvm_util_base.h | 13 + .../selftests/kvm/include/powerpc/hcall.h | 20 + .../selftests/kvm/include/powerpc/ppc_asm.h | 17 + .../selftests/kvm/include/powerpc/processor.h | 32 ++ tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/kvm_util.c | 10 + .../selftests/kvm/lib/powerpc/handlers.S | 96 ++++ .../testing/selftests/kvm/lib/powerpc/hcall.c | 45 ++ .../selftests/kvm/lib/powerpc/processor.c | 411 ++++++++++++++++++ .../testing/selftests/kvm/lib/powerpc/ucall.c | 30 ++ tools/testing/selftests/kvm/powerpc/helpers.h | 46 ++ 11 files changed, 733 insertions(+) create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/powerpc/hcall.h create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/powerpc/ppc_asm.h create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/powerpc/processor.h create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/powerpc/handlers.S create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/powerpc/hcall.c create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/powerpc/processor.c create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/powerpc/ucall.c create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/powerpc/helpers.h
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile index 84a627c43795..908602a9f513 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile @@ -55,6 +55,11 @@ LIBKVM_s390x += lib/s390x/ucall.c LIBKVM_riscv += lib/riscv/processor.c LIBKVM_riscv += lib/riscv/ucall.c
+LIBKVM_powerpc += lib/powerpc/handlers.S +LIBKVM_powerpc += lib/powerpc/processor.c +LIBKVM_powerpc += lib/powerpc/ucall.c +LIBKVM_powerpc += lib/powerpc/hcall.c + # Non-compiled test targets TEST_PROGS_x86_64 += x86_64/nx_huge_pages_test.sh
@@ -176,6 +181,14 @@ TEST_GEN_PROGS_riscv += kvm_page_table_test TEST_GEN_PROGS_riscv += set_memory_region_test TEST_GEN_PROGS_riscv += kvm_binary_stats_test
+TEST_GEN_PROGS_powerpc += demand_paging_test +TEST_GEN_PROGS_powerpc += dirty_log_test +TEST_GEN_PROGS_powerpc += kvm_create_max_vcpus +TEST_GEN_PROGS_powerpc += kvm_page_table_test +TEST_GEN_PROGS_powerpc += rseq_test +TEST_GEN_PROGS_powerpc += set_memory_region_test +TEST_GEN_PROGS_powerpc += kvm_binary_stats_test + TEST_PROGS += $(TEST_PROGS_$(ARCH_DIR)) TEST_GEN_PROGS += $(TEST_GEN_PROGS_$(ARCH_DIR)) TEST_GEN_PROGS_EXTENDED += $(TEST_GEN_PROGS_EXTENDED_$(ARCH_DIR)) diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/kvm_util_base.h b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/kvm_util_base.h index fbc2a79369b8..f6807aea634f 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/kvm_util_base.h +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/kvm_util_base.h @@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ struct kvm_vm { bool pgd_created; vm_paddr_t ucall_mmio_addr; vm_paddr_t pgd; + vm_paddr_t prtb; // powerpc process table vm_vaddr_t gdt; vm_vaddr_t tss; vm_vaddr_t idt; @@ -160,6 +161,7 @@ enum vm_guest_mode { VM_MODE_PXXV48_4K, /* For 48bits VA but ANY bits PA */ VM_MODE_P47V64_4K, VM_MODE_P44V64_4K, + VM_MODE_P52V52_64K, VM_MODE_P36V48_4K, VM_MODE_P36V48_16K, VM_MODE_P36V48_64K, @@ -197,6 +199,17 @@ extern enum vm_guest_mode vm_mode_default; #define MIN_PAGE_SHIFT 12U #define ptes_per_page(page_size) ((page_size) / 8)
+#elif defined(__powerpc64__) + +/* Radix guest EA and RA are 52-bit on POWER9 and POWER10 */ +#define VM_MODE_DEFAULT VM_MODE_P52V52_64K +#define MIN_PAGE_SHIFT 12U /// XXX: hack to allocate more page table memory because we aren't allocating page tables well on 64K base page size +#define ptes_per_page(page_size) ((page_size) / 8) + +#else + +#error "KVM selftests not implemented for architecture" + #endif
#define MIN_PAGE_SIZE (1U << MIN_PAGE_SHIFT) diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/powerpc/hcall.h b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/powerpc/hcall.h new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..4eb9ad635402 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/powerpc/hcall.h @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */ +/* + * powerpc hcall defines + */ +#ifndef SELFTEST_KVM_HCALL_H +#define SELFTEST_KVM_HCALL_H + +#include <linux/compiler.h> + +/* Ucalls use unimplemented PAPR hcall 0 which exits KVM */ +#define H_UCALL 0 +#define UCALL_R4_UCALL 0x5715 // regular ucall, r5 contains ucall pointer +#define UCALL_R4_EXCPT 0x1b0f // other exception, r5 contains vector, r6,7 SRRs +#define UCALL_R4_SIMPLE 0x0000 // simple exit usable by asm with no ucall data + +int64_t hcall0(uint64_t token); +int64_t hcall1(uint64_t token, uint64_t arg1); +int64_t hcall2(uint64_t token, uint64_t arg1, uint64_t arg2); + +#endif diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/powerpc/ppc_asm.h b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/powerpc/ppc_asm.h new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..f6ba8db6a19e --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/powerpc/ppc_asm.h @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */ +/* + * powerpc asm specific defines + */ +#ifndef SELFTEST_KVM_PPC_ASM_H +#define SELFTEST_KVM_PPC_ASM_H + +#define STACK_FRAME_MIN_SIZE 112 /* Could be 32 on ELFv2 */ +#define STACK_REDZONE_SIZE 512 + +#define INT_FRAME_SIZE (STACK_FRAME_MIN_SIZE + STACK_REDZONE_SIZE) + +#define SPR_SRR0 0x1a +#define SPR_SRR1 0x1b +#define SPR_CFAR 0x1c + +#endif diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/powerpc/processor.h b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/powerpc/processor.h new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..804982d390b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/powerpc/processor.h @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */ +/* + * powerpc processor specific defines + */ +#ifndef SELFTEST_KVM_PROCESSOR_H +#define SELFTEST_KVM_PROCESSOR_H + +#include <linux/compiler.h> + +extern unsigned char __interrupts_start[]; +extern unsigned char __interrupts_end[]; + +struct kvm_vm; +struct kvm_vcpu; +extern bool (*interrupt_handler)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, unsigned trap); + +struct ex_regs { + uint64_t gprs[32]; + uint64_t nia; + uint64_t msr; + uint64_t cfar; + uint64_t lr; + uint64_t ctr; + uint64_t xer; + uint32_t cr; + uint32_t trap; + uint64_t vaddr; /* vaddr of this struct */ +}; + +void vm_install_exception_handler(struct kvm_vm *vm, int vector, + void (*handler)(struct ex_regs *)); +#endif diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/kvm_util.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/kvm_util.c index 3ea24a5f4c43..28ece960a0bb 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/kvm_util.c +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/kvm_util.c @@ -153,6 +153,7 @@ const char *vm_guest_mode_string(uint32_t i) [VM_MODE_PXXV48_4K] = "PA-bits:ANY, VA-bits:48, 4K pages", [VM_MODE_P47V64_4K] = "PA-bits:47, VA-bits:64, 4K pages", [VM_MODE_P44V64_4K] = "PA-bits:44, VA-bits:64, 4K pages", + [VM_MODE_P52V52_64K] = "PA-bits:52, VA-bits:52, 64K pages", [VM_MODE_P36V48_4K] = "PA-bits:36, VA-bits:48, 4K pages", [VM_MODE_P36V48_16K] = "PA-bits:36, VA-bits:48, 16K pages", [VM_MODE_P36V48_64K] = "PA-bits:36, VA-bits:48, 64K pages", @@ -178,6 +179,7 @@ const struct vm_guest_mode_params vm_guest_mode_params[] = { [VM_MODE_PXXV48_4K] = { 0, 0, 0x1000, 12 }, [VM_MODE_P47V64_4K] = { 47, 64, 0x1000, 12 }, [VM_MODE_P44V64_4K] = { 44, 64, 0x1000, 12 }, + [VM_MODE_P52V52_64K] = { 52, 52, 0x10000, 16 }, [VM_MODE_P36V48_4K] = { 36, 48, 0x1000, 12 }, [VM_MODE_P36V48_16K] = { 36, 48, 0x4000, 14 }, [VM_MODE_P36V48_64K] = { 36, 48, 0x10000, 16 }, @@ -279,6 +281,14 @@ struct kvm_vm *____vm_create(enum vm_guest_mode mode) case VM_MODE_P44V64_4K: vm->pgtable_levels = 5; break; + case VM_MODE_P52V52_64K: +#ifdef __powerpc__ + TEST_ASSERT(getpagesize() == 64*1024, + "KVM selftests requires 64K host page size\n"); + + vm->pgtable_levels = 4; +#endif + break; default: TEST_FAIL("Unknown guest mode, mode: 0x%x", mode); } diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/powerpc/handlers.S b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/powerpc/handlers.S new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..6fdcc12285e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/powerpc/handlers.S @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */ + +#include <ppc_asm.h> + +.macro INTERRUPT vec +. = __interrupts_start + \vec + std %r0,(0*8)(%r13) + std %r3,(3*8)(%r13) + mfspr %r0,SPR_CFAR + li %r3,\vec + b handle_interrupt +.endm + +.balign 0x1000 +.global __interrupts_start +__interrupts_start: +INTERRUPT 0x100 +INTERRUPT 0x200 +INTERRUPT 0x300 +INTERRUPT 0x380 +INTERRUPT 0x400 +INTERRUPT 0x480 +INTERRUPT 0x500 +INTERRUPT 0x600 +INTERRUPT 0x700 +INTERRUPT 0x800 +INTERRUPT 0x900 +INTERRUPT 0xa00 +INTERRUPT 0xc00 +INTERRUPT 0xd00 +INTERRUPT 0xf00 +INTERRUPT 0xf20 +INTERRUPT 0xf40 +INTERRUPT 0xf60 + +#define MSR_DR 0x10 +#define MSR_IR 0x20 + +virt_handle_interrupt: + stdu %r1,-INT_FRAME_SIZE(%r1) + mr %r3,%r31 + bl route_interrupt + ld %r4,(32*8)(%r31) /* NIA */ + ld %r5,(33*8)(%r31) /* MSR */ + ld %r6,(35*8)(%r31) /* LR */ + ld %r7,(36*8)(%r31) /* CTR */ + ld %r8,(37*8)(%r31) /* XER */ + lwz %r9,(38*8)(%r31) /* CR */ + mtspr SPR_SRR0,%r4 + mtspr SPR_SRR1,%r5 + mtlr %r6 + mtctr %r7 + mtxer %r8 + mtcr %r9 +reg=4 + ld %r0,(0*8)(%r31) + ld %r3,(3*8)(%r31) +.rept 28 + ld reg,(reg*8)(%r31) + reg=reg+1 +.endr + addi %r1,%r1,INT_FRAME_SIZE + rfid + +virt_handle_interrupt_p: + .llong virt_handle_interrupt + +handle_interrupt: +reg=4 +.rept 28 + std reg,(reg*8)(%r13) + reg=reg+1 +.endr + mfspr %r4,SPR_SRR0 + mfspr %r5,SPR_SRR1 + mflr %r6 + mfctr %r7 + mfxer %r8 + mfcr %r9 + std %r4,(32*8)(%r13) /* NIA */ + std %r5,(33*8)(%r13) /* MSR */ + std %r0,(34*8)(%r13) /* CFAR */ + std %r6,(35*8)(%r13) /* LR */ + std %r7,(36*8)(%r13) /* CTR */ + std %r8,(37*8)(%r13) /* XER */ + stw %r9,(38*8)(%r13) /* CR */ + stw %r3,(38*8 + 4)(%r13) /* TRAP */ + + ld %r31,(39*8)(%r13) /* vaddr */ + ld %r4,virt_handle_interrupt_p - __interrupts_start(0) + mtspr SPR_SRR0,%r4 + /* Reuse SRR1 */ + + rfid +.global __interrupts_end +__interrupts_end: diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/powerpc/hcall.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/powerpc/hcall.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..23a56aabad42 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/powerpc/hcall.c @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 +/* + * PAPR (pseries) hcall support. + */ +#include "kvm_util.h" +#include "hcall.h" + +int64_t hcall0(uint64_t token) +{ + register uintptr_t r3 asm ("r3") = token; + + asm volatile("sc 1" : "+r"(r3) : + : "r0", "r4", "r5", "r6", "r7", "r8", "r9", + "r10","r11", "r12", "ctr", "xer", + "memory"); + + return r3; +} + +int64_t hcall1(uint64_t token, uint64_t arg1) +{ + register uintptr_t r3 asm ("r3") = token; + register uintptr_t r4 asm ("r4") = arg1; + + asm volatile("sc 1" : "+r"(r3), "+r"(r4) : + : "r0", "r5", "r6", "r7", "r8", "r9", + "r10","r11", "r12", "ctr", "xer", + "memory"); + + return r3; +} + +int64_t hcall2(uint64_t token, uint64_t arg1, uint64_t arg2) +{ + register uintptr_t r3 asm ("r3") = token; + register uintptr_t r4 asm ("r4") = arg1; + register uintptr_t r5 asm ("r5") = arg2; + + asm volatile("sc 1" : "+r"(r3), "+r"(r4), "+r"(r5) : + : "r0", "r6", "r7", "r8", "r9", + "r10","r11", "r12", "ctr", "xer", + "memory"); + + return r3; +} diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/powerpc/processor.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/powerpc/processor.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..9e26798e8373 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/powerpc/processor.c @@ -0,0 +1,411 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only +/* + * KVM selftest powerpc library code - CPU-related functions (page tables...) + */ + +#include "processor.h" +#include "kvm_util.h" +#include "kvm_util_base.h" +#include "hcall.h" + +#define RTS ((0x2UL << 61) | (0x5UL << 5)) // 52-bits +#define RADIX_PGD_INDEX_SIZE 13 + +static void set_proc_table(struct kvm_vm *vm, int pid, uint64_t dw0, uint64_t dw1) +{ + uint64_t *proc_table; + + proc_table = addr_gpa2hva(vm, vm->prtb); + proc_table[pid * 2 + 0] = cpu_to_be64(dw0); + proc_table[pid * 2 + 1] = cpu_to_be64(dw1); +} + +static void set_radix_proc_table(struct kvm_vm *vm, int pid, vm_paddr_t pgd) +{ + set_proc_table(vm, pid, (pgd | RTS | RADIX_PGD_INDEX_SIZE), 0); +} + +void virt_arch_pgd_alloc(struct kvm_vm *vm) +{ + struct kvm_ppc_mmuv3_cfg mmu_cfg; + vm_paddr_t prtb, pgtb; + uint64_t *proc_table, *page_table; + size_t pgd_pages; + + TEST_ASSERT(vm->mode == VM_MODE_P52V52_64K, "Attempt to use " + "unknown or unsupported guest mode, mode: 0x%x", vm->mode); + + /* If needed, create page table */ + if (vm->pgd_created) + return; + + prtb = vm_phy_page_alloc(vm, KVM_GUEST_PAGE_TABLE_MIN_PADDR, + vm->memslots[MEM_REGION_PT]); + proc_table = addr_gpa2hva(vm, prtb); + memset(proc_table, 0, vm->page_size); + vm->prtb = prtb; + + pgd_pages = 1UL << ((RADIX_PGD_INDEX_SIZE + 3) >> vm->page_shift); + TEST_ASSERT(pgd_pages == 1, "PGD allocation must be single page"); + pgtb = vm_phy_page_alloc(vm, KVM_GUEST_PAGE_TABLE_MIN_PADDR, + vm->memslots[MEM_REGION_PT]); + page_table = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pgtb); + memset(page_table, 0, vm->page_size * pgd_pages); + vm->pgd = pgtb; + + /* Set the base page directory in the proc table */ + set_radix_proc_table(vm, 0, pgtb); + + mmu_cfg.process_table = prtb | 0x8000000000000000UL | 0x4; // 64K size + mmu_cfg.flags = KVM_PPC_MMUV3_RADIX | KVM_PPC_MMUV3_GTSE; + + vm_ioctl(vm, KVM_PPC_CONFIGURE_V3_MMU, &mmu_cfg); + + vm->pgd_created = true; +} + +static int pt_shift(struct kvm_vm *vm, int level) +{ + switch (level) { + case 1: + return 13; + case 2: + case 3: + return 9; + case 4: + return 5; + default: + TEST_ASSERT(false, "Invalid page table level %d\n", level); + return 0; + } +} + +static uint64_t pt_entry_coverage(struct kvm_vm *vm, int level) +{ + uint64_t size = vm->page_size; + + if (level == 4) + return size; + size <<= pt_shift(vm, 4); + if (level == 3) + return size; + size <<= pt_shift(vm, 3); + if (level == 2) + return size; + size <<= pt_shift(vm, 2); + return size; +} + +static int pt_idx(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint64_t vaddr, int level, uint64_t *nls) +{ + switch (level) { + case 1: + *nls = 0x9; + return (vaddr >> 39) & 0x1fff; + case 2: + *nls = 0x9; + return (vaddr >> 30) & 0x1ff; + case 3: +// 4K *nls = 0x9; + *nls = 0x5; + return (vaddr >> 21) & 0x1ff; + case 4: +// 4K return (vaddr >> 12) & 0x1ff; + return (vaddr >> 16) & 0x1f; + default: + TEST_ASSERT(false, "Invalid page table level %d\n", level); + return 0; + } +} + +static uint64_t *virt_get_pte(struct kvm_vm *vm, vm_paddr_t pt, + uint64_t vaddr, int level, uint64_t *nls) +{ + uint64_t *page_table = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pt); + int idx = pt_idx(vm, vaddr, level, nls); + + return &page_table[idx]; +} + +#define PTE_VALID 0x8000000000000000ull +#define PTE_LEAF 0x4000000000000000ull +#define PTE_REFERENCED 0x0000000000000100ull +#define PTE_CHANGED 0x0000000000000080ull +#define PTE_PRIV 0x0000000000000008ull +#define PTE_READ 0x0000000000000004ull +#define PTE_RW 0x0000000000000002ull +#define PTE_EXEC 0x0000000000000001ull +#define PTE_PAGE_MASK 0x01fffffffffff000ull + +#define PDE_VALID PTE_VALID +#define PDE_NLS 0x0000000000000011ull +#define PDE_PT_MASK 0x0fffffffffffff00ull + +void virt_arch_pg_map(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint64_t gva, uint64_t gpa) +{ + vm_paddr_t pt = vm->pgd; + uint64_t *ptep, pte; + int level; + + for (level = 1; level <= 3; level++) { + uint64_t nls; + uint64_t *pdep = virt_get_pte(vm, pt, gva, level, &nls); + uint64_t pde = be64_to_cpu(*pdep); + uint64_t *page_table; + + if (pde) { + TEST_ASSERT((pde & PDE_VALID) && !(pde & PTE_LEAF), + "Invalid PDE at level: %u gva: 0x%lx pde:0x%lx\n", + level, gva, pde); + pt = pde & PDE_PT_MASK; + continue; + } + + // XXX: 64K geometry does not require full pages! + pt = vm_phy_page_alloc(vm, + KVM_GUEST_PAGE_TABLE_MIN_PADDR, + vm->memslots[MEM_REGION_PT]); + page_table = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pt); + memset(page_table, 0, vm->page_size); + pde = PDE_VALID | nls | pt; + *pdep = cpu_to_be64(pde); + } + + ptep = virt_get_pte(vm, pt, gva, level, NULL); + pte = be64_to_cpu(*ptep); + + TEST_ASSERT(!pte, + "PTE already present at level: %u gva: 0x%lx pte:0x%lx\n", + level, gva, pte); + + pte = PTE_VALID | PTE_LEAF | PTE_REFERENCED | PTE_CHANGED | PTE_PRIV | PTE_READ | PTE_RW | PTE_EXEC | (gpa & PTE_PAGE_MASK); + *ptep = cpu_to_be64(pte); +} + +vm_paddr_t addr_arch_gva2gpa(struct kvm_vm *vm, vm_vaddr_t gva) +{ + vm_paddr_t pt = vm->pgd; + uint64_t *ptep, pte; + int level; + + for (level = 1; level <= 3; level++) { + uint64_t nls; + uint64_t *pdep = virt_get_pte(vm, pt, gva, level, &nls); + uint64_t pde = be64_to_cpu(*pdep); + + TEST_ASSERT((pde & PDE_VALID) && !(pde & PTE_LEAF), + "PDE not present at level: %u gva: 0x%lx pde:0x%lx\n", + level, gva, pde); + pt = pde & PDE_PT_MASK; + } + + ptep = virt_get_pte(vm, pt, gva, level, NULL); + pte = be64_to_cpu(*ptep); + + TEST_ASSERT(pte, + "PTE not present at level: %u gva: 0x%lx pte:0x%lx\n", + level, gva, pte); + + TEST_ASSERT((pte & PTE_VALID) && (pte & PTE_LEAF) && (pte & PTE_READ) && (pte & PTE_RW) && (pte & PTE_EXEC), + "PTE not valid at level: %u gva: 0x%lx pte:0x%lx\n", + level, gva, pte); + + return (pte & PTE_PAGE_MASK) + (gva & (vm->page_size - 1)); +} + +static void virt_arch_dump_pt(FILE *stream, struct kvm_vm *vm, vm_paddr_t pt, vm_vaddr_t va, int level, uint8_t indent) +{ + uint64_t *page_table; + int size, idx; + + page_table = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pt); + size = 1U << pt_shift(vm, level); + for (idx = 0; idx < size; idx++) { + uint64_t pte = be64_to_cpu(page_table[idx]); + if (pte & PTE_VALID) { + if (pte & PTE_LEAF) { + fprintf(stream, "%*sgVA:0x%016lx -> gRA:0x%016llx\n", indent, "", va, pte & PTE_PAGE_MASK); + } else { + virt_arch_dump_pt(stream, vm, pte & PDE_PT_MASK, va, level + 1, indent); + } + } + va += pt_entry_coverage(vm, level); + } + +} + +void virt_arch_dump(FILE *stream, struct kvm_vm *vm, uint8_t indent) +{ + vm_paddr_t pt = vm->pgd; + + if (!vm->pgd_created) + return; + + virt_arch_dump_pt(stream, vm, pt, 0, 1, indent); +} + +static unsigned long get_r2(void) +{ + unsigned long r2; + + asm("mr %0,%%r2" : "=r"(r2)); + + return r2; +} + +struct kvm_vcpu *vm_arch_vcpu_add(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t vcpu_id, + void *guest_code) +{ + size_t stack_size = 64*1024; + vm_vaddr_t stack_vaddr, ex_regs_vaddr; + vm_paddr_t ex_regs_paddr; + struct ex_regs *ex_regs; + struct kvm_regs regs; + struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu; + uint64_t lpcr; + + TEST_ASSERT(vm->page_size == 64*1024, "Unsupported page size: 0x%x", + vm->page_size); + + stack_vaddr = __vm_vaddr_alloc(vm, stack_size, + DEFAULT_GUEST_STACK_VADDR_MIN, + MEM_REGION_DATA); + + ex_regs_vaddr = __vm_vaddr_alloc(vm, stack_size, + DEFAULT_GUEST_STACK_VADDR_MIN, + MEM_REGION_DATA); + ex_regs_paddr = addr_gva2gpa(vm, ex_regs_vaddr); + ex_regs = addr_gpa2hva(vm, ex_regs_paddr); + ex_regs->vaddr = ex_regs_vaddr; + + vcpu = __vm_vcpu_add(vm, vcpu_id); + + vcpu_enable_cap(vcpu, KVM_CAP_PPC_PAPR, 1); + + /* Setup guest registers */ + vcpu_regs_get(vcpu, ®s); + vcpu_get_reg(vcpu, KVM_REG_PPC_LPCR_64, &lpcr); + + regs.pc = (uintptr_t)guest_code; + regs.gpr[2] = (uintptr_t)get_r2(); + regs.gpr[12] = (uintptr_t)guest_code; + regs.gpr[13] = (uintptr_t)ex_regs_paddr; + regs.msr = 0x8000000002803032ull; + regs.gpr[1] = stack_vaddr + stack_size - 256; + + if (BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN) { + regs.msr |= 0x1; // LE + lpcr |= 0x0000000002000000; // ILE + } else { + lpcr &= ~0x0000000002000000; // !ILE + } + + vcpu_regs_set(vcpu, ®s); + vcpu_set_reg(vcpu, KVM_REG_PPC_LPCR_64, lpcr); + + return vcpu; +} + +void vcpu_args_set(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, unsigned int num, ...) +{ + va_list ap; + struct kvm_regs regs; + int i; + + TEST_ASSERT(num >= 1 && num <= 5, "Unsupported number of args,\n" + " num: %u\n", + num); + + va_start(ap, num); + vcpu_regs_get(vcpu, ®s); + + for (i = 0; i < num; i++) + regs.gpr[i + 3] = va_arg(ap, uint64_t); + + vcpu_regs_set(vcpu, ®s); + va_end(ap); +} + +void vcpu_arch_dump(FILE *stream, struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, uint8_t indent) +{ + struct kvm_regs regs; + + vcpu_regs_get(vcpu, ®s); + + fprintf(stream, "%*sNIA: 0x%016llx MSR: 0x%016llx\n", indent, "", regs.pc, regs.msr); + fprintf(stream, "%*sLR: 0x%016llx CTR :0x%016llx\n", indent, "", regs.lr, regs.ctr); + fprintf(stream, "%*sCR: 0x%08llx XER :0x%016llx\n", indent, "", regs.cr, regs.xer); +} + +void vm_init_descriptor_tables(struct kvm_vm *vm) +{ +} + +void kvm_arch_vm_post_create(struct kvm_vm *vm) +{ + vm_paddr_t excp_paddr = vm_phy_page_alloc(vm, 0, + vm->memslots[MEM_REGION_DATA]); + void *mem = addr_gpa2hva(vm, excp_paddr); + + TEST_ASSERT(excp_paddr == 0, "excp_paddr = 0x%lx\n", excp_paddr); + + memcpy(mem, __interrupts_start, __interrupts_end - __interrupts_start); +} + +void assert_on_unhandled_exception(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu) +{ + struct ucall uc; + + if (get_ucall(vcpu, &uc) == UCALL_UNHANDLED) { + vm_paddr_t ex_regs_paddr; + struct ex_regs *ex_regs; + struct kvm_regs regs; + + vcpu_regs_get(vcpu, ®s); + ex_regs_paddr = (vm_paddr_t)regs.gpr[13]; + ex_regs = addr_gpa2hva(vcpu->vm, ex_regs_paddr); + + TEST_FAIL("Unexpected interrupt in guest NIA:0x%016lx MSR:0x%016lx TRAP:0x%04x", ex_regs->nia, ex_regs->msr, ex_regs->trap); + } +} + +struct handler { + void (*fn)(struct ex_regs *regs); + int trap; +}; + +#define NR_HANDLERS 10 +static struct handler handlers[NR_HANDLERS]; + +void route_interrupt(struct ex_regs *regs) +{ + int i; + + for (i = 0; i < NR_HANDLERS; i++) { + if (handlers[i].trap == regs->trap) { + handlers[i].fn(regs); + return; + } + } + + ucall(UCALL_UNHANDLED, 0); +} + +void vm_install_exception_handler(struct kvm_vm *vm, int trap, + void (*fn)(struct ex_regs *)) +{ + int i; + + for (i = 0; i < NR_HANDLERS; i++) { + if (!handlers[i].trap || handlers[i].trap == trap) { + if (fn == NULL) + trap = 0; /* Clear handler */ + handlers[i].trap = trap; + handlers[i].fn = fn; + sync_global_to_guest(vm, handlers[i]); + return; + } + } + + TEST_FAIL("Out of exception handlers"); +} diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/powerpc/ucall.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/powerpc/ucall.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..ce0ddde45fef --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/powerpc/ucall.c @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 +/* + * ucall support. A ucall is a "hypercall to host userspace". + */ +#include "kvm_util.h" +#include "hcall.h" + +void ucall_arch_init(struct kvm_vm *vm, vm_paddr_t mmio_gpa) +{ +} + +void ucall_arch_do_ucall(vm_vaddr_t uc) +{ + hcall2(H_UCALL, UCALL_R4_UCALL, (uintptr_t)(uc)); +} + +void *ucall_arch_get_ucall(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu) +{ + struct kvm_run *run = vcpu->run; + + if (run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_PAPR_HCALL && + run->papr_hcall.nr == H_UCALL) { + struct kvm_regs regs; + + vcpu_regs_get(vcpu, ®s); + if (regs.gpr[4] == UCALL_R4_UCALL) + return (void *)regs.gpr[5]; + } + return NULL; +} diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/powerpc/helpers.h b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/powerpc/helpers.h new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..8f60bb826830 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/powerpc/helpers.h @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only + +#ifndef SELFTEST_KVM_HELPERS_H +#define SELFTEST_KVM_HELPERS_H + +#include "kvm_util.h" +#include "processor.h" + +static inline void __handle_ucall(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, uint64_t expect, struct ucall *uc) +{ + uint64_t ret; + struct kvm_regs regs; + + ret = get_ucall(vcpu, uc); + if (ret == expect) + return; + + vcpu_regs_get(vcpu, ®s); + fprintf(stderr, "Guest failure at NIA:0x%016llx MSR:0x%016llx\n", regs.pc, regs.msr); + fprintf(stderr, "Expected ucall: %lu\n", expect); + + if (ret == UCALL_ABORT) + REPORT_GUEST_ASSERT(*uc); + else + TEST_FAIL("Unexpected ucall: %lu exit_reason=%s", + ret, exit_reason_str(vcpu->run->exit_reason)); +} + +static inline void handle_ucall(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, uint64_t expect) +{ + struct ucall uc; + + __handle_ucall(vcpu, expect, &uc); +} + +static inline void host_sync(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, uint64_t sync) +{ + struct ucall uc; + + __handle_ucall(vcpu, UCALL_SYNC, &uc); + + TEST_ASSERT(uc.args[1] == (sync), "Sync failed host:%ld guest:%ld", + (long)sync, (long)uc.args[1]); +} + +#endif
Add tests that exercise basic functions of the kvm selftests framework, guest creation, ucalls, hcalls, copying data between guest and host, interrupts and page faults.
These don't stress KVM so much as being useful when developing support for powerpc.
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin npiggin@gmail.com --- tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile | 2 + .../selftests/kvm/include/powerpc/hcall.h | 2 + .../testing/selftests/kvm/powerpc/null_test.c | 166 ++++++++++++++++++ .../selftests/kvm/powerpc/rtas_hcall.c | 146 +++++++++++++++ 4 files changed, 316 insertions(+) create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/powerpc/null_test.c create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/powerpc/rtas_hcall.c
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile index 908602a9f513..d4052eccaaee 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile @@ -181,6 +181,8 @@ TEST_GEN_PROGS_riscv += kvm_page_table_test TEST_GEN_PROGS_riscv += set_memory_region_test TEST_GEN_PROGS_riscv += kvm_binary_stats_test
+TEST_GEN_PROGS_powerpc += powerpc/null_test +TEST_GEN_PROGS_powerpc += powerpc/rtas_hcall TEST_GEN_PROGS_powerpc += demand_paging_test TEST_GEN_PROGS_powerpc += dirty_log_test TEST_GEN_PROGS_powerpc += kvm_create_max_vcpus diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/powerpc/hcall.h b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/powerpc/hcall.h index 4eb9ad635402..cbcaf180c427 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/powerpc/hcall.h +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/powerpc/hcall.h @@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ #define UCALL_R4_EXCPT 0x1b0f // other exception, r5 contains vector, r6,7 SRRs #define UCALL_R4_SIMPLE 0x0000 // simple exit usable by asm with no ucall data
+#define H_RTAS 0xf000 + int64_t hcall0(uint64_t token); int64_t hcall1(uint64_t token, uint64_t arg1); int64_t hcall2(uint64_t token, uint64_t arg1, uint64_t arg2); diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/powerpc/null_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/powerpc/null_test.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..31db0b6becd6 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/powerpc/null_test.c @@ -0,0 +1,166 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only +/* + * Tests for guest creation, run, ucall, interrupt, and vm dumping. + */ + +#define _GNU_SOURCE /* for program_invocation_short_name */ +#include <fcntl.h> +#include <stdio.h> +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <string.h> +#include <sys/ioctl.h> + +#include "test_util.h" +#include "kvm_util.h" +#include "kselftest.h" +#include "processor.h" +#include "helpers.h" + +extern void guest_code_asm(void); +asm(".global guest_code_asm"); +asm(".balign 4"); +asm("guest_code_asm:"); +asm("li 3,0"); // H_UCALL +asm("li 4,0"); // UCALL_R4_SIMPLE +asm("sc 1"); + +static void test_asm(void) +{ + struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu; + struct kvm_vm *vm; + + vm = vm_create_with_one_vcpu(&vcpu, guest_code_asm); + + vcpu_run(vcpu); + handle_ucall(vcpu, UCALL_NONE); + + kvm_vm_free(vm); +} + +static void guest_code_ucall(void) +{ + GUEST_DONE(); +} + +static void test_ucall(void) +{ + struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu; + struct kvm_vm *vm; + + vm = vm_create_with_one_vcpu(&vcpu, guest_code_ucall); + + vcpu_run(vcpu); + handle_ucall(vcpu, UCALL_DONE); + + kvm_vm_free(vm); +} + +static void trap_handler(struct ex_regs *regs) +{ + GUEST_SYNC(1); + regs->nia += 4; +} + +static void guest_code_trap(void) +{ + GUEST_SYNC(0); + asm volatile("trap"); + GUEST_DONE(); +} + +static void test_trap(void) +{ + struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu; + struct kvm_vm *vm; + + vm = vm_create_with_one_vcpu(&vcpu, guest_code_trap); + vm_install_exception_handler(vm, 0x700, trap_handler); + + vcpu_run(vcpu); + host_sync(vcpu, 0); + vcpu_run(vcpu); + host_sync(vcpu, 1); + vcpu_run(vcpu); + handle_ucall(vcpu, UCALL_DONE); + + vm_install_exception_handler(vm, 0x700, NULL); + + kvm_vm_free(vm); +} + +static void dsi_handler(struct ex_regs *regs) +{ + GUEST_SYNC(1); + regs->nia += 4; +} + +static void guest_code_dsi(void) +{ + GUEST_SYNC(0); + asm volatile("stb %r0,0(0)"); + GUEST_DONE(); +} + +static void test_dsi(void) +{ + struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu; + struct kvm_vm *vm; + + vm = vm_create_with_one_vcpu(&vcpu, guest_code_dsi); + vm_install_exception_handler(vm, 0x300, dsi_handler); + + vcpu_run(vcpu); + host_sync(vcpu, 0); + vcpu_run(vcpu); + host_sync(vcpu, 1); + vcpu_run(vcpu); + handle_ucall(vcpu, UCALL_DONE); + + vm_install_exception_handler(vm, 0x300, NULL); + + kvm_vm_free(vm); +} + +static void test_dump(void) +{ + struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu; + struct kvm_vm *vm; + + vm = vm_create_with_one_vcpu(&vcpu, guest_code_ucall); + + vcpu_run(vcpu); + handle_ucall(vcpu, UCALL_DONE); + + printf("Testing vm_dump...\n"); + vm_dump(stderr, vm, 2); + + kvm_vm_free(vm); +} + + +struct testdef { + const char *name; + void (*test)(void); +} testlist[] = { + { "null asm test", test_asm}, + { "null ucall test", test_ucall}, + { "trap test", test_trap}, + { "page fault test", test_dsi}, + { "vm dump test", test_dump}, +}; + +int main(int argc, char *argv[]) +{ + int idx; + + ksft_print_header(); + + ksft_set_plan(ARRAY_SIZE(testlist)); + + for (idx = 0; idx < ARRAY_SIZE(testlist); idx++) { + testlist[idx].test(); + ksft_test_result_pass("%s\n", testlist[idx].name); + } + + ksft_finished(); /* Print results and exit() accordingly */ +} diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/powerpc/rtas_hcall.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/powerpc/rtas_hcall.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..4d5532eac650 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/powerpc/rtas_hcall.c @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only +/* + * Test the KVM H_RTAS hcall and copying buffers between guest and host. + */ + +#define _GNU_SOURCE /* for program_invocation_short_name */ +#include <fcntl.h> +#include <stdio.h> +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <string.h> +#include <sys/ioctl.h> + +#include "test_util.h" +#include "kvm_util.h" +#include "kselftest.h" +#include "hcall.h" + +struct rtas_args { + __be32 token; + __be32 nargs; + __be32 nret; + __be32 args[16]; + __be32 *rets; /* Pointer to return values in args[]. */ +}; + +static void guest_code(void) +{ + struct rtas_args r; + int64_t rc; + + r.token = cpu_to_be32(0xdeadbeef); + r.nargs = cpu_to_be32(3); + r.nret = cpu_to_be32(2); + r.rets = &r.args[3]; + r.args[0] = cpu_to_be32(0x1000); + r.args[1] = cpu_to_be32(0x1001); + r.args[2] = cpu_to_be32(0x1002); + rc = hcall1(H_RTAS, (uint64_t)&r); + GUEST_ASSERT(rc == 0); + GUEST_ASSERT_1(be32_to_cpu(r.rets[0]) == 0xabc, be32_to_cpu(r.rets[0])); + GUEST_ASSERT_1(be32_to_cpu(r.rets[1]) == 0x123, be32_to_cpu(r.rets[1])); + + GUEST_DONE(); +} + +int main(int argc, char *argv[]) +{ + struct kvm_regs regs; + struct rtas_args *r; + vm_vaddr_t rtas_vaddr; + struct ucall uc; + struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu; + struct kvm_vm *vm; + uint64_t tmp; + int ret; + + ksft_print_header(); + + ksft_set_plan(1); + + /* Create VM */ + vm = vm_create_with_one_vcpu(&vcpu, guest_code); + + printf("Running H_RTAS guest vcpu.\n"); + + ret = _vcpu_run(vcpu); + TEST_ASSERT(ret == 0, "vcpu_run failed: %d\n", ret); + switch ((tmp = get_ucall(vcpu, &uc))) { + case UCALL_NONE: + break; // good + case UCALL_DONE: + TEST_FAIL("Unexpected final guest exit %lu\n", tmp); + break; + case UCALL_ABORT: + REPORT_GUEST_ASSERT_N(uc, "values: %lu (0x%lx)\n", + GUEST_ASSERT_ARG(uc, 0), + GUEST_ASSERT_ARG(uc, 0)); + break; + default: + TEST_FAIL("Unexpected guest exit %lu\n", tmp); + } + + TEST_ASSERT(vcpu->run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_PAPR_HCALL, + "Expected PAPR_HCALL exit, got %s\n", + exit_reason_str(vcpu->run->exit_reason)); + TEST_ASSERT(vcpu->run->papr_hcall.nr == H_RTAS, + "Expected H_RTAS exit, got %lld\n", + vcpu->run->papr_hcall.nr); + + printf("Got H_RTAS exit.\n"); + + vcpu_regs_get(vcpu, ®s); + rtas_vaddr = regs.gpr[4]; + printf("H_RTAS rtas_args at gEA=0x%lx\n", rtas_vaddr); + + r = addr_gva2hva(vm, rtas_vaddr); + + TEST_ASSERT(r->token == cpu_to_be32(0xdeadbeef), + "Expected RTAS token 0xdeadbeef, got 0x%x\n", + be32_to_cpu(r->token)); + TEST_ASSERT(r->nargs == cpu_to_be32(3), + "Expected RTAS nargs 3, got %u\n", + be32_to_cpu(r->nargs)); + TEST_ASSERT(r->nret == cpu_to_be32(2), + "Expected RTAS nret 2, got %u\n", + be32_to_cpu(r->nret)); + TEST_ASSERT(r->args[0] == cpu_to_be32(0x1000), + "Expected args[0] to be 0x1000, got 0x%x\n", + be32_to_cpu(r->args[0])); + TEST_ASSERT(r->args[1] == cpu_to_be32(0x1001), + "Expected args[1] to be 0x1001, got 0x%x\n", + be32_to_cpu(r->args[1])); + TEST_ASSERT(r->args[2] == cpu_to_be32(0x1002), + "Expected args[2] to be 0x1002, got 0x%x\n", + be32_to_cpu(r->args[2])); + + printf("Guest rtas_args is correct, setting rets.\n"); + + r->args[3] = cpu_to_be32(0xabc); + r->args[4] = cpu_to_be32(0x123); + + regs.gpr[3] = 0; + vcpu_regs_set(vcpu, ®s); + + printf("Running H_RTAS guest vcpu again (hcall return H_SUCCESS).\n"); + + ret = _vcpu_run(vcpu); + TEST_ASSERT(ret == 0, "vcpu_run failed: %d\n", ret); + switch ((tmp = get_ucall(vcpu, &uc))) { + case UCALL_DONE: + printf("Got final guest exit.\n"); + break; + case UCALL_ABORT: + REPORT_GUEST_ASSERT_N(uc, "values: %lu (0x%lx)\n", + GUEST_ASSERT_ARG(uc, 0), + GUEST_ASSERT_ARG(uc, 0)); + break; + default: + TEST_FAIL("Unexpected guest exit %lu\n", tmp); + } + + kvm_vm_free(vm); + + ksft_test_result_pass("%s\n", "rtas test"); + ksft_finished(); /* Print results and exit() accordingly */ +}
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