July 2025 - Linux-kselftest-mirror

[PATCH v2 0/4] signal handling support for nolibc

by Benjamin Berg

From: Benjamin Berg <benjamin.berg(a)intel.com> Hi, This patchset adds signal handling to nolibc. Initially, I would like to use this for tests. But in the long run, the goal is to use nolibc for the UML kernel itself. In both cases, signal handling will be needed. v2 contains some bugfixes and has a better test coverage. Also addressed are various review comments. Benjamin Benjamin Berg (4): selftests/nolibc: fix EXPECT_NZ macro selftests/nolibc: validate order of constructor calls tools/nolibc: add more generic bitmask macros for FD_* tools/nolibc: add signal support tools/include/nolibc/arch-arm.h | 7 + tools/include/nolibc/arch-arm64.h | 3 + tools/include/nolibc/arch-loongarch.h | 3 + tools/include/nolibc/arch-m68k.h | 10 ++ tools/include/nolibc/arch-mips.h | 3 + tools/include/nolibc/arch-powerpc.h | 8 + tools/include/nolibc/arch-riscv.h | 3 + tools/include/nolibc/arch-s390.h | 8 +- tools/include/nolibc/arch-sh.h | 5 + tools/include/nolibc/arch-sparc.h | 47 ++++++ tools/include/nolibc/arch-x86.h | 13 ++ tools/include/nolibc/signal.h | 103 ++++++++++++ tools/include/nolibc/sys.h | 2 +- tools/include/nolibc/time.h | 3 +- tools/include/nolibc/types.h | 81 ++++++---- .../selftests/nolibc/nolibc-test-linkage.c | 17 +- tools/testing/selftests/nolibc/nolibc-test.c | 150 +++++++++++++++++- 17 files changed, 422 insertions(+), 44 deletions(-) -- 2.50.0

1 week, 1 day

3
12
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[PATCH 00/17] rust: replace `kernel::c_str!` with C-Strings

by Tamir Duberstein

This series depends on step 3[0] which depends on steps 2a[1] and 2b[2] which both depend on step 1[3]. This series also has a minor merge conflict with a small change[4] that was taken through driver-core-testing. This series is marked as depending on that change; as such it contains the post-conflict patch. Subsystem maintainers: I would appreciate your `Acked-by`s so that this can be taken through Miguel's tree (where the previous series must go). Link https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250710-cstr-core-v14-0-ca7e0ca82c82@gmail.com/ [0] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250709-core-cstr-fanout-1-v1-0-64308e7203fc@g… [1] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250709-core-cstr-fanout-1-v1-0-fd793b3e58a2@g… [2] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250704-core-cstr-prepare-v1-0-a91524037783@gm… [3] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250704-cstr-include-aux-v1-1-e1a404ae92ac@gma… [4] Signed-off-by: Tamir Duberstein <tamird(a)gmail.com> --- Tamir Duberstein (17): drivers: net: replace `kernel::c_str!` with C-Strings gpu: nova-core: replace `kernel::c_str!` with C-Strings rust: auxiliary: replace `kernel::c_str!` with C-Strings rust: clk: replace `kernel::c_str!` with C-Strings rust: configfs: replace `kernel::c_str!` with C-Strings rust: cpufreq: replace `kernel::c_str!` with C-Strings rust: device: replace `kernel::c_str!` with C-Strings rust: firmware: replace `kernel::c_str!` with C-Strings rust: kunit: replace `kernel::c_str!` with C-Strings rust: macros: replace `kernel::c_str!` with C-Strings rust: miscdevice: replace `kernel::c_str!` with C-Strings rust: net: replace `kernel::c_str!` with C-Strings rust: pci: replace `kernel::c_str!` with C-Strings rust: platform: replace `kernel::c_str!` with C-Strings rust: seq_file: replace `kernel::c_str!` with C-Strings rust: str: replace `kernel::c_str!` with C-Strings rust: sync: replace `kernel::c_str!` with C-Strings drivers/block/rnull.rs | 2 +- drivers/cpufreq/rcpufreq_dt.rs | 5 ++--- drivers/gpu/drm/nova/driver.rs | 10 +++++----- drivers/gpu/nova-core/driver.rs | 6 +++--- drivers/net/phy/ax88796b_rust.rs | 7 +++---- drivers/net/phy/qt2025.rs | 5 ++--- rust/kernel/clk.rs | 6 ++---- rust/kernel/configfs.rs | 5 ++--- rust/kernel/cpufreq.rs | 3 +-- rust/kernel/device.rs | 4 +--- rust/kernel/firmware.rs | 6 +++--- rust/kernel/kunit.rs | 11 ++++------- rust/kernel/net/phy.rs | 6 ++---- rust/kernel/platform.rs | 4 ++-- rust/kernel/seq_file.rs | 4 ++-- rust/kernel/str.rs | 5 ++--- rust/kernel/sync.rs | 5 ++--- rust/kernel/sync/completion.rs | 2 +- rust/kernel/workqueue.rs | 8 ++++---- rust/macros/kunit.rs | 10 +++++----- rust/macros/module.rs | 2 +- samples/rust/rust_configfs.rs | 5 ++--- samples/rust/rust_driver_auxiliary.rs | 4 ++-- samples/rust/rust_driver_faux.rs | 4 ++-- samples/rust/rust_driver_pci.rs | 4 ++-- samples/rust/rust_driver_platform.rs | 4 ++-- samples/rust/rust_misc_device.rs | 3 +-- scripts/rustdoc_test_gen.rs | 4 ++-- 28 files changed, 63 insertions(+), 81 deletions(-) --- base-commit: 769e324b66b0d92d04f315d0c45a0f72737c7494 change-id: 20250710-core-cstr-cstrings-1faaa632f0fd prerequisite-change-id: 20250704-core-cstr-prepare-9b9e6a7bd57e:v1 prerequisite-patch-id: 83b1239d1805f206711a5a936bbb61c83227d573 prerequisite-patch-id: a0355dd0efcc945b0565dc4e5a0f42b5a3d29c7e prerequisite-patch-id: 8585bf441cfab705181f5606c63483c2e88d25aa prerequisite-patch-id: 04ec344c0bc23f90dbeac10afe26df1a86ce53ec prerequisite-patch-id: a2fc6cd05fce6d6da8d401e9f8a905bb5c0b2f27 prerequisite-patch-id: f14c099c87562069f25fb7aea6d9aae4086c49a8 prerequisite-message-id: 20250709-core-cstr-fanout-1-v1-0-64308e7203fc(a)gmail.com prerequisite-patch-id: fa79c5d8fd2762b5e488ba017e13a5774d933f81 prerequisite-patch-id: c338aa49e1319e9e802de2ad8bb0fa688bce9d9c prerequisite-patch-id: 589a352ba7f7c9aefefd84dfd3b6b20e290b0d14 prerequisite-patch-id: 29fc25261295349f6747d1bb409cf18130e9aa69 prerequisite-patch-id: 3d89601bba1fb01d190b0ba415b28ad9cbf1e209 prerequisite-patch-id: 10923aebf24011b727f60496c0f9e0ad57e0a967 prerequisite-patch-id: 56583fd829951fb4fac843c6b1874c643b726de0 prerequisite-patch-id: 9a7e8ba460358985147efd347658be31fbc78ba2 prerequisite-patch-id: 5821a23334e317cd0351b8e4404b9e3b36b72d67 prerequisite-message-id: 20250709-core-cstr-fanout-1-v1-0-fd793b3e58a2(a)gmail.com prerequisite-patch-id: 0ccc3545ff9bf22a67b79a944705cef2fb9c2bbf prerequisite-patch-id: b1866166714606d5c11a4d7506abe4c2f86dac8d prerequisite-patch-id: 163b8ff1edaf8e48976fd5de3f64e68fc38c7277 prerequisite-patch-id: 8fee5e2daf0749362331dad4fc63d907a01b14e9 prerequisite-patch-id: 366ef1f93fb40b1d039768f2041ff79995e7e228 prerequisite-patch-id: 1d350291f9292f910081856d8f7d5e4d9545cfd1 prerequisite-patch-id: 9a6a60bd2b209126de64c16a77a3a1d229dd898c prerequisite-patch-id: 08ae5855768ec3b4c68272b86d2a0e0667c9aa47 prerequisite-patch-id: f15b54927660a03b52ffb34fb7943ac3228b7803 prerequisite-patch-id: f0dbf0a55a27fe8e199e242d1f79ea800d1ddb66 prerequisite-change-id: 20250201-cstr-core-d4b9b69120cf:v14 prerequisite-patch-id: 83b1239d1805f206711a5a936bbb61c83227d573 prerequisite-patch-id: a0355dd0efcc945b0565dc4e5a0f42b5a3d29c7e prerequisite-patch-id: 8585bf441cfab705181f5606c63483c2e88d25aa prerequisite-patch-id: 04ec344c0bc23f90dbeac10afe26df1a86ce53ec prerequisite-patch-id: a2fc6cd05fce6d6da8d401e9f8a905bb5c0b2f27 prerequisite-patch-id: f14c099c87562069f25fb7aea6d9aae4086c49a8 prerequisite-patch-id: 0ccc3545ff9bf22a67b79a944705cef2fb9c2bbf prerequisite-patch-id: b1866166714606d5c11a4d7506abe4c2f86dac8d prerequisite-patch-id: 163b8ff1edaf8e48976fd5de3f64e68fc38c7277 prerequisite-patch-id: 8fee5e2daf0749362331dad4fc63d907a01b14e9 prerequisite-patch-id: 366ef1f93fb40b1d039768f2041ff79995e7e228 prerequisite-patch-id: 1d350291f9292f910081856d8f7d5e4d9545cfd1 prerequisite-patch-id: 9a6a60bd2b209126de64c16a77a3a1d229dd898c prerequisite-patch-id: 08ae5855768ec3b4c68272b86d2a0e0667c9aa47 prerequisite-patch-id: f15b54927660a03b52ffb34fb7943ac3228b7803 prerequisite-patch-id: f0dbf0a55a27fe8e199e242d1f79ea800d1ddb66 prerequisite-patch-id: fa79c5d8fd2762b5e488ba017e13a5774d933f81 prerequisite-patch-id: c338aa49e1319e9e802de2ad8bb0fa688bce9d9c prerequisite-patch-id: 589a352ba7f7c9aefefd84dfd3b6b20e290b0d14 prerequisite-patch-id: 29fc25261295349f6747d1bb409cf18130e9aa69 prerequisite-patch-id: 3d89601bba1fb01d190b0ba415b28ad9cbf1e209 prerequisite-patch-id: 10923aebf24011b727f60496c0f9e0ad57e0a967 prerequisite-patch-id: 56583fd829951fb4fac843c6b1874c643b726de0 prerequisite-patch-id: 9a7e8ba460358985147efd347658be31fbc78ba2 prerequisite-patch-id: 5821a23334e317cd0351b8e4404b9e3b36b72d67 prerequisite-patch-id: 9c0a6624ed7b7e1d0373985c5c084a844e7c49ce prerequisite-patch-id: 6d8dbdf864f79fc0c2820e702a7cb87753649ca0 prerequisite-patch-id: 2bc4afce0104c13c0dd4d50923b0db2f5cd11129 prerequisite-change-id: 20250704-cstr-include-aux-7847969762a8:v1 prerequisite-patch-id: 1f79f64dd9b8a092ff039e6c7fad1430afb8ea25 Best regards, -- Tamir Duberstein <tamird(a)gmail.com>

1 week, 1 day

3
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[PATCH net-next v6 0/3] selftest: net: Add selftest for netpoll

by Breno Leitao

I am submitting a new selftest for the netpoll subsystem specifically targeting the case where the RX is polling in the TX path, which is a case that we don't have any test in the tree today. This is done when netpoll_poll_dev() called, and this test creates a scenario when that is probably. The test does the following: 1) Configuring a single RX/TX queue to increase contention on the interface. 2) Generating background traffic to saturate the network, mimicking real-world congestion. 3) Sending netconsole messages to trigger netpoll polling and monitor its behavior. 4) Using dynamic netconsole targets via configfs, with the ability to delete and recreate targets during the test. 5) Running bpftrace in parallel to verify that netpoll_poll_dev() is called when expected. If it is called, then the test passes, otherwise the test is marked as skipped. In order to achieve it, I stole Jakub's bpftrace helper from [1], and did some small changes that I found useful to use the helper. So, this patchset basically contains: 1) The code stolen from Jakub 2) Improvements on bpftrace() helper 3) The selftest itself Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250421222827.283737-22-kuba@kernel.org/ [1] --- Changes in v6: - Remove the network toggled (Jakub) - Set ringsize and queue size (Jakub) - Some other general improvements (Jakub) - Link to v5: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250709-netpoll_test-v5-0-b3737895affe@debian.org Changes in v5: - Rebased on top of net-next. - Calling bpftrace_stop using the defer helper. (Willem) - Link to v4: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250702-netpoll_test-v4-0-cec227e85639@debian.org Changes in v4: - Make the test XFail if it doesn't hit the function we are looking for - Toggle the interface while the traffic is flowing. - Bumped the number of messages from 10 to 40 per iterations. * This is hitting ~15 times per run on my vng test. - Decreased the time from 15 seconds to 10 seconds, given that if it didn't hit the function in 10 seconds, 5 seconds extra will not help. - Link to v3: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250627-netpoll_test-v3-0-575bd200c8a9@debian.org Changes in v3: - Make pylint happy (Simon) - Remove the unnecessary patch in bpftrace to raise an exception when it fails. (Jakub) - Improved the bpftrace code (Willem) - Stop sending messages if bpftrace is not alive anymore. - Link to v2: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250625-netpoll_test-v2-0-47d27775222c@debian.org Changes in v2: - Stole Jakub's helper to run bpftrace - Removed the DEBUG option and moved logs to logging - Change the code to have a higher chance of calling netpoll_poll_dev(). In my current configuration, it is hitting multiple times during the test. - Save and restore TX/RX queue size (Jakub) - Link to v1: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250620-netpoll_test-v1-1-5068832f72fc@debian.org --- Breno Leitao (2): selftests: drv-net: Strip '@' prefix from bpftrace map keys selftests: net: add netpoll basic functionality test Jakub Kicinski (1): selftests: drv-net: add helper/wrapper for bpftrace tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/Makefile | 1 + .../selftests/drivers/net/lib/py/__init__.py | 3 +- .../testing/selftests/drivers/net/netpoll_basic.py | 411 +++++++++++++++++++++ tools/testing/selftests/net/lib/py/utils.py | 35 ++ 4 files changed, 449 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) --- base-commit: 0f26870a989bf69957ed69d10c7ffc57ca5a7f52 change-id: 20250612-netpoll_test-a1324d2057c8 Best regards, -- Breno Leitao <leitao(a)debian.org>

1 week, 2 days

2
5
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[PATCH v22 net-next 0/6] DUALPI2 patch

by chia-yu.chang＠nokia-bell-labs.com

From: Chia-Yu Chang <chia-yu.chang(a)nokia-bell-labs.com> Hello, Please find the DualPI2 patch v22. This patch serise adds DualPI Improved with a Square (DualPI2) with following features: * Supports congestion controls that comply with the Prague requirements in RFC9331 (e.g. TCP-Prague) * Coupled dual-queue that separates the L4S traffic in a low latency queue (L-queue), without harming remaining traffic that is scheduled in classic queue (C-queue) due to congestion-coupling using PI2 as defined in RFC9332 * Configurable overload strategies * Use of sojourn time to reliably estimate queue delay * Supports ECN L4S-identifier (IP.ECN==0b*1) to classify traffic into respective queues For more details of DualPI2, please refer IETF RFC9332 (https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9332). Best regards, Chia-Yu --- v22 (11-Jul-2025) - Fix the issue when user provides an empty TCA_OPTIONS with no nested attributes (Paolo Abeni <pabeni(a)redhat.com>, Jakub Kicinski <kuba(a)kernel.org>) v21 (02-Jul-2025) - Replace STEP_THRESH and STEP_PACKETS with STEP_THRESH_PKTS and STEP_THRESH_US (Jakub Kicinski <kuba(a)kernel.org>) - Move READ_ONCE and WRITE_ONCE to later DualPI2 patches (Jakub Kicinski <kuba(a)kernel.org>) - Replace NLA_POLICY_FULL_RANGE with NLA_POLICY_RANGE (Jakub Kicinski <kuba(a)kernel.org>) - Set extra error message for dualpi2_change (Jakub Kicinski <kuba(a)kernel.org>) - Drop redundant else for better readability (Paolo Abeni <pabeni(a)redhat.com>) - Replace step-thresh and step-packets with step-thresh-pkts and step-thresh-us (Jakub Kicinski <kuba(a)kernel.org>) - Remove redundant name-prefix and simplify entries of dualpi2 enums (Jakub Kicinski <kuba(a)kernel.org>) - Fix some typos and format issues of dualpi2 attributes v20 (21-Jun-2025) - Add one more commit to fix warning and style check on tdc.sh reported by shellcheck - Remove double-prefixed of "tc_tc_dualpi2_attrs" in tc-user.h (Donald Hunter <donald.hunter(a)gmail.com>) v19 (14-Jun-2025) - Fix one typo in the comment of #1 (ALOK TIWARI <alok.a.tiwari(a)oracle.com>) - Update commit message of #4 (ALOK TIWARI <alok.a.tiwari(a)oracle.com>) - Wrap long lines of Documentation/netlink/specs/tc.yaml to within 80 characters (Jakub Kicinski <kuba(a)kernel.org>) v18 (13-Jun-2025) - Add the num of enum used by DualPI2 and fix name and name-prefix of DualPI2 enum and attribute - Replace from_timer() with timer_container_of() (Pedro Tammela <pctammela(a)mojatatu.com>) v17 (25-May-2025, Resent at 11-Jun-2025) - Replace 0xffffffff with U32_MAX (Paolo Abeni <pabeni(a)redhat.com>) - Use helper function qdisc_dequeue_internal() and add new helper function skb_apply_step() (Paolo Abeni <pabeni(a)redhat.com>) - Add s64 casting when calculating the delta of the PI controller (Paolo Abeni <pabeni(a)redhat.com>) - Change the drop reason into SKB_DROP_REASON_QDISC_CONGESTED for drop_early (Paolo Abeni <pabeni(a)redhat.com>) - Modify the condition to remove the original skb when enqueuing multiple GSO segments (Paolo Abeni <pabeni(a)redhat.com>) - Add READ_ONCE() in dualpi2_dump_stat() (Paolo Abeni <pabeni(a)redhat.com>) - Add comments, brackets, and brackets for readability (Paolo Abeni <pabeni(a)redhat.com>) v16 (16-MAy-2025) - Add qdisc_lock() to dualpi2_timer() in dualpi2_timer (Paolo Abeni <pabeni(a)redhat.com>) - Introduce convert_ns_to_usec() to convert usec to nsec without overflow in #1 (Paolo Abeni <pabeni(a)redhat.com>) - Update convert_us_tonsec() to convert nsec to usec without overflow in #2 (Paolo Abeni <pabeni(a)redhat.com>) - Add more descriptions with respect to DualPI2 in the cover ltter and add changelog in each patch (Paolo Abeni <pabeni(a)redhat.com>) v15 (09-May-2025) - Add enum of TCA_DUALPI2_ECN_MASK_CLA_ECT to remove potential leakeage in #1 (Simon Horman <horms(a)kernel.org>) - Fix one typo in comment of #2 - Update tc.yaml in #5 to aligh with the updated enum of pkt_sched.h v14 (05-May-2025) - Modify tc.yaml: (1) Replace flags with enum and remove enum-as-flags, (2) Remove credit-queue in xstats, and (3) Change attribute types (Donald Hunter <donald.hun - Add enum and fix the ordering of variables in pkt_sched.h to align with the modified tc.yaml (Donald Hunter <donald.hunter(a)gmail.com>) - Add validators for DROP_OVERLOAD, DROP_EARLY, ECN_MASK, and SPLIT_GSO in sch_dualpi2.c (Donald Hunter <donald.hunter(a)gmail.com>) - Update dualpi2.json to align with the updated variable order in pkt_sched.h - Reorder patches (Donald Hunter <donald.hunter(a)gmail.com>) v13 (26-Apr-2025) - Use dashes in member names to follow YNL conventions in tc.yaml (Donald Hunter <donald.hunter(a)gmail.com>) - Define enumerations separately for flags of drop-early, drop-overload, ecn-mask, credit-queue in tc.yaml (Donald Hunter <donald.hunter(a)gmail.com>) - Change the types of split-gso and step-packets into flag in tc.yaml (Donald Hunter <donald.hunter(a)gmail.com>) - Revert to u32/u8 types for tc-dualpi2-xstats members in tc.yaml (Donald Hunter <donald.hunter(a)gmail.com>) - Add new test cases in tc-tests/qdiscs/dualpi2.json to cover all dualpi2 parameters (Donald Hunter <donald.hunter(a)gmail.com>) - Change the type of TCA_DUALPI2_STEP_PACKETS into NLA_FLAG (Donald Hunter <donald.hunter(a)gmail.com>) v12 (22-Apr-2025) - Remove anonymous struct in sch_dualpi2.c (Paolo Abeni <pabeni(a)redhat.com>) - Replace u32/u8 with uint and s32 with int in tc spec document (Paolo Abeni <pabeni(a)redhat.com>) - Introduce get_memory_limit function to handle potential overflow when multipling limit with MTU (Paolo Abeni <pabeni(a)redhat.com>) - Double the packet length to further include packet overhead in memory_limit (Paolo Abeni <pabeni(a)redhat.com>) - Remove the check of qdisc_qlen(sch) when calling qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog (Paolo Abeni <pabeni(a)redhat.com>) v11 (15-Apr-2025) - Replace hstimer_init with hstimer_setup in sch_dualpi2.c v10 (25-Mar-2025) - Remove leftover include in include/linux/netdevice.h and anonymous struct in sch_dualpi2.c (Paolo Abeni <pabeni(a)redhat.com>) - Use kfree_skb_reason() and add SKB_DROP_REASON_DUALPI2_STEP_DROP drop reason (Paolo Abeni <pabeni(a)redhat.com>) - Split sch_dualpi2.c into 3 patches (and overall 5 patches): Struct definition & parsing, Dump stats & configuration, Enqueue/Dequeue (Paolo Abeni <pabeni(a)redhat.com>) v9 (16-Mar-2025) - Fix mem_usage error in previous version - Add min_qlen_step to the dualpi2 attribute as the minimum queue length in number of packets in the L-queue to start step threshold marking. In previous versions, this value was fixed to 2, so the step threshold was applied to mark packets in the L queue only when the queue length of the L queue was greater than or equal to 2 packets. This will cause larger queuing delays for L4S traffic at low rates (<20Mbps). So we parameterize it and change the default value to 0. Comparison of tcp_1down run 'HTB 20Mbit + DUALPI2 + 10ms base delay' Old versions: avg median # data pts Ping (ms) ICMP : 11.55 11.70 ms 350 TCP upload avg : 18.96 N/A Mbits/s 350 TCP upload sum : 18.96 N/A Mbits/s 350 New version (v9): avg median # data pts Ping (ms) ICMP : 10.81 10.70 ms 350 TCP upload avg : 18.91 N/A Mbits/s 350 TCP upload sum : 18.91 N/A Mbits/s 350 Comparison of tcp_1down run 'HTB 10Mbit + DUALPI2 + 10ms base delay' Old versions: avg median # data pts Ping (ms) ICMP : 12.61 12.80 ms 350 TCP upload avg : 9.48 N/A Mbits/s 350 TCP upload sum : 9.48 N/A Mbits/s 350 New version (v9): avg median # data pts Ping (ms) ICMP : 11.06 10.80 ms 350 TCP upload avg : 9.43 N/A Mbits/s 350 TCP upload sum : 9.43 N/A Mbits/s 350 Comparison of tcp_1down run 'HTB 10Mbit + DUALPI2 + 10ms base delay' Old versions: avg median # data pts Ping (ms) ICMP : 40.86 37.45 ms 350 TCP upload avg : 0.88 N/A Mbits/s 350 TCP upload sum : 0.88 N/A Mbits/s 350 TCP upload::1 : 0.88 0.97 Mbits/s 350 New version (v9): avg median # data pts Ping (ms) ICMP : 11.07 10.40 ms 350 TCP upload avg : 0.55 N/A Mbits/s 350 TCP upload sum : 0.55 N/A Mbits/s 350 TCP upload::1 : 0.55 0.59 Mbits/s 350 v8 (11-Mar-2025) - Fix warning messages in v7 v7 (07-Mar-2025) - Separate into 3 patches to avoid mixing changes of documentation, selftest, and code. (Cong Wang <xiyou.wangcong(a)gmail.com>) v6 (04-Mar-2025) - Add modprobe for dulapi2 in tc-testing script tc-testing/tdc.sh (Jakub Kicinski <kuba(a)kernel.org>) - Update test cases in dualpi2.json - Update commit message v5 (22-Feb-2025) - A comparison was done between MQ + DUALPI2, MQ + FQ_PIE, MQ + FQ_CODEL: Unshaped 1gigE with 4 download streams test: - Summary of tcp_4down run 'MQ + FQ_CODEL': avg median # data pts Ping (ms) ICMP : 1.19 1.34 ms 349 TCP download avg : 235.42 N/A Mbits/s 349 TCP download sum : 941.68 N/A Mbits/s 349 TCP download::1 : 235.19 235.39 Mbits/s 349 TCP download::2 : 235.03 235.35 Mbits/s 349 TCP download::3 : 236.89 235.44 Mbits/s 349 TCP download::4 : 234.57 235.19 Mbits/s 349 - Summary of tcp_4down run 'MQ + FQ_PIE' avg median # data pts Ping (ms) ICMP : 1.21 1.37 ms 350 TCP download avg : 235.42 N/A Mbits/s 350 TCP download sum : 941.61 N/A Mbits/s 350 TCP download::1 : 232.54 233.13 Mbits/s 350 TCP download::2 : 232.52 232.80 Mbits/s 350 TCP download::3 : 233.14 233.78 Mbits/s 350 TCP download::4 : 243.41 241.48 Mbits/s 350 - Summary of tcp_4down run 'MQ + DUALPI2' avg median # data pts Ping (ms) ICMP : 1.19 1.34 ms 349 TCP download avg : 235.42 N/A Mbits/s 349 TCP download sum : 941.68 N/A Mbits/s 349 TCP download::1 : 235.19 235.39 Mbits/s 349 TCP download::2 : 235.03 235.35 Mbits/s 349 TCP download::3 : 236.89 235.44 Mbits/s 349 TCP download::4 : 234.57 235.19 Mbits/s 349 Unshaped 1gigE with 128 download streams test: - Summary of tcp_128down run 'MQ + FQ_CODEL': avg median # data pts Ping (ms) ICMP : 1.88 1.86 ms 350 TCP download avg : 7.39 N/A Mbits/s 350 TCP download sum : 946.47 N/A Mbits/s 350 - Summary of tcp_128down run 'MQ + FQ_PIE': avg median # data pts Ping (ms) ICMP : 1.88 1.86 ms 350 TCP download avg : 7.39 N/A Mbits/s 350 TCP download sum : 946.47 N/A Mbits/s 350 - Summary of tcp_128down run 'MQ + DUALPI2': avg median # data pts Ping (ms) ICMP : 1.88 1.86 ms 350 TCP download avg : 7.39 N/A Mbits/s 350 TCP download sum : 946.47 N/A Mbits/s 350 Unshaped 10gigE with 4 download streams test: - Summary of tcp_4down run 'MQ + FQ_CODEL': avg median # data pts Ping (ms) ICMP : 0.22 0.23 ms 350 TCP download avg : 2354.08 N/A Mbits/s 350 TCP download sum : 9416.31 N/A Mbits/s 350 TCP download::1 : 2353.65 2352.81 Mbits/s 350 TCP download::2 : 2354.54 2354.21 Mbits/s 350 TCP download::3 : 2353.56 2353.78 Mbits/s 350 TCP download::4 : 2354.56 2354.45 Mbits/s 350 - Summary of tcp_4down run 'MQ + FQ_PIE': avg median # data pts Ping (ms) ICMP : 0.20 0.19 ms 350 TCP download avg : 2354.76 N/A Mbits/s 350 TCP download sum : 9419.04 N/A Mbits/s 350 TCP download::1 : 2354.77 2353.89 Mbits/s 350 TCP download::2 : 2353.41 2354.29 Mbits/s 350 TCP download::3 : 2356.18 2354.19 Mbits/s 350 TCP download::4 : 2354.68 2353.15 Mbits/s 350 - Summary of tcp_4down run 'MQ + DUALPI2': avg median # data pts Ping (ms) ICMP : 0.24 0.24 ms 350 TCP download avg : 2354.11 N/A Mbits/s 350 TCP download sum : 9416.43 N/A Mbits/s 350 TCP download::1 : 2354.75 2353.93 Mbits/s 350 TCP download::2 : 2353.15 2353.75 Mbits/s 350 TCP download::3 : 2353.49 2353.72 Mbits/s 350 TCP download::4 : 2355.04 2353.73 Mbits/s 350 Unshaped 10gigE with 128 download streams test: - Summary of tcp_128down run 'MQ + FQ_CODEL': avg median # data pts Ping (ms) ICMP : 7.57 8.69 ms 350 TCP download avg : 73.97 N/A Mbits/s 350 TCP download sum : 9467.82 N/A Mbits/s 350 - Summary of tcp_128down run 'MQ + FQ_PIE': avg median # data pts Ping (ms) ICMP : 7.82 8.91 ms 350 TCP download avg : 73.97 N/A Mbits/s 350 TCP download sum : 9468.42 N/A Mbits/s 350 - Summary of tcp_128down run 'MQ + DUALPI2': avg median # data pts Ping (ms) ICMP : 6.87 7.93 ms 350 TCP download avg : 73.95 N/A Mbits/s 350 TCP download sum : 9465.87 N/A Mbits/s 350 From the results shown above, we see small differences between combinations. - Update commit message to include results of no_split_gso and split_gso (Dave Taht <dave.taht(a)gmail.com> and Paolo Abeni <pabeni(a)redhat.com>) - Add memlimit in the dualpi2 attribute, and add memory_used, max_memory_used, memory_limit in dualpi2 stats (Dave Taht <dave.taht(a)gmail.com>) - Update note in sch_dualpi2.c related to BBRv3 status (Dave Taht <dave.taht(a)gmail.com>) - Update license identifier (Dave Taht <dave.taht(a)gmail.com>) - Add selftest in tools/testing/selftests/tc-testing (Cong Wang <xiyou.wangcong(a)gmail.com>) - Use netlink policies for parameter checks (Jamal Hadi Salim <jhs(a)mojatatu.com>) - Modify texts & fix typos in Documentation/netlink/specs/tc.yaml (Dave Taht <dave.taht(a)gmail.com>) - Add descriptions of packet counter statistics and the reset function of sch_dualpi2.c - Fix step_thresh in packets - Update code comments in sch_dualpi2.c v4 (22-Oct-2024) - Update statement in Kconfig for DualPI2 (Stephen Hemminger <stephen(a)networkplumber.org>) - Put a blank line after #define in sch_dualpi2.c (Stephen Hemminger <stephen(a)networkplumber.org>) - Fix line length warning. v3 (19-Oct-2024) - Fix compilaiton error - Update Documentation/netlink/specs/tc.yaml (Jakub Kicinski <kuba(a)kernel.org>) v2 (18-Oct-2024) - Add Documentation/netlink/specs/tc.yaml (Jakub Kicinski <kuba(a)kernel.org>) - Use dualpi2 instead of skb prefix (Jamal Hadi Salim <jhs(a)mojatatu.com>) - Replace nla_parse_nested_deprecated with nla_parse_nested (Jamal Hadi Salim <jhs(a)mojatatu.com>) - Fix line length warning --- Chia-Yu Chang (5): sched: Struct definition and parsing of dualpi2 qdisc sched: Dump configuration and statistics of dualpi2 qdisc selftests/tc-testing: Fix warning and style check on tdc.sh selftests/tc-testing: Add selftests for qdisc DualPI2 Documentation: netlink: specs: tc: Add DualPI2 specification Koen De Schepper (1): sched: Add enqueue/dequeue of dualpi2 qdisc Documentation/netlink/specs/tc.yaml | 151 ++- include/net/dropreason-core.h | 6 + include/uapi/linux/pkt_sched.h | 68 + net/sched/Kconfig | 12 + net/sched/Makefile | 1 + net/sched/sch_dualpi2.c | 1171 +++++++++++++++++ tools/testing/selftests/tc-testing/config | 1 + .../tc-testing/tc-tests/qdiscs/dualpi2.json | 254 ++++ tools/testing/selftests/tc-testing/tdc.sh | 6 +- 9 files changed, 1665 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) create mode 100644 net/sched/sch_dualpi2.c create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/tc-testing/tc-tests/qdiscs/dualpi2.json -- 2.34.1

1 week, 2 days

3
8
0 0

[PATCH net-next V3 0/4] selftests: drv-net: Test XDP native support

by Mohsin Bashir

This patch series add tests to validate XDP native support for PASS, DROP, ABORT, and TX actions, as well as headroom and tailroom adjustment. For adjustment tests, validate support for both the extension and shrinking cases across various packet sizes and offset values. The pass criteria for head/tail adjustment tests require that at-least one adjustment value works for at-least one packet size. This ensure that the variability in maximum supported head/tail adjustment offset across different drivers is being incorporated. The results reported in this series are based on fbnic. However, the series is tested against multiple other drivers including netdevism. Note: The XDP support for fbnic will be added later. --- Change-log: V3: P1: Remove exception handling upon xdp attachment failure for better debuggability P4: Handle the bound issue with the use of bpf_xdp_load_bytes() V2: https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/20250710184351.63797-1-mohsin.bashr@gmail.com V1: https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/20250709173707.3177206-1-mohsin.bashr@gmail.… Mohsin Bashir (4): selftests: drv-net: Test XDP_PASS/DROP support selftests: drv-net: Test XDP_TX support selftests: drv-net: Test tail-adjustment support selftests: drv-net: Test head-adjustment support tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/Makefile | 1 + tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/xdp.py | 656 ++++++++++++++++++ .../selftests/net/lib/xdp_native.bpf.c | 538 ++++++++++++++ 3 files changed, 1195 insertions(+) create mode 100755 tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/xdp.py create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/net/lib/xdp_native.bpf.c -- 2.47.1

1 week, 2 days

3
10
0 0

[PATCH 0/2] tools/nolibc: add x32 support

by Thomas Weißschuh

Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <linux(a)weissschuh.net> --- Thomas Weißschuh (2): tools/nolibc: define time_t in terms of __kernel_old_time_t selftests/nolibc: add x32 test configuration tools/include/nolibc/std.h | 4 +++- tools/testing/selftests/nolibc/Makefile.nolibc | 12 ++++++++++++ tools/testing/selftests/nolibc/run-tests.sh | 7 ++++++- 3 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) --- base-commit: 750aef513c610a37a13732ec64902428b839715e change-id: 20250712-nolibc-x32-796a9da4c9ed Best regards, -- Thomas Weißschuh <linux(a)weissschuh.net>

1 week, 2 days

2
3
0 0

[PATCH v2 0/4] HID: core: fix __hid_request when no report ID is used

by Benjamin Tissoires

New version (unchanged for patches 1-3), with a test added so we can detect this. Followup of https://lore.kernel.org/linux-input/c75433e0-9b47-4072-bbe8-b1d14ea97b13@ro… This initial series attempt at fixing the various bugs discovered by Alan regarding __hid_request(). Syzbot managed to create a report descriptor which presents a feature request of size 0 (still trying to extract it) and this exposed the fact that __hid_request() was incorrectly handling the case when the report ID is not used. Send a first batch of fixes now so we get the feedback from syzbot ASAP. Note: in the series, I also mentioned that the report of size 0 should be stripped out of the HID device, but I'm not entirely sure this would be a good idea in the end. Signed-off-by: Benjamin Tissoires <bentiss(a)kernel.org> --- Changes in v2: - added Tested-by from syzbot (https://lore.kernel.org/r/686e9113.050a0220.385921.0008.GAE@google.com) - added a python test for it - Link to v1: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250709-report-size-null-v1-0-194912215cbc@kerne… --- Benjamin Tissoires (4): HID: core: ensure the allocated report buffer can contain the reserved report ID HID: core: ensure __hid_request reserves the report ID as the first byte HID: core: do not bypass hid_hw_raw_request selftests/hid: add a test case for the recent syzbot underflow drivers/hid/hid-core.c | 19 +++++-- tools/testing/selftests/hid/tests/test_mouse.py | 70 +++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 84 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) --- base-commit: 1f988d0788f50d8464f957e793fab356e2937369 change-id: 20250709-report-size-null-37619ea20288 Best regards, -- Benjamin Tissoires <bentiss(a)kernel.org>

1 week, 3 days

1
7
0 0

[PATCH v4 00/15] kunit: Introduce UAPI testing framework

by Thomas Weißschuh

Currently testing of userspace and in-kernel API use two different frameworks. kselftests for the userspace ones and Kunit for the in-kernel ones. Besides their different scopes, both have different strengths and limitations: Kunit: * Tests are normal kernel code. * They use the regular kernel toolchain. * They can be packaged and distributed as modules conveniently. Kselftests: * Tests are normal userspace code * They need a userspace toolchain. A kernel cross toolchain is likely not enough. * A fair amout of userland is required to run the tests, which means a full distro or handcrafted rootfs. * There is no way to conveniently package and run kselftests with a given kernel image. * The kselftests makefiles are not as powerful as regular kbuild. For example they are missing proper header dependency tracking or more complex compiler option modifications. Therefore kunit is much easier to run against different kernel configurations and architectures. This series aims to combine kselftests and kunit, avoiding both their limitations. It works by compiling the userspace kselftests as part of the regular kernel build, embedding them into the kunit kernel or module and executing them from there. If the kernel toolchain is not fit to produce userspace because of a missing libc, the kernel's own nolibc can be used instead. The structured TAP output from the kselftest is integrated into the kunit KTAP output transparently, the kunit parser can parse the combined logs together. Further room for improvements: * Call each test in its completely dedicated namespace * Handle additional test files besides the test executable through archives. CPIO, cramfs, etc. * Compatibility with kselftest_harness.h (in progress) * Expose the blobs in debugfs * Provide some convience wrappers around compat userprogs * Figure out a migration path/coexistence solution for kunit UAPI and tools/testing/selftests/ Output from the kunit example testcase, note the output of "example_uapi_tests". $ ./tools/testing/kunit/kunit.py run --kunitconfig lib/kunit example ... Running tests with: $ .kunit/linux kunit.filter_glob=example kunit.enable=1 mem=1G console=tty kunit_shutdown=halt [11:53:53] ================== example (10 subtests) =================== [11:53:53] [PASSED] example_simple_test [11:53:53] [SKIPPED] example_skip_test [11:53:53] [SKIPPED] example_mark_skipped_test [11:53:53] [PASSED] example_all_expect_macros_test [11:53:53] [PASSED] example_static_stub_test [11:53:53] [PASSED] example_static_stub_using_fn_ptr_test [11:53:53] [PASSED] example_priv_test [11:53:53] =================== example_params_test =================== [11:53:53] [SKIPPED] example value 3 [11:53:53] [PASSED] example value 2 [11:53:53] [PASSED] example value 1 [11:53:53] [SKIPPED] example value 0 [11:53:53] =============== [PASSED] example_params_test =============== [11:53:53] [PASSED] example_slow_test [11:53:53] ======================= (4 subtests) ======================= [11:53:53] [PASSED] procfs [11:53:53] [PASSED] userspace test 2 [11:53:53] [SKIPPED] userspace test 3: some reason [11:53:53] [PASSED] userspace test 4 [11:53:53] ================ [PASSED] example_uapi_test ================ [11:53:53] ===================== [PASSED] example ===================== [11:53:53] ============================================================ [11:53:53] Testing complete. Ran 16 tests: passed: 11, skipped: 5 [11:53:53] Elapsed time: 67.543s total, 1.823s configuring, 65.655s building, 0.058s running Based on v6.16-rc1. Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <thomas.weissschuh(a)linutronix.de> --- Changes in v4: - Move Kconfig.nolibc from tools/ to init/ - Drop generic userprogs nolibc integration - Drop generic blob framework - Pick up review tags from David - Extend new kunit TAP parser tests - Add MAINTAINERS entry - Allow CONFIG_KUNIT_UAPI=m - Split /proc validation into dedicated UAPI test - Trim recipient list a bit - Use KUNIT_FAIL_AND_ABORT() over KUNIT_FAIL() - Link to v3: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250611-kunit-kselftests-v3-0-55e3d148cbc6@linut… Changes in v3: - Reintroduce CONFIG_CC_CAN_LINK_STATIC - Enable CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_NOLIBC for m68k and SPARC - Properly handle 'clean' target for userprogs - Use ramfs over tmpfs to reduce dependencies - Inherit userprogs byte order and ABI from kernel - Drop now unnecessary "#ifndef NOLIBC" - Pick up review tags - Drop usage of __private in blob.h, sparse complains and it is not really necessary - Fix execution on loongarch when using clang - Drop userprogs libgcc handling, it was ugly and is not yet necessary - Link to v2: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250407-kunit-kselftests-v2-0-454114e287fd@linut… Changes in v2: - Rebase onto v6.15-rc1 - Add documentation and kernel docs - Resolve invalid kconfig breakages - Drop already applied patch "kbuild: implement CONFIG_HEADERS_INSTALL for Usermode Linux" - Drop userprogs CONFIG_WERROR integration, it doesn't need to be part of this series - Replace patch prefix "kconfig" with "kbuild" - Rename kunit_uapi_run_executable() to kunit_uapi_run_kselftest() - Generate private, conflict-free symbols in the blob framework - Handle kselftest exit codes - Handle SIGABRT - Forward output also to kunit debugfs log - Install a fd=0 stdin filedescriptor - Link to v1: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250217-kunit-kselftests-v1-0-42b4524c3b0a@linut… --- Thomas Weißschuh (15): kbuild: userprogs: avoid duplication of flags inherited from kernel kbuild: userprogs: also inherit byte order and ABI from kernel kbuild: doc: add label for userprogs section init: re-add CONFIG_CC_CAN_LINK_STATIC init: add nolibc build support fs,fork,exit: export symbols necessary for KUnit UAPI support kunit: tool: Add test for nested test result reporting kunit: tool: Don't overwrite test status based on subtest counts kunit: tool: Parse skipped tests from kselftest.h kunit: Always descend into kunit directory during build kunit: qemu_configs: loongarch: Enable LSX/LSAX kunit: Introduce UAPI testing framework kunit: uapi: Add example for UAPI tests kunit: uapi: Introduce preinit executable kunit: uapi: Validate usability of /proc Documentation/dev-tools/kunit/api/index.rst | 5 + Documentation/dev-tools/kunit/api/uapi.rst | 14 + Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.rst | 2 + MAINTAINERS | 11 + Makefile | 7 +- fs/exec.c | 2 + fs/file.c | 1 + fs/filesystems.c | 2 + fs/fs_struct.c | 1 + fs/pipe.c | 2 + include/kunit/uapi.h | 77 ++++++ init/Kconfig | 7 + init/Kconfig.nolibc | 15 + init/Makefile.nolibc | 13 + kernel/exit.c | 3 + kernel/fork.c | 2 + lib/Makefile | 4 - lib/kunit/Kconfig | 14 + lib/kunit/Makefile | 27 +- lib/kunit/kunit-example-test.c | 15 + lib/kunit/kunit-example-uapi.c | 22 ++ lib/kunit/kunit-test-uapi.c | 51 ++++ lib/kunit/kunit-test.c | 23 +- lib/kunit/kunit-uapi.c | 305 +++++++++++++++++++++ lib/kunit/uapi-preinit.c | 63 +++++ tools/testing/kunit/kunit_parser.py | 13 +- tools/testing/kunit/kunit_tool_test.py | 11 + tools/testing/kunit/qemu_configs/loongarch.py | 2 + .../test_is_test_passed-failure-nested.log | 10 + .../test_data/test_is_test_passed-kselftest.log | 3 +- 30 files changed, 714 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-) --- base-commit: 9d5898b413d17510b2a41664a42390a2c79f8bf4 change-id: 20241015-kunit-kselftests-56273bc40442 Best regards, -- Thomas Weißschuh <thomas.weissschuh(a)linutronix.de>

1 week, 4 days

7
37
0 0

[PATCH net-next v5 0/3] selftest: net: Add selftest for netpoll

by Breno Leitao

I am submitting a new selftest for the netpoll subsystem specifically targeting the case where the RX is polling in the TX path, which is a case that we don't have any test in the tree today. This is done when netpoll_poll_dev() called, and this test creates a scenario when that is probably. The test does the following: 1) Configuring a single RX/TX queue to increase contention on the interface. 2) Generating background traffic to saturate the network, mimicking real-world congestion. 3) Sending netconsole messages to trigger netpoll polling and monitor its behavior. 4) Using dynamic netconsole targets via configfs, with the ability to delete and recreate targets during the test. 5) Running bpftrace in parallel to verify that netpoll_poll_dev() is called when expected. If it is called, then the test passes, otherwise the test is marked as skipped. In order to achieve it, I stole Jakub's bpftrace helper from [1], and did some small changes that I found useful to use the helper. So, this patchset basically contains: 1) The code stolen from Jakub 2) Improvements on bpftrace() helper 3) The selftest itself Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250421222827.283737-22-kuba@kernel.org/ [1] --- Changes in v5: - Rebased on top of net-next. - Calling bpftrace_stop using the defer helper. (Willem) - Link to v4: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250702-netpoll_test-v4-0-cec227e85639@debian.org Changes in v4: - Make the test XFail if it doesn't hit the function we are looking for - Toggle the interface while the traffic is flowing. - Bumped the number of messages from 10 to 40 per iterations. * This is hitting ~15 times per run on my vng test. - Decreased the time from 15 seconds to 10 seconds, given that if it didn't hit the function in 10 seconds, 5 seconds extra will not help. - Link to v3: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250627-netpoll_test-v3-0-575bd200c8a9@debian.org Changes in v3: - Make pylint happy (Simon) - Remove the unnecessary patch in bpftrace to raise an exception when it fails. (Jakub) - Improved the bpftrace code (Willem) - Stop sending messages if bpftrace is not alive anymore. - Link to v2: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250625-netpoll_test-v2-0-47d27775222c@debian.org Changes in v2: - Stole Jakub's helper to run bpftrace - Removed the DEBUG option and moved logs to logging - Change the code to have a higher chance of calling netpoll_poll_dev(). In my current configuration, it is hitting multiple times during the test. - Save and restore TX/RX queue size (Jakub) - Link to v1: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250620-netpoll_test-v1-1-5068832f72fc@debian.org --- Breno Leitao (2): selftests: drv-net: Strip '@' prefix from bpftrace map keys selftests: net: add netpoll basic functionality test Jakub Kicinski (1): selftests: drv-net: add helper/wrapper for bpftrace tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/Makefile | 1 + .../selftests/drivers/net/lib/py/__init__.py | 3 +- .../testing/selftests/drivers/net/netpoll_basic.py | 366 +++++++++++++++++++++ tools/testing/selftests/net/lib/py/utils.py | 35 ++ 4 files changed, 404 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) --- base-commit: 0234362d0af4649bc2ff745e94d06d0c6f0a46ce change-id: 20250612-netpoll_test-a1324d2057c8 Best regards, -- Breno Leitao <leitao(a)debian.org>

1 week, 4 days

2
6
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[PATCH v18 00/27] riscv control-flow integrity for usermode

by Deepak Gupta

Basics and overview =================== Software with larger attack surfaces (e.g. network facing apps like databases, browsers or apps relying on browser runtimes) suffer from memory corruption issues which can be utilized by attackers to bend control flow of the program to eventually gain control (by making their payload executable). Attackers are able to perform such attacks by leveraging call-sites which rely on indirect calls or return sites which rely on obtaining return address from stack memory. To mitigate such attacks, risc-v extension zicfilp enforces that all indirect calls must land on a landing pad instruction `lpad` else cpu will raise software check exception (a new cpu exception cause code on riscv). Similarly for return flow, risc-v extension zicfiss extends architecture with - `sspush` instruction to push return address on a shadow stack - `sspopchk` instruction to pop return address from shadow stack and compare with input operand (i.e. return address on stack) - `sspopchk` to raise software check exception if comparision above was a mismatch - Protection mechanism using which shadow stack is not writeable via regular store instructions More information an details can be found at extensions github repo [1]. Equivalent to landing pad (zicfilp) on x86 is `ENDBRANCH` instruction in Intel CET [3] and branch target identification (BTI) [4] on arm. Similarly x86's Intel CET has shadow stack [5] and arm64 has guarded control stack (GCS) [6] which are very similar to risc-v's zicfiss shadow stack. x86 and arm64 support for user mode shadow stack is already in mainline. Kernel awareness for user control flow integrity ================================================ This series picks up Samuel Holland's envcfg changes [2] as well. So if those are being applied independently, they should be removed from this series. Enabling: In order to maintain compatibility and not break anything in user mode, kernel doesn't enable control flow integrity cpu extensions on binary by default. Instead exposes a prctl interface to enable, disable and lock the shadow stack or landing pad feature for a task. This allows userspace (loader) to enumerate if all objects in its address space are compiled with shadow stack and landing pad support and accordingly enable the feature. Additionally if a subsequent `dlopen` happens on a library, user mode can take a decision again to disable the feature (if incoming library is not compiled with support) OR terminate the task (if user mode policy is strict to have all objects in address space to be compiled with control flow integirty cpu feature). prctl to enable shadow stack results in allocating shadow stack from virtual memory and activating for user address space. x86 and arm64 are also following same direction due to similar reason(s). clone/fork: On clone and fork, cfi state for task is inherited by child. Shadow stack is part of virtual memory and is a writeable memory from kernel perspective (writeable via a restricted set of instructions aka shadow stack instructions) Thus kernel changes ensure that this memory is converted into read-only when fork/clone happens and COWed when fault is taken due to sspush, sspopchk or ssamoswap. In case `CLONE_VM` is specified and shadow stack is to be enabled, kernel will automatically allocate a shadow stack for that clone call. map_shadow_stack: x86 introduced `map_shadow_stack` system call to allow user space to explicitly map shadow stack memory in its address space. It is useful to allocate shadow for different contexts managed by a single thread (green threads or contexts) risc-v implements this system call as well. signal management: If shadow stack is enabled for a task, kernel performs an asynchronous control flow diversion to deliver the signal and eventually expects userspace to issue sigreturn so that original execution can be resumed. Even though resume context is prepared by kernel, it is in user space memory and is subject to memory corruption and corruption bugs can be utilized by attacker in this race window to perform arbitrary sigreturn and eventually bypass cfi mechanism. Another issue is how to ensure that cfi related state on sigcontext area is not trampled by legacy apps or apps compiled with old kernel headers. In order to mitigate control-flow hijacting, kernel prepares a token and place it on shadow stack before signal delivery and places address of token in sigcontext structure. During sigreturn, kernel obtains address of token from sigcontext struture, reads token from shadow stack and validates it and only then allow sigreturn to succeed. Compatiblity issue is solved by adopting dynamic sigcontext management introduced for vector extension. This series re-factor the code little bit to allow future sigcontext management easy (as proposed by Andy Chiu from SiFive) config and compilation: Introduce a new risc-v config option `CONFIG_RISCV_USER_CFI`. Selecting this config option picks the kernel support for user control flow integrity. This optin is presented only if toolchain has shadow stack and landing pad support. And is on purpose guarded by toolchain support. Reason being that eventually vDSO also needs to be compiled in with shadow stack and landing pad support. vDSO compile patches are not included as of now because landing pad labeling scheme is yet to settle for usermode runtime. To get more information on kernel interactions with respect to zicfilp and zicfiss, patch series adds documentation for `zicfilp` and `zicfiss` in following: Documentation/arch/riscv/zicfiss.rst Documentation/arch/riscv/zicfilp.rst How to test this series ======================= Toolchain --------- $ git clone git@github.com:sifive/riscv-gnu-toolchain.git -b cfi-dev $ riscv-gnu-toolchain/configure --prefix=<path-to-where-to-build> --with-arch=rv64gc_zicfilp_zicfiss --enable-linux --disable-gdb --with-extra-multilib-test="rv64gc_zicfilp_zicfiss-lp64d:-static" $ make -j$(nproc) Qemu ---- Get the lastest qemu $ cd qemu $ mkdir build $ cd build $ ../configure --target-list=riscv64-softmmu $ make -j$(nproc) Opensbi ------- $ git clone git@github.com:deepak0414/opensbi.git -b v6_cfi_spec_split_opensbi $ make CROSS_COMPILE=<your riscv toolchain> -j$(nproc) PLATFORM=generic Linux ----- Running defconfig is fine. CFI is enabled by default if the toolchain supports it. $ make ARCH=riscv CROSS_COMPILE=<path-to-cfi-riscv-gnu-toolchain>/build/bin/riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu- -j$(nproc) defconfig $ make ARCH=riscv CROSS_COMPILE=<path-to-cfi-riscv-gnu-toolchain>/build/bin/riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu- -j$(nproc) In case you're building your own rootfs using toolchain, please make sure you pick following patch to ensure that vDSO compiled with lpad and shadow stack. "arch/riscv: compile vdso with landing pad" Branch where above patch can be picked https://github.com/deepak0414/linux-riscv-cfi/tree/vdso_user_cfi_v6.12-rc1 Running ------- Modify your qemu command to have: -bios <path-to-cfi-opensbi>/build/platform/generic/firmware/fw_dynamic.bin -cpu rv64,zicfilp=true,zicfiss=true,zimop=true,zcmop=true vDSO related Opens (in the flux) ================================= I am listing these opens for laying out plan and what to expect in future patch sets. And of course for the sake of discussion. Shadow stack and landing pad enabling in vDSO ---------------------------------------------- vDSO must have shadow stack and landing pad support compiled in for task to have shadow stack and landing pad support. This patch series doesn't enable that (yet). Enabling shadow stack support in vDSO should be straight forward (intend to do that in next versions of patch set). Enabling landing pad support in vDSO requires some collaboration with toolchain folks to follow a single label scheme for all object binaries. This is necessary to ensure that all indirect call-sites are setting correct label and target landing pads are decorated with same label scheme. How many vDSOs --------------- Shadow stack instructions are carved out of zimop (may be operations) and if CPU doesn't implement zimop, they're illegal instructions. Kernel could be running on a CPU which may or may not implement zimop. And thus kernel will have to carry 2 different vDSOs and expose the appropriate one depending on whether CPU implements zimop or not. References ========== [1] - https://github.com/riscv/riscv-cfi [2] - https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240814081126.956287-1-samuel.holland@sifive.c… [3] - https://lwn.net/Articles/889475/ [4] - https://developer.arm.com/documentation/109576/0100/Branch-Target-Identific… [5] - https://www.intel.com/content/dam/develop/external/us/en/documents/catc17-i… [6] - https://lwn.net/Articles/940403/ To: Thomas Gleixner <tglx(a)linutronix.de> To: Ingo Molnar <mingo(a)redhat.com> To: Borislav Petkov <bp(a)alien8.de> To: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen(a)linux.intel.com> To: x86(a)kernel.org To: H. Peter Anvin <hpa(a)zytor.com> To: Andrew Morton <akpm(a)linux-foundation.org> To: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett(a)oracle.com> To: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka(a)suse.cz> To: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes(a)oracle.com> To: Paul Walmsley <paul.walmsley(a)sifive.com> To: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer(a)dabbelt.com> To: Albert Ou <aou(a)eecs.berkeley.edu> To: Conor Dooley <conor(a)kernel.org> To: Rob Herring <robh(a)kernel.org> To: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzk+dt(a)kernel.org> To: Arnd Bergmann <arnd(a)arndb.de> To: Christian Brauner <brauner(a)kernel.org> To: Peter Zijlstra <peterz(a)infradead.org> To: Oleg Nesterov <oleg(a)redhat.com> To: Eric Biederman <ebiederm(a)xmission.com> To: Kees Cook <kees(a)kernel.org> To: Jonathan Corbet <corbet(a)lwn.net> To: Shuah Khan <shuah(a)kernel.org> To: Jann Horn <jannh(a)google.com> To: Conor Dooley <conor+dt(a)kernel.org> To: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda(a)kernel.org> To: Alex Gaynor <alex.gaynor(a)gmail.com> To: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng(a)gmail.com> To: Gary Guo <gary(a)garyguo.net> To: Björn Roy Baron <bjorn3_gh(a)protonmail.com> To: Benno Lossin <benno.lossin(a)proton.me> To: Andreas Hindborg <a.hindborg(a)kernel.org> To: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl(a)google.com> To: Trevor Gross <tmgross(a)umich.edu> Cc: linux-kernel(a)vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-fsdevel(a)vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-mm(a)kvack.org Cc: linux-riscv(a)lists.infradead.org Cc: devicetree(a)vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-arch(a)vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-doc(a)vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-kselftest(a)vger.kernel.org Cc: alistair.francis(a)wdc.com Cc: richard.henderson(a)linaro.org Cc: jim.shu(a)sifive.com Cc: andybnac(a)gmail.com Cc: kito.cheng(a)sifive.com Cc: charlie(a)rivosinc.com Cc: atishp(a)rivosinc.com Cc: evan(a)rivosinc.com Cc: cleger(a)rivosinc.com Cc: alexghiti(a)rivosinc.com Cc: samitolvanen(a)google.com Cc: broonie(a)kernel.org Cc: rick.p.edgecombe(a)intel.com Cc: rust-for-linux(a)vger.kernel.org changelog --------- v18: - rebased on 6.16-rc1 - uprobe handling clears ELP in sstatus image in pt_regs - vdso was missing shadow stack elf note for object files. added that. Additional asm file for vdso needed the elf marker flag. toolchain should complain if `-fcf-protection=full` and marker is missing for object generated from asm file. Asked toolchain folks to fix this. Although no reason to gate the merge on that. - Split up compile options for march and fcf-protection in vdso Makefile - CONFIG_RISCV_USER_CFI option is moved under "Kernel features" menu Added `arch/riscv/configs/hardening.config` fragment which selects CONFIG_RISCV_USER_CFI v17: - fixed warnings due to empty macros in usercfi.h (reported by alexg) - fixed prefixes in commit titles reported by alexg - took below uprobe with fcfi v2 patch from Zong Li and squashed it with "riscv/traps: Introduce software check exception and uprobe handling" https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250604093403.10916-1-zong.li@sifive.com/ v16: - If FWFT is not implemented or returns error for shadow stack activation, then no_usercfi is set to disable shadow stack. Although this should be picked up by extension validation and activation. Fixed this bug for zicfilp and zicfiss both. Thanks to Charlie Jenkins for reporting this. - If toolchain doesn't support cfi, cfi kselftest shouldn't build. Suggested by Charlie Jenkins. - Default for CONFIG_RISCV_USER_CFI is set to no. Charlie/Atish suggested to keep it off till we have more hardware availibility with RVA23 profile and zimop/zcmop implemented. Else this will start breaking people's workflow - Includes the fix if "!RV64 and !SBI" then definitions for FWFT in asm-offsets.c error. v15: - Toolchain has been updated to include `-fcf-protection` flag. This exists for x86 as well. Updated kernel patches to compile vDSO and selftest to compile with `fcf-protection=full` flag. - selecting CONFIG_RISCV_USERCFI selects CONFIG_RISCV_SBI. - Patch to enable shadow stack for kernel wasn't hidden behind CONFIG_RISCV_USERCFI and CONFIG_RISCV_SBI. fixed that. v14: - rebased on top of palmer/sbi-v3. Thus dropped clement's FWFT patches Updated RISCV_ISA_EXT_XXXX in hwcap and hwprobe constants. - Took Radim's suggestions on bitfields. - Placed cfi_state at the end of thread_info block so that current situation is not disturbed with respect to member fields of thread_info in single cacheline. v13: - cpu_supports_shadow_stack/cpu_supports_indirect_br_lp_instr uses riscv_has_extension_unlikely() - uses nops(count) to create nop slide - RISCV_ACQUIRE_BARRIER is not needed in `amo_user_shstk`. Removed it - changed ternaries to simply use implicit casting to convert to bool. - kernel command line allows to disable zicfilp and zicfiss independently. updated kernel-parameters.txt. - ptrace user abi for cfi uses bitmasks instead of bitfields. Added ptrace kselftest. - cosmetic and grammatical changes to documentation. v12: - It seems like I had accidently squashed arch agnostic indirect branch tracking prctl and riscv implementation of those prctls. Split them again. - set_shstk_status/set_indir_lp_status perform CSR writes only when CPU support is available. As suggested by Zong Li. - Some minor clean up in kselftests as suggested by Zong Li. v11: - patch "arch/riscv: compile vdso with landing pad" was unconditionally selecting `_zicfilp` for vDSO compile. fixed that. Changed `lpad 1` to to `lpad 0`. v10: - dropped "mm: helper `is_shadow_stack_vma` to check shadow stack vma". This patch is not that interesting to this patch series for risc-v. There are instances in arch directories where VM_SHADOW_STACK flag is anyways used. Dropping this patch to expedite merging in riscv tree. - Took suggestions from `Clement` on "riscv: zicfiss / zicfilp enumeration" to validate presence of cfi based on config. - Added a patch for vDSO to have `lpad 0`. I had omitted this earlier to make sure we add single vdso object with cfi enabled. But a vdso object with scheme of zero labeled landing pad is least common denominator and should work with all objects of zero labeled as well as function-signature labeled objects. v9: - rebased on master (39a803b754d5 fix braino in "9p: fix ->rename_sem exclusion") - dropped "mm: Introduce ARCH_HAS_USER_SHADOW_STACK" (master has it from arm64/gcs) - dropped "prctl: arch-agnostic prctl for shadow stack" (master has it from arm64/gcs) v8: - rebased on palmer/for-next - dropped samuel holland's `envcfg` context switch patches. they are in parlmer/for-next v7: - Removed "riscv/Kconfig: enable HAVE_EXIT_THREAD for riscv" Instead using `deactivate_mm` flow to clean up. see here for more context https://lore.kernel.org/all/20230908203655.543765-1-rick.p.edgecombe@intel.… - Changed the header include in `kselftest`. Hopefully this fixes compile issue faced by Zong Li at SiFive. - Cleaned up an orphaned change to `mm/mmap.c` in below patch "riscv/mm : ensure PROT_WRITE leads to VM_READ | VM_WRITE" - Lock interfaces for shadow stack and indirect branch tracking expect arg == 0 Any future evolution of this interface should accordingly define how arg should be setup. - `mm/map.c` has an instance of using `VM_SHADOW_STACK`. Fixed it to use helper `is_shadow_stack_vma`. - Link to v6: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241008-v5_user_cfi_series-v6-0-60d9fe073f37@riv… v6: - Picked up Samuel Holland's changes as is with `envcfg` placed in `thread` instead of `thread_info` - fixed unaligned newline escapes in kselftest - cleaned up messages in kselftest and included test output in commit message - fixed a bug in clone path reported by Zong Li - fixed a build issue if CONFIG_RISCV_ISA_V is not selected (this was introduced due to re-factoring signal context management code) v5: - rebased on v6.12-rc1 - Fixed schema related issues in device tree file - Fixed some of the documentation related issues in zicfilp/ss.rst (style issues and added index) - added `SHADOW_STACK_SET_MARKER` so that implementation can define base of shadow stack. - Fixed warnings on definitions added in usercfi.h when CONFIG_RISCV_USER_CFI is not selected. - Adopted context header based signal handling as proposed by Andy Chiu - Added support for enabling kernel mode access to shadow stack using FWFT (https://github.com/riscv-non-isa/riscv-sbi-doc/blob/master/src/ext-firmware…) - Link to v5: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241001-v5_user_cfi_series-v1-0-3ba65b6e550f@riv… (Note: I had an issue in my workflow due to which version number wasn't picked up correctly while sending out patches) v4: - rebased on 6.11-rc6 - envcfg: Converged with Samuel Holland's patches for envcfg management on per- thread basis. - vma_is_shadow_stack is renamed to is_vma_shadow_stack - picked up Mark Brown's `ARCH_HAS_USER_SHADOW_STACK` patch - signal context: using extended context management to maintain compatibility. - fixed `-Wmissing-prototypes` compiler warnings for prctl functions - Documentation fixes and amending typos. - Link to v4: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240912231650.3740732-1-debug@rivosinc.com/ v3: - envcfg logic to pick up base envcfg had a bug where `ENVCFG_CBZE` could have been picked on per task basis, even though CPU didn't implement it. Fixed in this series. - dt-bindings As suggested, split into separate commit. fixed the messaging that spec is in public review - arch_is_shadow_stack change arch_is_shadow_stack changed to vma_is_shadow_stack - hwprobe zicfiss / zicfilp if present will get enumerated in hwprobe - selftests As suggested, added object and binary filenames to .gitignore Selftest binary anyways need to be compiled with cfi enabled compiler which will make sure that landing pad and shadow stack are enabled. Thus removed separate enable/disable tests. Cleaned up tests a bit. - Link to v3: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20240403234054.2020347-1-debug@rivosinc.com/ v2: - Using config `CONFIG_RISCV_USER_CFI`, kernel support for riscv control flow integrity for user mode programs can be compiled in the kernel. - Enabling of control flow integrity for user programs is left to user runtime - This patch series introduces arch agnostic `prctls` to enable shadow stack and indirect branch tracking. And implements them on riscv. --- Changes in v18: - Link to v17: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250604-v5_user_cfi_series-v17-0-4565c2cf869f@ri… Changes in v17: - Link to v16: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250522-v5_user_cfi_series-v16-0-64f61a35eee7@ri… Changes in v16: - Link to v15: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250502-v5_user_cfi_series-v15-0-914966471885@ri… Changes in v15: - changelog posted just below cover letter - Link to v14: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250429-v5_user_cfi_series-v14-0-5239410d012a@ri… Changes in v14: - changelog posted just below cover letter - Link to v13: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250424-v5_user_cfi_series-v13-0-971437de586a@ri… Changes in v13: - changelog posted just below cover letter - Link to v12: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250314-v5_user_cfi_series-v12-0-e51202b53138@ri… Changes in v12: - changelog posted just below cover letter - Link to v11: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250310-v5_user_cfi_series-v11-0-86b36cbfb910@ri… Changes in v11: - changelog posted just below cover letter - Link to v10: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250210-v5_user_cfi_series-v10-0-163dcfa31c60@ri… --- Andy Chiu (1): riscv: signal: abstract header saving for setup_sigcontext Deepak Gupta (25): mm: VM_SHADOW_STACK definition for riscv dt-bindings: riscv: zicfilp and zicfiss in dt-bindings (extensions.yaml) riscv: zicfiss / zicfilp enumeration riscv: zicfiss / zicfilp extension csr and bit definitions riscv: usercfi state for task and save/restore of CSR_SSP on trap entry/exit riscv/mm : ensure PROT_WRITE leads to VM_READ | VM_WRITE riscv/mm: manufacture shadow stack pte riscv/mm: teach pte_mkwrite to manufacture shadow stack PTEs riscv/mm: write protect and shadow stack riscv/mm: Implement map_shadow_stack() syscall riscv/shstk: If needed allocate a new shadow stack on clone riscv: Implements arch agnostic shadow stack prctls prctl: arch-agnostic prctl for indirect branch tracking riscv: Implements arch agnostic indirect branch tracking prctls riscv/traps: Introduce software check exception and uprobe handling riscv/signal: save and restore of shadow stack for signal riscv/kernel: update __show_regs to print shadow stack register riscv/ptrace: riscv cfi status and state via ptrace and in core files riscv/hwprobe: zicfilp / zicfiss enumeration in hwprobe riscv: kernel command line option to opt out of user cfi riscv: enable kernel access to shadow stack memory via FWFT sbi call riscv: create a config for shadow stack and landing pad instr support riscv: Documentation for landing pad / indirect branch tracking riscv: Documentation for shadow stack on riscv kselftest/riscv: kselftest for user mode cfi Jim Shu (1): arch/riscv: compile vdso with landing pad and shadow stack note Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt | 8 + Documentation/arch/riscv/index.rst | 2 + Documentation/arch/riscv/zicfilp.rst | 115 +++++ Documentation/arch/riscv/zicfiss.rst | 179 +++++++ .../devicetree/bindings/riscv/extensions.yaml | 14 + arch/riscv/Kconfig | 21 + arch/riscv/Makefile | 5 +- arch/riscv/configs/hardening.config | 4 + arch/riscv/include/asm/asm-prototypes.h | 1 + arch/riscv/include/asm/assembler.h | 44 ++ arch/riscv/include/asm/cpufeature.h | 12 + arch/riscv/include/asm/csr.h | 16 + arch/riscv/include/asm/entry-common.h | 2 + arch/riscv/include/asm/hwcap.h | 2 + arch/riscv/include/asm/mman.h | 26 + arch/riscv/include/asm/mmu_context.h | 7 + arch/riscv/include/asm/pgtable.h | 30 +- arch/riscv/include/asm/processor.h | 1 + arch/riscv/include/asm/thread_info.h | 3 + arch/riscv/include/asm/usercfi.h | 95 ++++ arch/riscv/include/asm/vector.h | 3 + arch/riscv/include/uapi/asm/hwprobe.h | 2 + arch/riscv/include/uapi/asm/ptrace.h | 34 ++ arch/riscv/include/uapi/asm/sigcontext.h | 1 + arch/riscv/kernel/Makefile | 1 + arch/riscv/kernel/asm-offsets.c | 10 + arch/riscv/kernel/cpufeature.c | 27 + arch/riscv/kernel/entry.S | 33 +- arch/riscv/kernel/head.S | 27 + arch/riscv/kernel/process.c | 27 +- arch/riscv/kernel/ptrace.c | 95 ++++ arch/riscv/kernel/signal.c | 148 +++++- arch/riscv/kernel/sys_hwprobe.c | 2 + arch/riscv/kernel/sys_riscv.c | 10 + arch/riscv/kernel/traps.c | 54 ++ arch/riscv/kernel/usercfi.c | 545 +++++++++++++++++++++ arch/riscv/kernel/vdso/Makefile | 11 +- arch/riscv/kernel/vdso/flush_icache.S | 4 + arch/riscv/kernel/vdso/getcpu.S | 4 + arch/riscv/kernel/vdso/rt_sigreturn.S | 4 + arch/riscv/kernel/vdso/sys_hwprobe.S | 4 + arch/riscv/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom-chacha.S | 5 +- arch/riscv/mm/init.c | 2 +- arch/riscv/mm/pgtable.c | 16 + include/linux/cpu.h | 4 + include/linux/mm.h | 7 + include/uapi/linux/elf.h | 2 + include/uapi/linux/prctl.h | 27 + kernel/sys.c | 30 ++ tools/testing/selftests/riscv/Makefile | 2 +- tools/testing/selftests/riscv/cfi/.gitignore | 3 + tools/testing/selftests/riscv/cfi/Makefile | 16 + tools/testing/selftests/riscv/cfi/cfi_rv_test.h | 82 ++++ tools/testing/selftests/riscv/cfi/riscv_cfi_test.c | 173 +++++++ tools/testing/selftests/riscv/cfi/shadowstack.c | 385 +++++++++++++++ tools/testing/selftests/riscv/cfi/shadowstack.h | 27 + 56 files changed, 2383 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-) --- base-commit: a2a05801de77ca5122fc34e3eb84d6359ef70389 change-id: 20240930-v5_user_cfi_series-3dc332f8f5b2 -- - 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