There are a number of architectures with shadow stack features which we are presenting to userspace with as consistent an API as we can (though there are some architecture specifics). Especially given that there are some important considerations for userspace code interacting directly with the feature let's provide some documentation covering the common aspects.

Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas catalin.marinas@arm.com Reviewed-by: Kees Cook kees@kernel.org Tested-by: Kees Cook kees@kernel.org Acked-by: Shuah Khan skhan@linuxfoundation.org Acked-by: Yury Khrustalev yury.khrustalev@arm.com Signed-off-by: Mark Brown broonie@kernel.org --- Documentation/userspace-api/index.rst | 1 + Documentation/userspace-api/shadow_stack.rst | 42 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 43 insertions(+)

diff --git a/Documentation/userspace-api/index.rst b/Documentation/userspace-api/index.rst index 274cc7546efc2a042d2dc00aa67c71c52372179a..c39709bfba2c5682d0d1a22444db17c17bcf01ce 100644 --- a/Documentation/userspace-api/index.rst +++ b/Documentation/userspace-api/index.rst @@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ Everything else

ELF netlink/index + shadow_stack sysfs-platform_profile vduse futex2 diff --git a/Documentation/userspace-api/shadow_stack.rst b/Documentation/userspace-api/shadow_stack.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9d0d4e79cfa7c47d3208dd53071a3d0b86c18575 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/userspace-api/shadow_stack.rst @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +============= +Shadow Stacks +============= + +Introduction +============ + +Several architectures have features which provide backward edge +control flow protection through a hardware maintained stack, only +writeable by userspace through very limited operations. This feature +is referred to as shadow stacks on Linux, on x86 it is part of Intel +Control Enforcement Technology (CET), on arm64 it is Guarded Control +Stacks feature (FEAT_GCS) and for RISC-V it is the Zicfiss extension. +It is expected that this feature will normally be managed by the +system dynamic linker and libc in ways broadly transparent to +application code, this document covers interfaces and considerations. + + +Enabling +======== + +Shadow stacks default to disabled when a userspace process is +executed, they can be enabled for the current thread with a syscall: + + - For x86 the ARCH_SHSTK_ENABLE arch_prctl() + - For other architectures the PR_SET_SHADOW_STACK_ENABLE prctl() + +It is expected that this will normally be done by the dynamic linker. +Any new threads created by a thread with shadow stacks enabled will +themselves have shadow stacks enabled. + + +Enablement considerations +========================= + +- Returning from the function that enables shadow stacks without first + disabling them will cause a shadow stack exception. This includes + any syscall wrapper or other library functions, the syscall will need + to be inlined. +- A lock feature allows userspace to prevent disabling of shadow stacks. +- Those that change the stack context like longjmp() or use of ucontext + changes on signal return will need support from libc.

Unlike with the normal stack there is no API for configuring the the shadow stack for a new thread, instead the kernel will dynamically allocate a new shadow stack with the same size as the normal stack. This appears to be due to the shadow stack series having been in development since before the more extensible clone3() was added rather than anything more deliberate.

Add a paramter to clone3() specifying the shadow stack pointer to use for the new thread, this is inconsistent with the way we specify the normal stack but during review concerns were expressed about having to identify where the shadow stack pointer should be placed especially in cases where the shadow stack has been previously active. If no shadow stack is specified then the existing implicit allocation behaviour is maintained.

If a shadow stack pointer is specified then it is required to have an architecture defined token placed on the stack, this will be consumed by the new task. If no valid token is present then this will be reported with -EINVAL. This token prevents new threads being created pointing at the shadow stack of an existing running thread.

If the architecture does not support shadow stacks the shadow stack pointer must be not be specified, architectures that do support the feature are expected to enforce the same requirement on individual systems that lack shadow stack support.

Update the existing arm64 and x86 implementations to pay attention to the newly added arguments, in order to maintain compatibility we use the existing behaviour if no shadow stack is specified. Since we are now using more fields from the kernel_clone_args we pass that into the shadow stack code rather than individual fields.

Portions of the x86 architecture code were written by Rick Edgecombe.

Acked-by: Yury Khrustalev yury.khrustalev@arm.com Signed-off-by: Mark Brown broonie@kernel.org --- arch/arm64/mm/gcs.c | 54 +++++++++++++++++++++- arch/x86/include/asm/shstk.h | 11 +++-- arch/x86/kernel/process.c | 2 +- arch/x86/kernel/shstk.c | 57 +++++++++++++++++++++--- include/asm-generic/cacheflush.h | 11 +++++ include/linux/sched/task.h | 17 +++++++ include/uapi/linux/sched.h | 10 +++-- kernel/fork.c | 96 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----- 8 files changed, 232 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/arm64/mm/gcs.c b/arch/arm64/mm/gcs.c index 1f633a482558b59aac5427963d42b37fce08c8a6..c4e93b7ce05c5dfa1128923ad587f9b5a7fb0051 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/mm/gcs.c +++ b/arch/arm64/mm/gcs.c @@ -43,8 +43,24 @@ int gcs_alloc_thread_stack(struct task_struct *tsk, { unsigned long addr, size;

- if (!system_supports_gcs()) + if (!system_supports_gcs()) { + if (args->shadow_stack_pointer) + return -EINVAL; + + return 0; + } + + /* + * If the user specified a GCS then use it, otherwise fall + * back to a default allocation strategy. Validation is done + * in arch_shstk_validate_clone(). + */ + if (args->shadow_stack_pointer) { + tsk->thread.gcs_base = 0; + tsk->thread.gcs_size = 0; + tsk->thread.gcspr_el0 = args->shadow_stack_pointer; return 0; + }

if (!task_gcs_el0_enabled(tsk)) return 0; @@ -68,6 +84,42 @@ int gcs_alloc_thread_stack(struct task_struct *tsk, return 0; }

+static bool gcs_consume_token(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct page *page, + unsigned long user_addr) +{ + u64 expected = GCS_CAP(user_addr); + u64 *token = page_address(page) + offset_in_page(user_addr); + + if (!cmpxchg_to_user_page(vma, page, user_addr, token, expected, 0)) + return false; + set_page_dirty_lock(page); + + return true; +} + +int arch_shstk_validate_clone(struct task_struct *tsk, + struct vm_area_struct *vma, + struct page *page, + struct kernel_clone_args *args) +{ + unsigned long gcspr_el0; + int ret = 0; + + /* Ensure that a token written as a result of a pivot is visible */ + gcsb_dsync(); + + gcspr_el0 = args->shadow_stack_pointer; + if (!gcs_consume_token(vma, page, gcspr_el0)) + return -EINVAL; + + tsk->thread.gcspr_el0 = gcspr_el0 + sizeof(u64); + + /* Ensure that our token consumption visible */ + gcsb_dsync(); + + return ret; +} + SYSCALL_DEFINE3(map_shadow_stack, unsigned long, addr, unsigned long, size, unsigned int, flags) { unsigned long alloc_size; diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/shstk.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/shstk.h index 4cb77e004615dff003426a2eb594460ca1015f4e..252feeda69991e939942c74556e23e27c835e766 100644 --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/shstk.h +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/shstk.h @@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ #include <linux/types.h>

struct task_struct; +struct kernel_clone_args; struct ksignal;

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_USER_SHADOW_STACK @@ -16,8 +17,8 @@ struct thread_shstk {

long shstk_prctl(struct task_struct *task, int option, unsigned long arg2); void reset_thread_features(void); -unsigned long shstk_alloc_thread_stack(struct task_struct *p, unsigned long clone_flags, - unsigned long stack_size); +unsigned long shstk_alloc_thread_stack(struct task_struct *p, + const struct kernel_clone_args *args); void shstk_free(struct task_struct *p); int setup_signal_shadow_stack(struct ksignal *ksig); int restore_signal_shadow_stack(void); @@ -28,8 +29,10 @@ static inline long shstk_prctl(struct task_struct *task, int option, unsigned long arg2) { return -EINVAL; } static inline void reset_thread_features(void) {} static inline unsigned long shstk_alloc_thread_stack(struct task_struct *p, - unsigned long clone_flags, - unsigned long stack_size) { return 0; } + const struct kernel_clone_args *args) +{ + return 0; +} static inline void shstk_free(struct task_struct *p) {} static inline int setup_signal_shadow_stack(struct ksignal *ksig) { return 0; } static inline int restore_signal_shadow_stack(void) { return 0; } diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/process.c b/arch/x86/kernel/process.c index f63f8fd00a91f3d1171f307b92179556ba2d716d..59456ab8d93faee29c3b223b64eb41659df76032 100644 --- a/arch/x86/kernel/process.c +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/process.c @@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ int copy_thread(struct task_struct *p, const struct kernel_clone_args *args) * is disabled, new_ssp will remain 0, and fpu_clone() will know not to * update it. */ - new_ssp = shstk_alloc_thread_stack(p, clone_flags, args->stack_size); + new_ssp = shstk_alloc_thread_stack(p, args); if (IS_ERR_VALUE(new_ssp)) return PTR_ERR((void *)new_ssp);

diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/shstk.c b/arch/x86/kernel/shstk.c index 059685612362d7b1865eabf400888fbfa0659c1e..056e2c9ec30531d0901297da07f1842b47d2fcd5 100644 --- a/arch/x86/kernel/shstk.c +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/shstk.c @@ -191,18 +191,65 @@ void reset_thread_features(void) current->thread.features_locked = 0; }

-unsigned long shstk_alloc_thread_stack(struct task_struct *tsk, unsigned long clone_flags, - unsigned long stack_size) +int arch_shstk_validate_clone(struct task_struct *t, + struct vm_area_struct *vma, + struct page *page, + struct kernel_clone_args *args) +{ + /* + * SSP is aligned, so reserved bits and mode bit are a zero, just mark + * the token 64-bit. + */ + void *maddr = kmap_local_page(page); + int offset; + unsigned long addr, ssp; + u64 expected; + + if (!features_enabled(ARCH_SHSTK_SHSTK)) + return 0; + + ssp = args->shadow_stack_pointer; + addr = ssp - SS_FRAME_SIZE; + expected = ssp | BIT(0); + offset = offset_in_page(addr); + + if (!cmpxchg_to_user_page(vma, page, addr, (unsigned long *)(maddr + offset), + expected, 0)) + return -EINVAL; + set_page_dirty_lock(page); + + return 0; +} + +unsigned long shstk_alloc_thread_stack(struct task_struct *tsk, + const struct kernel_clone_args *args) { struct thread_shstk *shstk = &tsk->thread.shstk; + unsigned long clone_flags = args->flags; unsigned long addr, size;

/* * If shadow stack is not enabled on the new thread, skip any - * switch to a new shadow stack. + * implicit switch to a new shadow stack and reject attempts to + * explicitly specify one. */ - if (!features_enabled(ARCH_SHSTK_SHSTK)) + if (!features_enabled(ARCH_SHSTK_SHSTK)) { + if (args->shadow_stack_pointer) + return (unsigned long)ERR_PTR(-EINVAL); + return 0; + } + + /* + * If the user specified a shadow stack then use it, otherwise + * fall back to a default allocation strategy. Validation is + * done in arch_shstk_validate_clone(). + */ + if (args->shadow_stack_pointer) { + shstk->base = 0; + shstk->size = 0; + return args->shadow_stack_pointer; + }

/* * For CLONE_VFORK the child will share the parents shadow stack. @@ -222,7 +269,7 @@ unsigned long shstk_alloc_thread_stack(struct task_struct *tsk, unsigned long cl if (!(clone_flags & CLONE_VM)) return 0;

- size = adjust_shstk_size(stack_size); + size = adjust_shstk_size(args->stack_size); addr = alloc_shstk(0, size, 0, false); if (IS_ERR_VALUE(addr)) return addr; diff --git a/include/asm-generic/cacheflush.h b/include/asm-generic/cacheflush.h index 7ee8a179d1036e1d8010b8b18a8f3022e41c1695..96cc0c7a5c90fd7e899d0c5fe7c706302265efcf 100644 --- a/include/asm-generic/cacheflush.h +++ b/include/asm-generic/cacheflush.h @@ -124,4 +124,15 @@ static inline void flush_cache_vunmap(unsigned long start, unsigned long end) } while (0) #endif

+#ifndef cmpxchg_to_user_page +#define cmpxchg_to_user_page(vma, page, vaddr, ptr, old, new) \ +({ \ + bool ret; \ + \ + ret = try_cmpxchg(ptr, &old, new); \ + flush_icache_user_page(vma, page, vaddr, sizeof(*ptr)); \ + ret; \ +}) +#endif + #endif /* _ASM_GENERIC_CACHEFLUSH_H */ diff --git a/include/linux/sched/task.h b/include/linux/sched/task.h index 0f2aeb37bbb047335a399326b31bc8df81b75a3a..cd36389619d5c97401f7b90e177c6027c232783b 100644 --- a/include/linux/sched/task.h +++ b/include/linux/sched/task.h @@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ struct task_struct; struct rusage; union thread_union; struct css_set; +struct vm_area_struct;

/* All the bits taken by the old clone syscall. */ #define CLONE_LEGACY_FLAGS 0xffffffffULL @@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ struct kernel_clone_args { void *fn_arg; struct cgroup *cgrp; struct css_set *cset; + unsigned long shadow_stack_pointer; };

/* @@ -236,4 +238,19 @@ static inline void task_unlock(struct task_struct *p)

DEFINE_GUARD(task_lock, struct task_struct *, task_lock(_T), task_unlock(_T))

+#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_USER_SHADOW_STACK +int arch_shstk_validate_clone(struct task_struct *p, + struct vm_area_struct *vma, + struct page *page, + struct kernel_clone_args *args); +#else +static inline int arch_shstk_validate_clone(struct task_struct *p, + struct vm_area_struct *vma, + struct page *page, + struct kernel_clone_args *args) +{ + return 0; +} +#endif + #endif /* _LINUX_SCHED_TASK_H */ diff --git a/include/uapi/linux/sched.h b/include/uapi/linux/sched.h index 359a14cc76a4038aeacef14b2915d5ce60d0cf44..586a1c05a4e4ca05584d4d500223bcf6c3add54c 100644 --- a/include/uapi/linux/sched.h +++ b/include/uapi/linux/sched.h @@ -84,6 +84,8 @@ * kernel's limit of nested PID namespaces. * @cgroup: If CLONE_INTO_CGROUP is specified set this to * a file descriptor for the cgroup. + * @shadow_stack_pointer: Value to use for shadow stack pointer in the + * child process. * * The structure is versioned by size and thus extensible. * New struct members must go at the end of the struct and @@ -101,12 +103,14 @@ struct clone_args { __aligned_u64 set_tid; __aligned_u64 set_tid_size; __aligned_u64 cgroup; + __aligned_u64 shadow_stack_pointer; }; #endif

-#define CLONE_ARGS_SIZE_VER0 64 /* sizeof first published struct */ -#define CLONE_ARGS_SIZE_VER1 80 /* sizeof second published struct */ -#define CLONE_ARGS_SIZE_VER2 88 /* sizeof third published struct */ +#define CLONE_ARGS_SIZE_VER0 64 /* sizeof first published struct */ +#define CLONE_ARGS_SIZE_VER1 80 /* sizeof second published struct */ +#define CLONE_ARGS_SIZE_VER2 88 /* sizeof third published struct */ +#define CLONE_ARGS_SIZE_VER3 96 /* sizeof fourth published struct */

/* * Scheduling policies diff --git a/kernel/fork.c b/kernel/fork.c index 1450b461d196a1efee0e120780467a96f6c7d491..6ef945c7d4220f0838d004a8b37615cccc91b7da 100644 --- a/kernel/fork.c +++ b/kernel/fork.c @@ -2128,6 +2128,51 @@ static void rv_task_fork(struct task_struct *p) #define rv_task_fork(p) do {} while (0) #endif

+static int shstk_validate_clone(struct task_struct *p, + struct kernel_clone_args *args) +{ + struct mm_struct *mm; + struct vm_area_struct *vma; + struct page *page; + unsigned long addr; + int ret; + + if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_USER_SHADOW_STACK)) + return 0; + + if (!args->shadow_stack_pointer) + return 0; + + mm = get_task_mm(p); + if (!mm) + return -EFAULT; + + mmap_read_lock(mm); + + addr = untagged_addr_remote(mm, args->shadow_stack_pointer); + page = get_user_page_vma_remote(mm, addr, FOLL_FORCE | FOLL_WRITE, + &vma); + if (IS_ERR(page)) { + ret = -EFAULT; + goto out; + } + + if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_SHADOW_STACK) || + !(vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE)) { + ret = -EFAULT; + goto out_page; + } + + ret = arch_shstk_validate_clone(p, vma, page, args); + +out_page: + put_page(page); +out: + mmap_read_unlock(mm); + mmput(mm); + return ret; +} + /* * This creates a new process as a copy of the old one, * but does not actually start it yet. @@ -2402,6 +2447,9 @@ __latent_entropy struct task_struct *copy_process( if (retval) goto bad_fork_cleanup_namespaces; retval = copy_thread(p, args); + if (retval) + goto bad_fork_cleanup_io; + retval = shstk_validate_clone(p, args); if (retval) goto bad_fork_cleanup_io;

@@ -2965,7 +3013,9 @@ noinline static int copy_clone_args_from_user(struct kernel_clone_args *kargs, CLONE_ARGS_SIZE_VER1); BUILD_BUG_ON(offsetofend(struct clone_args, cgroup) != CLONE_ARGS_SIZE_VER2); - BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct clone_args) != CLONE_ARGS_SIZE_VER2); + BUILD_BUG_ON(offsetofend(struct clone_args, shadow_stack_pointer) != + CLONE_ARGS_SIZE_VER3); + BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct clone_args) != CLONE_ARGS_SIZE_VER3);

if (unlikely(usize > PAGE_SIZE)) return -E2BIG; @@ -2998,16 +3048,17 @@ noinline static int copy_clone_args_from_user(struct kernel_clone_args *kargs, return -EINVAL;

*kargs = (struct kernel_clone_args){ - .flags = args.flags, - .pidfd = u64_to_user_ptr(args.pidfd), - .child_tid = u64_to_user_ptr(args.child_tid), - .parent_tid = u64_to_user_ptr(args.parent_tid), - .exit_signal = args.exit_signal, - .stack = args.stack, - .stack_size = args.stack_size, - .tls = args.tls, - .set_tid_size = args.set_tid_size, - .cgroup = args.cgroup, + .flags = args.flags, + .pidfd = u64_to_user_ptr(args.pidfd), + .child_tid = u64_to_user_ptr(args.child_tid), + .parent_tid = u64_to_user_ptr(args.parent_tid), + .exit_signal = args.exit_signal, + .stack = args.stack, + .stack_size = args.stack_size, + .tls = args.tls, + .set_tid_size = args.set_tid_size, + .cgroup = args.cgroup, + .shadow_stack_pointer = args.shadow_stack_pointer, };

if (args.set_tid && @@ -3048,6 +3099,27 @@ static inline bool clone3_stack_valid(struct kernel_clone_args *kargs) return true; }

+/** + * clone3_shadow_stack_valid - check and prepare shadow stack + * @kargs: kernel clone args + * + * Verify that shadow stacks are only enabled if supported. + */ +static inline bool clone3_shadow_stack_valid(struct kernel_clone_args *kargs) +{ + if (!kargs->shadow_stack_pointer) + return true; + + if (!IS_ALIGNED(kargs->shadow_stack_pointer, sizeof(void *))) + return false; + + /* + * The architecture must check support on the specific + * machine. + */ + return IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_USER_SHADOW_STACK); +} + static bool clone3_args_valid(struct kernel_clone_args *kargs) { /* Verify that no unknown flags are passed along. */ @@ -3070,7 +3142,7 @@ static bool clone3_args_valid(struct kernel_clone_args *kargs) kargs->exit_signal) return false;

- if (!clone3_stack_valid(kargs)) + if (!clone3_stack_valid(kargs) || !clone3_shadow_stack_valid(kargs)) return false;

return true;

In order to make it easier to add more configuration for the tests and more support for runtime detection of when tests can be run pass the structure describing the tests into test_clone3() rather than picking the arguments out of it and have that function do all the per-test work.

No functional change.

Reviewed-by: Kees Cook kees@kernel.org Tested-by: Kees Cook kees@kernel.org Acked-by: Shuah Khan skhan@linuxfoundation.org Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas catalin.marinas@arm.com Signed-off-by: Mark Brown broonie@kernel.org --- tools/testing/selftests/clone3/clone3.c | 77 ++++++++++++++++----------------- 1 file changed, 37 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/clone3/clone3.c b/tools/testing/selftests/clone3/clone3.c index e61f07973ce5e27aff30047b35e03b1b51875c15..e066b201fa64eb17c55939b7cec18ac5d109613b 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/clone3/clone3.c +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/clone3/clone3.c @@ -30,6 +30,19 @@ enum test_mode { CLONE3_ARGS_INVAL_EXIT_SIGNAL_NSIG, };

+typedef bool (*filter_function)(void); +typedef size_t (*size_function)(void); + +struct test { + const char *name; + uint64_t flags; + size_t size; + size_function size_function; + int expected; + enum test_mode test_mode; + filter_function filter; +}; + static int call_clone3(uint64_t flags, size_t size, enum test_mode test_mode) { struct __clone_args args = { @@ -109,30 +122,40 @@ static int call_clone3(uint64_t flags, size_t size, enum test_mode test_mode) return 0; }

-static bool test_clone3(uint64_t flags, size_t size, int expected, - enum test_mode test_mode) +static void test_clone3(const struct test *test) { + size_t size; int ret;

+ if (test->filter && test->filter()) { + ksft_test_result_skip("%s\n", test->name); + return; + } + + if (test->size_function) + size = test->size_function(); + else + size = test->size; + + ksft_print_msg("Running test '%s'\n", test->name); + ksft_print_msg( "[%d] Trying clone3() with flags %#" PRIx64 " (size %zu)\n", - getpid(), flags, size); - ret = call_clone3(flags, size, test_mode); + getpid(), test->flags, size); + ret = call_clone3(test->flags, size, test->test_mode); ksft_print_msg("[%d] clone3() with flags says: %d expected %d\n", - getpid(), ret, expected); - if (ret != expected) { + getpid(), ret, test->expected); + if (ret != test->expected) { ksft_print_msg( "[%d] Result (%d) is different than expected (%d)\n", - getpid(), ret, expected); - return false; + getpid(), ret, test->expected); + ksft_test_result_fail("%s\n", test->name); + return; }

- return true; + ksft_test_result_pass("%s\n", test->name); }

-typedef bool (*filter_function)(void); -typedef size_t (*size_function)(void); - static bool not_root(void) { if (getuid() != 0) { @@ -160,16 +183,6 @@ static size_t page_size_plus_8(void) return getpagesize() + 8; }

-struct test { - const char *name; - uint64_t flags; - size_t size; - size_function size_function; - int expected; - enum test_mode test_mode; - filter_function filter; -}; - static const struct test tests[] = { { .name = "simple clone3()", @@ -319,24 +332,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) ksft_set_plan(ARRAY_SIZE(tests)); test_clone3_supported();

- for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(tests); i++) { - if (tests[i].filter && tests[i].filter()) { - ksft_test_result_skip("%s\n", tests[i].name); - continue; - } - - if (tests[i].size_function) - size = tests[i].size_function(); - else - size = tests[i].size; - - ksft_print_msg("Running test '%s'\n", tests[i].name); - - ksft_test_result(test_clone3(tests[i].flags, size, - tests[i].expected, - tests[i].test_mode), - "%s\n", tests[i].name); - } + for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(tests); i++) + test_clone3(&tests[i]);

ksft_finished(); }

Add basic test coverage for specifying the shadow stack for a newly created thread via clone3(), including coverage of the newly extended argument structure. We check that a user specified shadow stack can be provided, and that invalid combinations of parameters are rejected.

In order to facilitate testing on systems without userspace shadow stack support we manually enable shadow stacks on startup, this is architecture specific due to the use of an arch_prctl() on x86. Due to interactions with potential userspace locking of features we actually detect support for shadow stacks on the running system by attempting to allocate a shadow stack page during initialisation using map_shadow_stack(), warning if this succeeds when the enable failed.

In order to allow testing of user configured shadow stacks on architectures with that feature we need to ensure that we do not return from the function where the clone3() syscall is called in the child process, doing so would trigger a shadow stack underflow. To do this we use inline assembly rather than the standard syscall wrapper to call clone3(). In order to avoid surprises we also use a syscall rather than the libc exit() function., this should be overly cautious.

Acked-by: Shuah Khan skhan@linuxfoundation.org Signed-off-by: Mark Brown broonie@kernel.org --- tools/testing/selftests/clone3/clone3.c | 143 +++++++++++++++++++++- tools/testing/selftests/clone3/clone3_selftests.h | 63 ++++++++++ 2 files changed, 205 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/clone3/clone3.c b/tools/testing/selftests/clone3/clone3.c index 5b8b7d640e70132242fc6939450669acd0c534f9..b0378d7418cc8b00caebc6f92f58280bc04b0f80 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/clone3/clone3.c +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/clone3/clone3.c @@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ /* Based on Christian Brauner's clone3() example */

#define _GNU_SOURCE +#include <asm/mman.h> #include <errno.h> #include <inttypes.h> #include <linux/types.h> @@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ #include <stdint.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> +#include <sys/mman.h> #include <sys/syscall.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/un.h> @@ -19,8 +21,12 @@ #include <sched.h>

#include "../kselftest.h" +#include "../ksft_shstk.h" #include "clone3_selftests.h"

+static bool shadow_stack_supported; +static size_t max_supported_args_size; + enum test_mode { CLONE3_ARGS_NO_TEST, CLONE3_ARGS_ALL_0, @@ -28,6 +34,10 @@ enum test_mode { CLONE3_ARGS_INVAL_EXIT_SIGNAL_NEG, CLONE3_ARGS_INVAL_EXIT_SIGNAL_CSIG, CLONE3_ARGS_INVAL_EXIT_SIGNAL_NSIG, + CLONE3_ARGS_SHADOW_STACK, + CLONE3_ARGS_SHADOW_STACK_MISALIGNED, + CLONE3_ARGS_SHADOW_STACK_NO_TOKEN, + CLONE3_ARGS_SHADOW_STACK_NORMAL_MEMORY, };

typedef bool (*filter_function)(void); @@ -44,6 +54,44 @@ struct test { filter_function filter; };

+ +/* + * We check for shadow stack support by attempting to use + * map_shadow_stack() since features may have been locked by the + * dynamic linker resulting in spurious errors when we attempt to + * enable on startup. We warn if the enable failed. + */ +static void test_shadow_stack_supported(void) +{ + long ret; + + ret = syscall(__NR_map_shadow_stack, 0, getpagesize(), 0); + if (ret == -1) { + ksft_print_msg("map_shadow_stack() not supported\n"); + } else if ((void *)ret == MAP_FAILED) { + ksft_print_msg("Failed to map shadow stack\n"); + } else { + ksft_print_msg("Shadow stack supportd\n"); + shadow_stack_supported = true; + + if (!shadow_stack_enabled) + ksft_print_msg("Mapped but did not enable shadow stack\n"); + } +} + +static void *get_shadow_stack_page(unsigned long flags) +{ + unsigned long long page; + + page = syscall(__NR_map_shadow_stack, 0, getpagesize(), flags); + if ((void *)page == MAP_FAILED) { + ksft_print_msg("map_shadow_stack() failed: %d\n", errno); + return 0; + } + + return (void *)page; +} + static int call_clone3(uint64_t flags, size_t size, enum test_mode test_mode) { struct __clone_args args = { @@ -57,6 +105,7 @@ static int call_clone3(uint64_t flags, size_t size, enum test_mode test_mode) } args_ext;

pid_t pid = -1; + void *p; int status;

memset(&args_ext, 0, sizeof(args_ext)); @@ -89,6 +138,26 @@ static int call_clone3(uint64_t flags, size_t size, enum test_mode test_mode) case CLONE3_ARGS_INVAL_EXIT_SIGNAL_NSIG: args.exit_signal = 0x00000000000000f0ULL; break; + case CLONE3_ARGS_SHADOW_STACK: + p = get_shadow_stack_page(SHADOW_STACK_SET_TOKEN); + p += getpagesize() - sizeof(void *); + args.shadow_stack_pointer = (unsigned long long)p; + break; + case CLONE3_ARGS_SHADOW_STACK_MISALIGNED: + p = get_shadow_stack_page(SHADOW_STACK_SET_TOKEN); + p += getpagesize() - sizeof(void *) - 1; + args.shadow_stack_pointer = (unsigned long long)p; + break; + case CLONE3_ARGS_SHADOW_STACK_NORMAL_MEMORY: + p = malloc(getpagesize()); + p += getpagesize() - sizeof(void *); + args.shadow_stack_pointer = (unsigned long long)p; + break; + case CLONE3_ARGS_SHADOW_STACK_NO_TOKEN: + p = get_shadow_stack_page(0); + p += getpagesize() - sizeof(void *); + args.shadow_stack_pointer = (unsigned long long)p; + break; }

memcpy(&args_ext.args, &args, sizeof(struct __clone_args)); @@ -102,7 +171,12 @@ static int call_clone3(uint64_t flags, size_t size, enum test_mode test_mode)

if (pid == 0) { ksft_print_msg("I am the child, my PID is %d\n", getpid()); - _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); + /* + * Use a raw syscall to ensure we don't get issues + * with manually specified shadow stack and exit handlers. + */ + syscall(__NR_exit, EXIT_SUCCESS); + ksft_print_msg("CHILD FAILED TO EXIT PID is %d\n", getpid()); }

ksft_print_msg("I am the parent (%d). My child's pid is %d\n", @@ -184,6 +258,26 @@ static bool no_timenamespace(void) return true; }

+static bool have_shadow_stack(void) +{ + if (shadow_stack_supported) { + ksft_print_msg("Shadow stack supported\n"); + return true; + } + + return false; +} + +static bool no_shadow_stack(void) +{ + if (!shadow_stack_supported) { + ksft_print_msg("Shadow stack not supported\n"); + return true; + } + + return false; +} + static size_t page_size_plus_8(void) { return getpagesize() + 8; @@ -327,6 +421,50 @@ static const struct test tests[] = { .expected = -EINVAL, .test_mode = CLONE3_ARGS_NO_TEST, }, + { + .name = "Shadow stack on system with shadow stack", + .size = 0, + .expected = 0, + .e2big_valid = true, + .test_mode = CLONE3_ARGS_SHADOW_STACK, + .filter = no_shadow_stack, + }, + { + .name = "Shadow stack with misaligned address", + .flags = CLONE_VM, + .size = 0, + .expected = -EINVAL, + .e2big_valid = true, + .test_mode = CLONE3_ARGS_SHADOW_STACK_MISALIGNED, + .filter = no_shadow_stack, + }, + { + .name = "Shadow stack with normal memory", + .flags = CLONE_VM, + .size = 0, + .expected = -EFAULT, + .e2big_valid = true, + .test_mode = CLONE3_ARGS_SHADOW_STACK_NORMAL_MEMORY, + .filter = no_shadow_stack, + }, + { + .name = "Shadow stack with no token", + .flags = CLONE_VM, + .size = 0, + .expected = -EINVAL, + .e2big_valid = true, + .test_mode = CLONE3_ARGS_SHADOW_STACK_NO_TOKEN, + .filter = no_shadow_stack, + }, + { + .name = "Shadow stack on system without shadow stack", + .flags = CLONE_VM, + .size = 0, + .expected = -EINVAL, + .e2big_valid = true, + .test_mode = CLONE3_ARGS_SHADOW_STACK, + .filter = have_shadow_stack, + }, };

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) @@ -334,9 +472,12 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) size_t size; int i;

+ enable_shadow_stack(); + ksft_print_header(); ksft_set_plan(ARRAY_SIZE(tests)); test_clone3_supported(); + test_shadow_stack_supported();

for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(tests); i++) test_clone3(&tests[i]); diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/clone3/clone3_selftests.h b/tools/testing/selftests/clone3/clone3_selftests.h index 39b5dcba663c30b9fc2542d9a0d2686105ce5761..26ff1554408a59af26bd708dc9c852210e370828 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/clone3/clone3_selftests.h +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/clone3/clone3_selftests.h @@ -31,12 +31,75 @@ struct __clone_args { __aligned_u64 set_tid; __aligned_u64 set_tid_size; __aligned_u64 cgroup; +#ifndef CLONE_ARGS_SIZE_VER2 +#define CLONE_ARGS_SIZE_VER2 88 /* sizeof third published struct */ +#endif + __aligned_u64 shadow_stack_pointer; +#ifndef CLONE_ARGS_SIZE_VER3 +#define CLONE_ARGS_SIZE_VER3 96 /* sizeof fourth published struct */ +#endif };

+/* + * For architectures with shadow stack support we need to be + * absolutely sure that the clone3() syscall will be inline and not a + * function call so we open code. + */ +#ifdef __x86_64__ +static pid_t __always_inline sys_clone3(struct __clone_args *args, size_t size) +{ + long ret; + register long _num __asm__ ("rax") = __NR_clone3; + register long _args __asm__ ("rdi") = (long)(args); + register long _size __asm__ ("rsi") = (long)(size); + + __asm__ volatile ( + "syscall\n" + : "=a"(ret) + : "r"(_args), "r"(_size), + "0"(_num) + : "rcx", "r11", "memory", "cc" + ); + + if (ret < 0) { + errno = -ret; + return -1; + } + + return ret; +} +#elif defined(__aarch64__) +static pid_t __always_inline sys_clone3(struct __clone_args *args, size_t size) +{ + register long _num __asm__ ("x8") = __NR_clone3; + register long _args __asm__ ("x0") = (long)(args); + register long _size __asm__ ("x1") = (long)(size); + register long arg2 __asm__ ("x2") = 0; + register long arg3 __asm__ ("x3") = 0; + register long arg4 __asm__ ("x4") = 0; + + __asm__ volatile ( + "svc #0\n" + : "=r"(_args) + : "r"(_args), "r"(_size), + "r"(_num), "r"(arg2), + "r"(arg3), "r"(arg4) + : "memory", "cc" + ); + + if ((int)_args < 0) { + errno = -((int)_args); + return -1; + } + + return _args; +} +#else static pid_t sys_clone3(struct __clone_args *args, size_t size) { return syscall(__NR_clone3, args, size); } +#endif

static inline void test_clone3_supported(void) {