- Linux-kselftest-mirror - lists.linaro.org

[PATCH v19 00/27] riscv control-flow integrity for usermode

by Deepak Gupta

Basics and overview =================== Software with larger attack surfaces (e.g. network facing apps like databases, browsers or apps relying on browser runtimes) suffer from memory corruption issues which can be utilized by attackers to bend control flow of the program to eventually gain control (by making their payload executable). Attackers are able to perform such attacks by leveraging call-sites which rely on indirect calls or return sites which rely on obtaining return address from stack memory. To mitigate such attacks, risc-v extension zicfilp enforces that all indirect calls must land on a landing pad instruction `lpad` else cpu will raise software check exception (a new cpu exception cause code on riscv). Similarly for return flow, risc-v extension zicfiss extends architecture with - `sspush` instruction to push return address on a shadow stack - `sspopchk` instruction to pop return address from shadow stack and compare with input operand (i.e. return address on stack) - `sspopchk` to raise software check exception if comparision above was a mismatch - Protection mechanism using which shadow stack is not writeable via regular store instructions More information an details can be found at extensions github repo [1]. Equivalent to landing pad (zicfilp) on x86 is `ENDBRANCH` instruction in Intel CET [3] and branch target identification (BTI) [4] on arm. Similarly x86's Intel CET has shadow stack [5] and arm64 has guarded control stack (GCS) [6] which are very similar to risc-v's zicfiss shadow stack. x86 and arm64 support for user mode shadow stack is already in mainline. Kernel awareness for user control flow integrity ================================================ This series picks up Samuel Holland's envcfg changes [2] as well. So if those are being applied independently, they should be removed from this series. Enabling: In order to maintain compatibility and not break anything in user mode, kernel doesn't enable control flow integrity cpu extensions on binary by default. Instead exposes a prctl interface to enable, disable and lock the shadow stack or landing pad feature for a task. This allows userspace (loader) to enumerate if all objects in its address space are compiled with shadow stack and landing pad support and accordingly enable the feature. Additionally if a subsequent `dlopen` happens on a library, user mode can take a decision again to disable the feature (if incoming library is not compiled with support) OR terminate the task (if user mode policy is strict to have all objects in address space to be compiled with control flow integirty cpu feature). prctl to enable shadow stack results in allocating shadow stack from virtual memory and activating for user address space. x86 and arm64 are also following same direction due to similar reason(s). clone/fork: On clone and fork, cfi state for task is inherited by child. Shadow stack is part of virtual memory and is a writeable memory from kernel perspective (writeable via a restricted set of instructions aka shadow stack instructions) Thus kernel changes ensure that this memory is converted into read-only when fork/clone happens and COWed when fault is taken due to sspush, sspopchk or ssamoswap. In case `CLONE_VM` is specified and shadow stack is to be enabled, kernel will automatically allocate a shadow stack for that clone call. map_shadow_stack: x86 introduced `map_shadow_stack` system call to allow user space to explicitly map shadow stack memory in its address space. It is useful to allocate shadow for different contexts managed by a single thread (green threads or contexts) risc-v implements this system call as well. signal management: If shadow stack is enabled for a task, kernel performs an asynchronous control flow diversion to deliver the signal and eventually expects userspace to issue sigreturn so that original execution can be resumed. Even though resume context is prepared by kernel, it is in user space memory and is subject to memory corruption and corruption bugs can be utilized by attacker in this race window to perform arbitrary sigreturn and eventually bypass cfi mechanism. Another issue is how to ensure that cfi related state on sigcontext area is not trampled by legacy apps or apps compiled with old kernel headers. In order to mitigate control-flow hijacting, kernel prepares a token and place it on shadow stack before signal delivery and places address of token in sigcontext structure. During sigreturn, kernel obtains address of token from sigcontext struture, reads token from shadow stack and validates it and only then allow sigreturn to succeed. Compatiblity issue is solved by adopting dynamic sigcontext management introduced for vector extension. This series re-factor the code little bit to allow future sigcontext management easy (as proposed by Andy Chiu from SiFive) config and compilation: Introduce a new risc-v config option `CONFIG_RISCV_USER_CFI`. Selecting this config option picks the kernel support for user control flow integrity. This optin is presented only if toolchain has shadow stack and landing pad support. And is on purpose guarded by toolchain support. Reason being that eventually vDSO also needs to be compiled in with shadow stack and landing pad support. vDSO compile patches are not included as of now because landing pad labeling scheme is yet to settle for usermode runtime. To get more information on kernel interactions with respect to zicfilp and zicfiss, patch series adds documentation for `zicfilp` and `zicfiss` in following: Documentation/arch/riscv/zicfiss.rst Documentation/arch/riscv/zicfilp.rst How to test this series ======================= Toolchain --------- $ git clone git@github.com:sifive/riscv-gnu-toolchain.git -b cfi-dev $ riscv-gnu-toolchain/configure --prefix=<path-to-where-to-build> --with-arch=rv64gc_zicfilp_zicfiss --enable-linux --disable-gdb --with-extra-multilib-test="rv64gc_zicfilp_zicfiss-lp64d:-static" $ make -j$(nproc) Qemu ---- Get the lastest qemu $ cd qemu $ mkdir build $ cd build $ ../configure --target-list=riscv64-softmmu $ make -j$(nproc) Opensbi ------- $ git clone git@github.com:deepak0414/opensbi.git -b v6_cfi_spec_split_opensbi $ make CROSS_COMPILE=<your riscv toolchain> -j$(nproc) PLATFORM=generic Linux ----- Running defconfig is fine. CFI is enabled by default if the toolchain supports it. $ make ARCH=riscv CROSS_COMPILE=<path-to-cfi-riscv-gnu-toolchain>/build/bin/riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu- -j$(nproc) defconfig $ make ARCH=riscv CROSS_COMPILE=<path-to-cfi-riscv-gnu-toolchain>/build/bin/riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu- -j$(nproc) In case you're building your own rootfs using toolchain, please make sure you pick following patch to ensure that vDSO compiled with lpad and shadow stack. "arch/riscv: compile vdso with landing pad" Branch where above patch can be picked https://github.com/deepak0414/linux-riscv-cfi/tree/vdso_user_cfi_v6.12-rc1 Running ------- Modify your qemu command to have: -bios <path-to-cfi-opensbi>/build/platform/generic/firmware/fw_dynamic.bin -cpu rv64,zicfilp=true,zicfiss=true,zimop=true,zcmop=true vDSO related Opens (in the flux) ================================= I am listing these opens for laying out plan and what to expect in future patch sets. And of course for the sake of discussion. Shadow stack and landing pad enabling in vDSO ---------------------------------------------- vDSO must have shadow stack and landing pad support compiled in for task to have shadow stack and landing pad support. This patch series doesn't enable that (yet). Enabling shadow stack support in vDSO should be straight forward (intend to do that in next versions of patch set). Enabling landing pad support in vDSO requires some collaboration with toolchain folks to follow a single label scheme for all object binaries. This is necessary to ensure that all indirect call-sites are setting correct label and target landing pads are decorated with same label scheme. How many vDSOs --------------- Shadow stack instructions are carved out of zimop (may be operations) and if CPU doesn't implement zimop, they're illegal instructions. Kernel could be running on a CPU which may or may not implement zimop. And thus kernel will have to carry 2 different vDSOs and expose the appropriate one depending on whether CPU implements zimop or not. References ========== [1] - https://github.com/riscv/riscv-cfi [2] - https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240814081126.956287-1-samuel.holland@sifive.c… [3] - https://lwn.net/Articles/889475/ [4] - https://developer.arm.com/documentation/109576/0100/Branch-Target-Identific… [5] - https://www.intel.com/content/dam/develop/external/us/en/documents/catc17-i… [6] - https://lwn.net/Articles/940403/ To: Thomas Gleixner <tglx(a)linutronix.de> To: Ingo Molnar <mingo(a)redhat.com> To: Borislav Petkov <bp(a)alien8.de> To: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen(a)linux.intel.com> To: x86(a)kernel.org To: H. Peter Anvin <hpa(a)zytor.com> To: Andrew Morton <akpm(a)linux-foundation.org> To: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett(a)oracle.com> To: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka(a)suse.cz> To: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes(a)oracle.com> To: Paul Walmsley <paul.walmsley(a)sifive.com> To: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer(a)dabbelt.com> To: Albert Ou <aou(a)eecs.berkeley.edu> To: Conor Dooley <conor(a)kernel.org> To: Rob Herring <robh(a)kernel.org> To: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzk+dt(a)kernel.org> To: Arnd Bergmann <arnd(a)arndb.de> To: Christian Brauner <brauner(a)kernel.org> To: Peter Zijlstra <peterz(a)infradead.org> To: Oleg Nesterov <oleg(a)redhat.com> To: Eric Biederman <ebiederm(a)xmission.com> To: Kees Cook <kees(a)kernel.org> To: Jonathan Corbet <corbet(a)lwn.net> To: Shuah Khan <shuah(a)kernel.org> To: Jann Horn <jannh(a)google.com> To: Conor Dooley <conor+dt(a)kernel.org> To: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda(a)kernel.org> To: Alex Gaynor <alex.gaynor(a)gmail.com> To: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng(a)gmail.com> To: Gary Guo <gary(a)garyguo.net> To: Björn Roy Baron <bjorn3_gh(a)protonmail.com> To: Benno Lossin <benno.lossin(a)proton.me> To: Andreas Hindborg <a.hindborg(a)kernel.org> To: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl(a)google.com> To: Trevor Gross <tmgross(a)umich.edu> Cc: linux-kernel(a)vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-fsdevel(a)vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-mm(a)kvack.org Cc: linux-riscv(a)lists.infradead.org Cc: devicetree(a)vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-arch(a)vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-doc(a)vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-kselftest(a)vger.kernel.org Cc: alistair.francis(a)wdc.com Cc: richard.henderson(a)linaro.org Cc: jim.shu(a)sifive.com Cc: andybnac(a)gmail.com Cc: kito.cheng(a)sifive.com Cc: charlie(a)rivosinc.com Cc: atishp(a)rivosinc.com Cc: evan(a)rivosinc.com Cc: cleger(a)rivosinc.com Cc: alexghiti(a)rivosinc.com Cc: samitolvanen(a)google.com Cc: broonie(a)kernel.org Cc: rick.p.edgecombe(a)intel.com Cc: rust-for-linux(a)vger.kernel.org changelog --------- v19: - riscv_nousercfi was `int`. changed it to unsigned long. Thanks to Alex Ghiti for reporting it. It was a bug. - ELP is cleared on trap entry only when CONFIG_64BIT. - restore ssp back on return to usermode was being done before `riscv_v_context_nesting_end` on trap exit path. If kernel shadow stack were enabled this would result in kernel operating on user shadow stack and panic (as I found in my testing of kcfi patch series). So fixed that. v18: - rebased on 6.16-rc1 - uprobe handling clears ELP in sstatus image in pt_regs - vdso was missing shadow stack elf note for object files. added that. Additional asm file for vdso needed the elf marker flag. toolchain should complain if `-fcf-protection=full` and marker is missing for object generated from asm file. Asked toolchain folks to fix this. Although no reason to gate the merge on that. - Split up compile options for march and fcf-protection in vdso Makefile - CONFIG_RISCV_USER_CFI option is moved under "Kernel features" menu Added `arch/riscv/configs/hardening.config` fragment which selects CONFIG_RISCV_USER_CFI v17: - fixed warnings due to empty macros in usercfi.h (reported by alexg) - fixed prefixes in commit titles reported by alexg - took below uprobe with fcfi v2 patch from Zong Li and squashed it with "riscv/traps: Introduce software check exception and uprobe handling" https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250604093403.10916-1-zong.li@sifive.com/ v16: - If FWFT is not implemented or returns error for shadow stack activation, then no_usercfi is set to disable shadow stack. Although this should be picked up by extension validation and activation. Fixed this bug for zicfilp and zicfiss both. Thanks to Charlie Jenkins for reporting this. - If toolchain doesn't support cfi, cfi kselftest shouldn't build. Suggested by Charlie Jenkins. - Default for CONFIG_RISCV_USER_CFI is set to no. Charlie/Atish suggested to keep it off till we have more hardware availibility with RVA23 profile and zimop/zcmop implemented. Else this will start breaking people's workflow - Includes the fix if "!RV64 and !SBI" then definitions for FWFT in asm-offsets.c error. v15: - Toolchain has been updated to include `-fcf-protection` flag. This exists for x86 as well. Updated kernel patches to compile vDSO and selftest to compile with `fcf-protection=full` flag. - selecting CONFIG_RISCV_USERCFI selects CONFIG_RISCV_SBI. - Patch to enable shadow stack for kernel wasn't hidden behind CONFIG_RISCV_USERCFI and CONFIG_RISCV_SBI. fixed that. v14: - rebased on top of palmer/sbi-v3. Thus dropped clement's FWFT patches Updated RISCV_ISA_EXT_XXXX in hwcap and hwprobe constants. - Took Radim's suggestions on bitfields. - Placed cfi_state at the end of thread_info block so that current situation is not disturbed with respect to member fields of thread_info in single cacheline. v13: - cpu_supports_shadow_stack/cpu_supports_indirect_br_lp_instr uses riscv_has_extension_unlikely() - uses nops(count) to create nop slide - RISCV_ACQUIRE_BARRIER is not needed in `amo_user_shstk`. Removed it - changed ternaries to simply use implicit casting to convert to bool. - kernel command line allows to disable zicfilp and zicfiss independently. updated kernel-parameters.txt. - ptrace user abi for cfi uses bitmasks instead of bitfields. Added ptrace kselftest. - cosmetic and grammatical changes to documentation. v12: - It seems like I had accidently squashed arch agnostic indirect branch tracking prctl and riscv implementation of those prctls. Split them again. - set_shstk_status/set_indir_lp_status perform CSR writes only when CPU support is available. As suggested by Zong Li. - Some minor clean up in kselftests as suggested by Zong Li. v11: - patch "arch/riscv: compile vdso with landing pad" was unconditionally selecting `_zicfilp` for vDSO compile. fixed that. Changed `lpad 1` to to `lpad 0`. v10: - dropped "mm: helper `is_shadow_stack_vma` to check shadow stack vma". This patch is not that interesting to this patch series for risc-v. There are instances in arch directories where VM_SHADOW_STACK flag is anyways used. Dropping this patch to expedite merging in riscv tree. - Took suggestions from `Clement` on "riscv: zicfiss / zicfilp enumeration" to validate presence of cfi based on config. - Added a patch for vDSO to have `lpad 0`. I had omitted this earlier to make sure we add single vdso object with cfi enabled. But a vdso object with scheme of zero labeled landing pad is least common denominator and should work with all objects of zero labeled as well as function-signature labeled objects. v9: - rebased on master (39a803b754d5 fix braino in "9p: fix ->rename_sem exclusion") - dropped "mm: Introduce ARCH_HAS_USER_SHADOW_STACK" (master has it from arm64/gcs) - dropped "prctl: arch-agnostic prctl for shadow stack" (master has it from arm64/gcs) v8: - rebased on palmer/for-next - dropped samuel holland's `envcfg` context switch patches. they are in parlmer/for-next v7: - Removed "riscv/Kconfig: enable HAVE_EXIT_THREAD for riscv" Instead using `deactivate_mm` flow to clean up. see here for more context https://lore.kernel.org/all/20230908203655.543765-1-rick.p.edgecombe@intel.… - Changed the header include in `kselftest`. Hopefully this fixes compile issue faced by Zong Li at SiFive. - Cleaned up an orphaned change to `mm/mmap.c` in below patch "riscv/mm : ensure PROT_WRITE leads to VM_READ | VM_WRITE" - Lock interfaces for shadow stack and indirect branch tracking expect arg == 0 Any future evolution of this interface should accordingly define how arg should be setup. - `mm/map.c` has an instance of using `VM_SHADOW_STACK`. Fixed it to use helper `is_shadow_stack_vma`. - Link to v6: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241008-v5_user_cfi_series-v6-0-60d9fe073f37@riv… v6: - Picked up Samuel Holland's changes as is with `envcfg` placed in `thread` instead of `thread_info` - fixed unaligned newline escapes in kselftest - cleaned up messages in kselftest and included test output in commit message - fixed a bug in clone path reported by Zong Li - fixed a build issue if CONFIG_RISCV_ISA_V is not selected (this was introduced due to re-factoring signal context management code) v5: - rebased on v6.12-rc1 - Fixed schema related issues in device tree file - Fixed some of the documentation related issues in zicfilp/ss.rst (style issues and added index) - added `SHADOW_STACK_SET_MARKER` so that implementation can define base of shadow stack. - Fixed warnings on definitions added in usercfi.h when CONFIG_RISCV_USER_CFI is not selected. - Adopted context header based signal handling as proposed by Andy Chiu - Added support for enabling kernel mode access to shadow stack using FWFT (https://github.com/riscv-non-isa/riscv-sbi-doc/blob/master/src/ext-firmware…) - Link to v5: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241001-v5_user_cfi_series-v1-0-3ba65b6e550f@riv… (Note: I had an issue in my workflow due to which version number wasn't picked up correctly while sending out patches) v4: - rebased on 6.11-rc6 - envcfg: Converged with Samuel Holland's patches for envcfg management on per- thread basis. - vma_is_shadow_stack is renamed to is_vma_shadow_stack - picked up Mark Brown's `ARCH_HAS_USER_SHADOW_STACK` patch - signal context: using extended context management to maintain compatibility. - fixed `-Wmissing-prototypes` compiler warnings for prctl functions - Documentation fixes and amending typos. - Link to v4: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240912231650.3740732-1-debug@rivosinc.com/ v3: - envcfg logic to pick up base envcfg had a bug where `ENVCFG_CBZE` could have been picked on per task basis, even though CPU didn't implement it. Fixed in this series. - dt-bindings As suggested, split into separate commit. fixed the messaging that spec is in public review - arch_is_shadow_stack change arch_is_shadow_stack changed to vma_is_shadow_stack - hwprobe zicfiss / zicfilp if present will get enumerated in hwprobe - selftests As suggested, added object and binary filenames to .gitignore Selftest binary anyways need to be compiled with cfi enabled compiler which will make sure that landing pad and shadow stack are enabled. Thus removed separate enable/disable tests. Cleaned up tests a bit. - Link to v3: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20240403234054.2020347-1-debug@rivosinc.com/ v2: - Using config `CONFIG_RISCV_USER_CFI`, kernel support for riscv control flow integrity for user mode programs can be compiled in the kernel. - Enabling of control flow integrity for user programs is left to user runtime - This patch series introduces arch agnostic `prctls` to enable shadow stack and indirect branch tracking. And implements them on riscv. --- Changes in v19: - Link to v18: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250711-v5_user_cfi_series-v18-0-a8ee62f9f38e@ri… Changes in v18: - Link to v17: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250604-v5_user_cfi_series-v17-0-4565c2cf869f@ri… Changes in v17: - Link to v16: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250522-v5_user_cfi_series-v16-0-64f61a35eee7@ri… Changes in v16: - Link to v15: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250502-v5_user_cfi_series-v15-0-914966471885@ri… Changes in v15: - changelog posted just below cover letter - Link to v14: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250429-v5_user_cfi_series-v14-0-5239410d012a@ri… Changes in v14: - changelog posted just below cover letter - Link to v13: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250424-v5_user_cfi_series-v13-0-971437de586a@ri… Changes in v13: - changelog posted just below cover letter - Link to v12: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250314-v5_user_cfi_series-v12-0-e51202b53138@ri… Changes in v12: - changelog posted just below cover letter - Link to v11: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250310-v5_user_cfi_series-v11-0-86b36cbfb910@ri… Changes in v11: - changelog posted just below cover letter - Link to v10: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250210-v5_user_cfi_series-v10-0-163dcfa31c60@ri… --- Andy Chiu (1): riscv: signal: abstract header saving for setup_sigcontext Deepak Gupta (25): mm: VM_SHADOW_STACK definition for riscv dt-bindings: riscv: zicfilp and zicfiss in dt-bindings (extensions.yaml) riscv: zicfiss / zicfilp enumeration riscv: zicfiss / zicfilp extension csr and bit definitions riscv: usercfi state for task and save/restore of CSR_SSP on trap entry/exit riscv/mm : ensure PROT_WRITE leads to VM_READ | VM_WRITE riscv/mm: manufacture shadow stack pte riscv/mm: teach pte_mkwrite to manufacture shadow stack PTEs riscv/mm: write protect and shadow stack riscv/mm: Implement map_shadow_stack() syscall riscv/shstk: If needed allocate a new shadow stack on clone riscv: Implements arch agnostic shadow stack prctls prctl: arch-agnostic prctl for indirect branch tracking riscv: Implements arch agnostic indirect branch tracking prctls riscv/traps: Introduce software check exception and uprobe handling riscv/signal: save and restore of shadow stack for signal riscv/kernel: update __show_regs to print shadow stack register riscv/ptrace: riscv cfi status and state via ptrace and in core files riscv/hwprobe: zicfilp / zicfiss enumeration in hwprobe riscv: kernel command line option to opt out of user cfi riscv: enable kernel access to shadow stack memory via FWFT sbi call riscv: create a config for shadow stack and landing pad instr support riscv: Documentation for landing pad / indirect branch tracking riscv: Documentation for shadow stack on riscv kselftest/riscv: kselftest for user mode cfi Jim Shu (1): arch/riscv: compile vdso with landing pad and shadow stack note Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt | 8 + Documentation/arch/riscv/index.rst | 2 + Documentation/arch/riscv/zicfilp.rst | 115 +++++ Documentation/arch/riscv/zicfiss.rst | 179 +++++++ .../devicetree/bindings/riscv/extensions.yaml | 14 + arch/riscv/Kconfig | 21 + arch/riscv/Makefile | 5 +- arch/riscv/configs/hardening.config | 4 + arch/riscv/include/asm/asm-prototypes.h | 1 + arch/riscv/include/asm/assembler.h | 44 ++ arch/riscv/include/asm/cpufeature.h | 12 + arch/riscv/include/asm/csr.h | 16 + arch/riscv/include/asm/entry-common.h | 2 + arch/riscv/include/asm/hwcap.h | 2 + arch/riscv/include/asm/mman.h | 26 + arch/riscv/include/asm/mmu_context.h | 7 + arch/riscv/include/asm/pgtable.h | 30 +- arch/riscv/include/asm/processor.h | 1 + arch/riscv/include/asm/thread_info.h | 3 + arch/riscv/include/asm/usercfi.h | 95 ++++ arch/riscv/include/asm/vector.h | 3 + arch/riscv/include/uapi/asm/hwprobe.h | 2 + arch/riscv/include/uapi/asm/ptrace.h | 34 ++ arch/riscv/include/uapi/asm/sigcontext.h | 1 + arch/riscv/kernel/Makefile | 1 + arch/riscv/kernel/asm-offsets.c | 10 + arch/riscv/kernel/cpufeature.c | 27 + arch/riscv/kernel/entry.S | 38 ++ arch/riscv/kernel/head.S | 27 + arch/riscv/kernel/process.c | 27 +- arch/riscv/kernel/ptrace.c | 95 ++++ arch/riscv/kernel/signal.c | 148 +++++- arch/riscv/kernel/sys_hwprobe.c | 2 + arch/riscv/kernel/sys_riscv.c | 10 + arch/riscv/kernel/traps.c | 54 ++ arch/riscv/kernel/usercfi.c | 545 +++++++++++++++++++++ arch/riscv/kernel/vdso/Makefile | 11 +- arch/riscv/kernel/vdso/flush_icache.S | 4 + arch/riscv/kernel/vdso/getcpu.S | 4 + arch/riscv/kernel/vdso/rt_sigreturn.S | 4 + arch/riscv/kernel/vdso/sys_hwprobe.S | 4 + arch/riscv/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom-chacha.S | 5 +- arch/riscv/mm/init.c | 2 +- arch/riscv/mm/pgtable.c | 16 + include/linux/cpu.h | 4 + include/linux/mm.h | 7 + include/uapi/linux/elf.h | 2 + include/uapi/linux/prctl.h | 27 + kernel/sys.c | 30 ++ tools/testing/selftests/riscv/Makefile | 2 +- tools/testing/selftests/riscv/cfi/.gitignore | 3 + tools/testing/selftests/riscv/cfi/Makefile | 16 + tools/testing/selftests/riscv/cfi/cfi_rv_test.h | 82 ++++ tools/testing/selftests/riscv/cfi/riscv_cfi_test.c | 173 +++++++ tools/testing/selftests/riscv/cfi/shadowstack.c | 385 +++++++++++++++ tools/testing/selftests/riscv/cfi/shadowstack.h | 27 + 56 files changed, 2389 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-) --- base-commit: a2a05801de77ca5122fc34e3eb84d6359ef70389 change-id: 20240930-v5_user_cfi_series-3dc332f8f5b2 -- - 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[PATCH net v3] selftests: drv-net: update remaining Python init files

by Stanislav Fomichev

From: Jakub Kicinski <kuba(a)kernel.org> Convert remaining __init__ files similar to what we did in commit b615879dbfea ("selftests: drv-net: make linters happy with our imports") Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba(a)kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf(a)fomichev.me> --- v3: - add my SoB (sending on behalf of Jakub) v2: - remove tool from imports in driver __init__s it's not actually used v1: https://lore.kernel.org/20251007144326.1763309-1-kuba@kernel.org CC: shuah(a)kernel.org CC: willemb(a)google.com CC: daniel.zahka(a)gmail.com CC: linux-kselftest(a)vger.kernel.org --- .../drivers/net/hw/lib/py/__init__.py | 40 ++++++++++++++----- .../selftests/drivers/net/lib/py/__init__.py | 4 +- .../testing/selftests/net/lib/py/__init__.py | 29 ++++++++++++-- 3 files changed, 57 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-) diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/hw/lib/py/__init__.py b/tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/hw/lib/py/__init__.py index 0ceb297e7757..fb010a48a5a1 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/hw/lib/py/__init__.py +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/hw/lib/py/__init__.py @@ -1,5 +1,13 @@ # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 +""" +Driver test environment (hardware-only tests). +NetDrvEnv and NetDrvEpEnv are the main environment classes. +Former is for local host only tests, latter creates / connects +to a remote endpoint. See NIPA wiki for more information about +running and writing driver tests. +""" + import sys from pathlib import Path @@ -8,26 +16,36 @@ KSFT_DIR = (Path(__file__).parent / "../../../../..").resolve() try: sys.path.append(KSFT_DIR.as_posix()) - from net.lib.py import * - from drivers.net.lib.py import * - # Import one by one to avoid pylint false positives + from net.lib.py import NetNS, NetNSEnter, NetdevSimDev from net.lib.py import EthtoolFamily, NetdevFamily, NetshaperFamily, \ NlError, RtnlFamily, DevlinkFamily, PSPFamily from net.lib.py import CmdExitFailure - from net.lib.py import bkg, cmd, defer, ethtool, fd_read_timeout, ip, \ - rand_port, tool, wait_port_listen - from net.lib.py import fd_read_timeout + from net.lib.py import bkg, cmd, bpftool, bpftrace, defer, ethtool, \ + fd_read_timeout, ip, rand_port, wait_port_listen, wait_file from net.lib.py import KsftSkipEx, KsftFailEx, KsftXfailEx from net.lib.py import ksft_disruptive, ksft_exit, ksft_pr, ksft_run, \ ksft_setup from net.lib.py import ksft_eq, ksft_ge, ksft_in, ksft_is, ksft_lt, \ ksft_ne, ksft_not_in, ksft_raises, ksft_true, ksft_gt, ksft_not_none - from net.lib.py import NetNSEnter - from drivers.net.lib.py import GenerateTraffic + from drivers.net.lib.py import GenerateTraffic, Remote from drivers.net.lib.py import NetDrvEnv, NetDrvEpEnv + + __all__ = ["NetNS", "NetNSEnter", "NetdevSimDev", + "EthtoolFamily", "NetdevFamily", "NetshaperFamily", + "NlError", "RtnlFamily", "DevlinkFamily", "PSPFamily", + "CmdExitFailure", + "bkg", "cmd", "bpftool", "bpftrace", "defer", "ethtool", + "fd_read_timeout", "ip", "rand_port", + "wait_port_listen", "wait_file", + "KsftSkipEx", "KsftFailEx", "KsftXfailEx", + "ksft_disruptive", "ksft_exit", "ksft_pr", "ksft_run", + "ksft_setup", + "ksft_eq", "ksft_ge", "ksft_in", "ksft_is", "ksft_lt", + "ksft_ne", "ksft_not_in", "ksft_raises", "ksft_true", "ksft_gt", + "ksft_not_none", "ksft_not_none", + "NetDrvEnv", "NetDrvEpEnv", "GenerateTraffic", "Remote"] except ModuleNotFoundError as e: - ksft_pr("Failed importing `net` library from kernel sources") - ksft_pr(str(e)) - ktap_result(True, comment="SKIP") + print("Failed importing `net` library from kernel sources") + print(str(e)) sys.exit(4) diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/lib/py/__init__.py b/tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/lib/py/__init__.py index e6c070f32f51..b0c6300150fb 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/lib/py/__init__.py +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/lib/py/__init__.py @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ KSFT_DIR = (Path(__file__).parent / "../../../..").resolve() NlError, RtnlFamily, DevlinkFamily, PSPFamily from net.lib.py import CmdExitFailure from net.lib.py import bkg, cmd, bpftool, bpftrace, defer, ethtool, \ - fd_read_timeout, ip, rand_port, tool, wait_port_listen, wait_file + fd_read_timeout, ip, rand_port, wait_port_listen, wait_file from net.lib.py import KsftSkipEx, KsftFailEx, KsftXfailEx from net.lib.py import ksft_disruptive, ksft_exit, ksft_pr, ksft_run, \ ksft_setup @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ KSFT_DIR = (Path(__file__).parent / "../../../..").resolve() "NlError", "RtnlFamily", "DevlinkFamily", "PSPFamily", "CmdExitFailure", "bkg", "cmd", "bpftool", "bpftrace", "defer", "ethtool", - "fd_read_timeout", "ip", "rand_port", "tool", + "fd_read_timeout", "ip", "rand_port", "wait_port_listen", "wait_file", "KsftSkipEx", "KsftFailEx", "KsftXfailEx", "ksft_disruptive", "ksft_exit", "ksft_pr", "ksft_run", diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/lib/py/__init__.py b/tools/testing/selftests/net/lib/py/__init__.py index 997b85cc216a..97b7cf2b20eb 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/lib/py/__init__.py +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/lib/py/__init__.py @@ -1,9 +1,32 @@ # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 +""" +Python selftest helpers for netdev. +""" + from .consts import KSRC -from .ksft import * +from .ksft import KsftFailEx, KsftSkipEx, KsftXfailEx, ksft_pr, ksft_eq, \ + ksft_ne, ksft_true, ksft_not_none, ksft_in, ksft_not_in, ksft_is, \ + ksft_ge, ksft_gt, ksft_lt, ksft_raises, ksft_busy_wait, \ + ktap_result, ksft_disruptive, ksft_setup, ksft_run, ksft_exit from .netns import NetNS, NetNSEnter -from .nsim import * -from .utils import * +from .nsim import NetdevSim, NetdevSimDev +from .utils import CmdExitFailure, fd_read_timeout, cmd, bkg, defer, \ + bpftool, ip, ethtool, bpftrace, rand_port, wait_port_listen, wait_file from .ynl import NlError, YnlFamily, EthtoolFamily, NetdevFamily, RtnlFamily, RtnlAddrFamily from .ynl import NetshaperFamily, DevlinkFamily, PSPFamily + +__all__ = ["KSRC", + "KsftFailEx", "KsftSkipEx", "KsftXfailEx", "ksft_pr", "ksft_eq", + "ksft_ne", "ksft_true", "ksft_not_none", "ksft_in", "ksft_not_in", + "ksft_is", "ksft_ge", "ksft_gt", "ksft_lt", "ksft_raises", + "ksft_busy_wait", "ktap_result", "ksft_disruptive", "ksft_setup", + "ksft_run", "ksft_exit", + "NetNS", "NetNSEnter", + "CmdExitFailure", "fd_read_timeout", "cmd", "bkg", "defer", + "bpftool", "ip", "ethtool", "bpftrace", "rand_port", + "wait_port_listen", "wait_file", + "NetdevSim", "NetdevSimDev", + "NetshaperFamily", "DevlinkFamily", "PSPFamily", "NlError", + "YnlFamily", "EthtoolFamily", "NetdevFamily", "RtnlFamily", + "RtnlAddrFamily"] -- 2.51.0

1 week, 5 days

3
2
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[PATCH v3 0/5] tracing: fprobe: list-style filters,

by Ryan Chung

This series aims to extend fprobe with list-style filters and a clear entry/exist qualifier. Users can now specify a comma-separated symbol list with ! exclusions, and use a spec-level suffix to select probe type: - funcA*, !funcAB, funcC -> entry probes - funcA*, !funcAB, funcC:entry -> explicit entry - funcA*, !funcAB, funcC:exit -> return/exit across the whole list For compatibility, %return remains supported for single, literal symbols. When a list or wildcard is used, an explicit [GROUP/EVENT is required and autogeneration is disabled. Autogen names are kept for single-symbol specs, with wildcard sanitization. For list/wildcard forms we set ctx->funcname = NULL so BTF lookups are not attempted. The series moves parsing to the parse path, documents the new syntax, and adds selftests that accept valid list cases and reject empty tokens, stray commas, and %return mixed with lists or wildcards. Selftests also verify enable/disable flow and that entry+exit on the same set do not double-count attached functions. Help wanted: This is my first time contributing ftrace selftests. I would appreciate comments and recommendations on test structure and coverage. Basic coverage is included, but this likely needs broader testing across architectures. Feedback and additional test ideas are welcome. Changes since v2: - Introduce spec-level: :entry/:exit; reject %return with lists/wildcards - Require explict [GROUP/]EVENT for list/wildcard; keep autogen only for single literal. - Sanitize autogen names for single-symbol wildcards - Set ctx->funcname = NULL for list/wildcard to bypass BTF - Move list parsing out of __register_trace_fprobe() and into the parse path - Update docs and tracefs README and add dynevent selftests for accept/reject and enable/disable flow Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20250904103219.f4937968362bfff1ecd3f004@kernel… Ryan Chung (5): docs: tracing: fprobe: document list filters and :entry/:exit tracing: fprobe: require explicit [GROUP/]EVENT for list/wildcard tracing: fprobe: support comma-separated symbols and :entry/:exit selftests/ftrace: dynevent: add reject cases for list/:entry/:exit selftests/ftrace: dynevent: add reject cases Documentation/trace/fprobetrace.rst | 27 +- kernel/trace/trace.c | 3 +- kernel/trace/trace_fprobe.c | 247 ++++++++++++++---- .../test.d/dynevent/add_remove_fprobe.tc | 121 +++++++++ .../test.d/dynevent/fprobe_syntax_errors.tc | 13 + 5 files changed, 349 insertions(+), 62 deletions(-) -- 2.43.0

1 week, 5 days

3
15
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[PATCH bpf v3 0/2] bpf: Avoid RCU context warning when unpinning htab with internal structs

by KaFai Wan

This small patchset is about avoid RCU context warning when unpinning htab with internal structs (timer, workqueue, or task_work). v3: - fix nit (Yonghong Song) - add Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yonghong.song(a)linux.dev> v2: - rename bpf_free_inode() to bpf_destroy_inode() (Andrii) https://lore.kernel.org/all/20251007012235.755853-1-kafai.wan@linux.dev/ v1: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20251003084528.502518-1-kafai.wan@linux.dev/ --- KaFai Wan (2): bpf: Avoid RCU context warning when unpinning htab with internal structs selftests/bpf: Add test for unpinning htab with internal timer struct kernel/bpf/inode.c | 4 +-- .../selftests/bpf/prog_tests/pinning_htab.c | 36 +++++++++++++++++++ .../selftests/bpf/progs/test_pinning_htab.c | 25 +++++++++++++ 3 files changed, 63 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/pinning_htab.c create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_pinning_htab.c -- 2.43.0

1 week, 6 days

3
5
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[PATCH v7 00/12] Direct Map Removal Support for guest_memfd

by Patrick Roy

From: Patrick Roy <roypat(a)amazon.co.uk> [ based on kvm/next ] Unmapping virtual machine guest memory from the host kernel's direct map is a successful mitigation against Spectre-style transient execution issues: If the kernel page tables do not contain entries pointing to guest memory, then any attempted speculative read through the direct map will necessarily be blocked by the MMU before any observable microarchitectural side-effects happen. This means that Spectre-gadgets and similar cannot be used to target virtual machine memory. Roughly 60% of speculative execution issues fall into this category [1, Table 1]. This patch series extends guest_memfd with the ability to remove its memory from the host kernel's direct map, to be able to attain the above protection for KVM guests running inside guest_memfd. Additionally, a Firecracker branch with support for these VMs can be found on GitHub [2]. For more details, please refer to the v5 cover letter [v5]. No substantial changes in design have taken place since. === Changes Since v6 === - Drop patch for passing struct address_space to ->free_folio(), due to possible races with freeing of the address_space. (Hugh) - Stop using PG_uptodate / gmem preparedness tracking to keep track of direct map state. Instead, use the lowest bit of folio->private. (Mike, David) - Do direct map removal when establishing mapping of gmem folio instead of at allocation time, due to impossibility of handling direct map removal errors in kvm_gmem_populate(). (Patrick) - Do TLB flushes after direct map removal, and provide a module parameter to opt out from them, and a new patch to export flush_tlb_kernel_range() to KVM. (Will) [1]: https://download.vusec.net/papers/quarantine_raid23.pdf [2]: https://github.com/firecracker-microvm/firecracker/tree/feature/secret-hidi… [RFCv1]: https://lore.kernel.org/kvm/20240709132041.3625501-1-roypat@amazon.co.uk/ [RFCv2]: https://lore.kernel.org/kvm/20240910163038.1298452-1-roypat@amazon.co.uk/ [RFCv3]: https://lore.kernel.org/kvm/20241030134912.515725-1-roypat@amazon.co.uk/ [v4]: https://lore.kernel.org/kvm/20250221160728.1584559-1-roypat@amazon.co.uk/ [v5]: https://lore.kernel.org/kvm/20250828093902.2719-1-roypat@amazon.co.uk/ [v6]: https://lore.kernel.org/kvm/20250912091708.17502-1-roypat@amazon.co.uk/ Patrick Roy (12): arch: export set_direct_map_valid_noflush to KVM module x86/tlb: export flush_tlb_kernel_range to KVM module mm: introduce AS_NO_DIRECT_MAP KVM: guest_memfd: Add stub for kvm_arch_gmem_invalidate KVM: guest_memfd: Add flag to remove from direct map KVM: guest_memfd: add module param for disabling TLB flushing KVM: selftests: load elf via bounce buffer KVM: selftests: set KVM_MEM_GUEST_MEMFD in vm_mem_add() if guest_memfd != -1 KVM: selftests: Add guest_memfd based vm_mem_backing_src_types KVM: selftests: cover GUEST_MEMFD_FLAG_NO_DIRECT_MAP in existing selftests KVM: selftests: stuff vm_mem_backing_src_type into vm_shape KVM: selftests: Test guest execution from direct map removed gmem Documentation/virt/kvm/api.rst | 5 ++ arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_host.h | 12 ++++ arch/arm64/mm/pageattr.c | 1 + arch/loongarch/mm/pageattr.c | 1 + arch/riscv/mm/pageattr.c | 1 + arch/s390/mm/pageattr.c | 1 + arch/x86/include/asm/tlbflush.h | 3 +- arch/x86/mm/pat/set_memory.c | 1 + arch/x86/mm/tlb.c | 1 + include/linux/kvm_host.h | 9 +++ include/linux/pagemap.h | 16 +++++ include/linux/secretmem.h | 18 ----- include/uapi/linux/kvm.h | 2 + lib/buildid.c | 4 +- mm/gup.c | 19 ++---- mm/mlock.c | 2 +- mm/secretmem.c | 8 +-- .../testing/selftests/kvm/guest_memfd_test.c | 2 + .../testing/selftests/kvm/include/kvm_util.h | 37 ++++++++--- .../testing/selftests/kvm/include/test_util.h | 8 +++ tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/elf.c | 8 +-- tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/io.c | 23 +++++++ tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/kvm_util.c | 61 +++++++++-------- tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/test_util.c | 8 +++ tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86/sev.c | 1 + .../selftests/kvm/pre_fault_memory_test.c | 1 + .../selftests/kvm/set_memory_region_test.c | 50 ++++++++++++-- .../kvm/x86/private_mem_conversions_test.c | 7 +- virt/kvm/guest_memfd.c | 66 +++++++++++++++++-- virt/kvm/kvm_main.c | 8 +++ 30 files changed, 290 insertions(+), 94 deletions(-) base-commit: a6ad54137af92535cfe32e19e5f3bc1bb7dbd383 -- 2.51.0

1 week, 6 days

6
33
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[PATCH net-next] selftests: net: check jq command is supported

by Wang Liang

The jq command is used in vlan_bridge_binding.sh, if it is not supported, the test will spam the following log. # ./vlan_bridge_binding.sh: line 51: jq: command not found # ./vlan_bridge_binding.sh: line 51: jq: command not found # ./vlan_bridge_binding.sh: line 51: jq: command not found # ./vlan_bridge_binding.sh: line 51: jq: command not found # ./vlan_bridge_binding.sh: line 51: jq: command not found # TEST: Test bridge_binding on->off when lower down [FAIL] # Got operstate of , expected 0 The rtnetlink.sh has the same problem. It makes sense to check if jq is installed before running these tests. After this patch, the vlan_bridge_binding.sh skipped if jq is not supported: # timeout set to 3600 # selftests: net: vlan_bridge_binding.sh # TEST: jq not installed [SKIP] Signed-off-by: Wang Liang <wangliang74(a)huawei.com> --- tools/testing/selftests/net/rtnetlink.sh | 2 ++ tools/testing/selftests/net/vlan_bridge_binding.sh | 2 ++ 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+) diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/rtnetlink.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/net/rtnetlink.sh index dbf77513f617..163a084d525d 100755 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/rtnetlink.sh +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/rtnetlink.sh @@ -1466,6 +1466,8 @@ usage: ${0##*/} OPTS EOF } +require_command jq + #check for needed privileges if [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ];then end_test "SKIP: Need root privileges" diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/vlan_bridge_binding.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/net/vlan_bridge_binding.sh index db481af9b6b3..e8c02c64e03a 100755 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/vlan_bridge_binding.sh +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/vlan_bridge_binding.sh @@ -249,6 +249,8 @@ test_binding_toggle_off_when_upper_down() do_test_binding_off : "on->off when upper down" } +require_command jq + trap defer_scopes_cleanup EXIT setup_prepare tests_run -- 2.34.1

1 week, 6 days

3
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Official Notification from Mr. Shri Rajesh Kumar, from the Indian Cyber Crime

by Mr.Shri Rajesh

Attention Please find attached an important document issued by Mr. Shri Rajesh Kumar, Chief Executive Officer of the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C), for your review and reference. Kindly review the contents carefully and respond immediately. Best regards, Mr. Shri Rajesh Kumar, Chief Executive Officer Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C)

2 weeks

1
0
0 0

[PATCH] filelock: add .gitignore

by Kriish Sharma

Add a .gitignore to tools/testing/selftests/filelock to ignore build artifacts. This prevents accidental commits of object files or binaries. Signed-off-by: Kriish Sharma <kriish.sharma2006(a)gmail.com> --- tools/testing/selftests/filelock/.gitignore | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/filelock/.gitignore diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filelock/.gitignore b/tools/testing/selftests/filelock/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..410842f05f90 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filelock/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only +ofdlocks \ No newline at end of file -- 2.34.1

2 weeks

1
1
0 0

[PATCH bpf-next v4 0/2] Add kfuncs bpf_strcasestr and bpf_strncasestr

by Rong Tao

From: Rong Tao <rongtao(a)cestc.cn> Add kfuncs bpf_strcasestr and bpf_strncasestr, which are extensions of bpf_strstr and bpf_strnstr, suitable for more scenarios. Rong Tao (2): bpf: add bpf_strcasestr,bpf_strncasestr kfuncs selftests/bpf: Test bpf_strcasestr,bpf_strncasestr kfuncs kernel/bpf/helpers.c | 98 +++++++++++++++---- .../selftests/bpf/prog_tests/string_kfuncs.c | 2 + .../bpf/progs/string_kfuncs_failure1.c | 12 +++ .../bpf/progs/string_kfuncs_failure2.c | 2 + .../bpf/progs/string_kfuncs_success.c | 10 ++ 5 files changed, 103 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-) --- v4: Fix wrong comment. v3: keep __bpf_strnstr() static and compress some tests. https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/tencent_6E59062E4249590597452A06AFCDA3098808@q… v2: remove extra __bpf_kfunc and fix comment of bpf_strncasestr(). https://lore.kernel.org/all/tencent_6D228941AB904DD6E1E58C8ACDEBEC280C06@qq… v1: https://lore.kernel.org/all/tencent_8AF4D15B4475031E2185ACDE4B1495995707@qq… -- 2.51.0

2 weeks

2
1
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[PATCH 0/2] KVM: arm64: selftests: Cover ID_AA64ISAR3_EL1 in set_id_regs

by Mark Brown

The set_id_regs selftest lacks coverag for ID_AA64ISR3_EL1 which has several features exposed to KVM guests in it. Add coverage, and while we're here adjust the test to improve maintainability a bit. The test will fail without the recently applied change adding FEAT_LSFE: https://lore.kernel.org/r/175829303126.1764550.939188785634158487.b4-ty@ker… Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie(a)kernel.org> --- Mark Brown (2): KVM: arm64: selftests: Remove a duplicate register listing in set_id_regs KVM: arm64: selftests: Cover ID_AA64ISAR3_EL1 in set_id_regs tools/testing/selftests/kvm/arm64/set_id_regs.c | 22 ++++++++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) --- base-commit: 5db15c998c390efbe5c82f6cda77cb896a3a6a3e change-id: 20250919-kvm-arm64-id-aa64isar3-el1-f0bd8ab3d36b Best regards, -- Mark Brown <broonie(a)kernel.org>

2 weeks

4
7
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