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[PATCH] dma-fence: Make dma_fence_dedup_array() robust against 0-count input

by Baineng Shou

dma_fence_dedup_array() returns 1 when called with num_fences == 0: the for-loop body never executes, j stays at 0, and the final `return ++j` yields 1. This contradicts both the kernel-doc ("Return: Number of unique fences remaining in the array") and the natural expectation that 0 input gives 0 output. All in-tree callers currently filter num_fences == 0 before invoking this helper (__dma_fence_unwrap_merge() bails out via the `if (count == 0 || count == 1)` fast path; amdgpu_userq_wait_*() cannot reach the dedup call with a zero local count because the amdgpu_userq_wait_add_fence() helper guarantees num_fences stays in [0, wait_info->num_fences], and wait_info->num_fences > 0 is enforced at the ioctl entry). However, dma_fence_dedup_array() is EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL, so any future caller that forgets to pre-filter the zero case will get a misleading return value of 1. Depending on how that caller uses the result, it could dereference an uninitialized fence slot in the array, since the caller's array may have been allocated but not yet populated. Make the contract match the documentation by returning 0 early. This also skips an unnecessary sort() call on an empty array. Signed-off-by: Baineng Shou <shoubaineng(a)gmail.com> --- drivers/dma-buf/dma-fence-unwrap.c | 3 +++ 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+) diff --git a/drivers/dma-buf/dma-fence-unwrap.c b/drivers/dma-buf/dma-fence-unwrap.c index 53bb40e70b27..364cbf79ad73 100644 --- a/drivers/dma-buf/dma-fence-unwrap.c +++ b/drivers/dma-buf/dma-fence-unwrap.c @@ -97,6 +97,9 @@ int dma_fence_dedup_array(struct dma_fence **fences, int num_fences) { int i, j; + if (!num_fences) + return 0; + sort(fences, num_fences, sizeof(*fences), fence_cmp, NULL); /* -- 2.34.1

22 minutes

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by oliver kell

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45 minutes

Shred Some Slopes: Getting the Hang of Snow Rider 3D

by careful.earthworm.usil＠hidingmail.com

Feeling the need for speed and a bit of winter fun, even when the weather outside is frightful? Then maybe it’s time to check out Snow Rider 3D. This simple but surprisingly addictive game offers a thrill of downhill skiing and snowboarding right from your browser, no downloads required. Let’s break down how to jump in and start enjoying this surprisingly engaging title. https://snowriderfree.com/ Gameplay: Simple Controls, Endless Possibilities The core gameplay of Snow Rider 3D is deceptively straightforward. You control your character's direction using the left and right arrow keys (or A and D). Your objective? Navigate through a series of procedurally generated slopes littered with obstacles. These obstacles range from simple ramps and rails to more challenging hazards like trees, snowdrifts, and even abandoned shacks. The beauty of Snow Rider 3D lies in its physics. While simple, they feel surprisingly realistic. You'll need to anticipate turns, adjust your speed, and time your jumps to successfully navigate the terrain. A crash will reset you to the beginning of the course, so precision and patience are key. The game offers different levels, each presenting a unique challenge. Some focus on speed and long jumps, while others demand skillful maneuvering through tight spaces. As you progress, you unlock new skins and sleds, adding a touch of customization to your experience. Think of it as a casual time-killer that can quickly turn into an hour-long obsession! Tips for Mastering the Mountain: Alright, so you're ready to hit the slopes. Here are a few tips to help you improve your runs and avoid those frustrating wipeouts: Practice Makes Perfect: Don't get discouraged by early crashes. The more you play, the better you'll understand the physics and learn to anticipate the terrain. Master the Turns: Smooth, controlled turns are essential for maintaining speed and avoiding obstacles. Practice feathering the arrow keys to make subtle adjustments. Timing is Everything: When approaching jumps and ramps, pay close attention to your speed and angle. A well-timed jump can make all the difference. Don't Be Afraid to Slow Down: Sometimes, the fastest route isn't the safest. Don't be afraid to ease off the gas and navigate tricky sections with caution. Consider looking up guides for specific levels of Snow Rider 3D at websites like Snow Rider 3D if you’re really struggling. Experiment with Sleds and Skins: Different sleds may offer slight variations in handling. Try out different options to find one that suits your playstyle. Conclusion: A Fun and Accessible Winter Escape Snow Rider 3D is a surprisingly addictive and accessible game that’s perfect for a quick dose of winter fun. It's simple controls and challenging gameplay make it easy to pick up and play, while its procedural generation ensures that each run is a unique experience. So, whether you're looking for a casual time-killer or a challenging skill-based game, Snow Rider 3D is definitely worth checking out.

48 minutes

Bake Your Way to Billions: A Look at the Addictive World of Store Management Games

by hot.meerkat.lloh＠hidingmail.net

Ever dreamed of running your own bustling enterprise, watching your profits soar, and building an empire from humble beginnings? If so, you've likely stumbled upon the fascinating and surprisingly addictive world of store management games. These titles offer a unique blend of strategy, incremental growth, and the satisfying feeling of seeing your hard work pay off. And when it comes to the purest, most delightful form of this genre, one game stands out: https://cookieclickers.io/ The Sweet Simplicity of Cookie Clicker: A Gateway to Management At its heart, Cookie Clicker is incredibly simple. You start with a single, humble cookie, and your goal is to click it to generate more cookies. These initial clicks are crucial, as they fund your first upgrades. Soon, you’ll be able to purchase "grandmas," who automatically bake cookies for you, freeing up your clicking finger. From there, the sky's the limit! You'll acquire farms, factories, mines, and even portals to other dimensions, all dedicated to the singular purpose of baking more and more cookies. What makes Cookie Clicker so captivating is its elegant progression system. Each new upgrade and building provides a tangible boost to your cookie production, creating a satisfying feedback loop. The numbers on your screen grow exponentially, transforming from humble dozens to mind-boggling septillions and beyond. It’s a masterclass in incremental design, making every new purchase feel impactful and exciting. Beyond the Click: Strategic Thinking and Exponential Growth While the initial appeal of Cookie Clicker might be the simple act of clicking, true mastery lies in strategic decision-making. As your cookie empire expands, you'll be faced with choices: Upgrade Prioritization: Should you invest in another Grandma, a new farm, or a powerful upgrade that boosts all your existing structures? Understanding the cost-benefit analysis of each option is key. Synergies: Many upgrades have synergistic effects, meaning they become more powerful when paired with specific buildings. Discovering these combinations is a delightful puzzle. Ascension and Prestige: Eventually, you’ll unlock the ability to “ascend,” resetting your game but granting you powerful "heavenly chips" that provide permanent bonuses. This meta-progression adds a whole new layer of long-term strategy, encouraging you to rethink your approach with each new playthrough. These elements elevate Cookie Clicker from a simple clicking game to a genuinely engaging management simulation. It teaches you about exponential growth, compound interest (in a fun, cookie-filled way!), and the satisfaction of building something from nothing. Tips for Aspiring Cookie Tycoons If you’re ready to dive into the sweet, sweet world of Cookie Clicker, here are a few friendly tips to get you started: Don't Be Afraid to Click! In the early game, your clicks are your most valuable resource. Keep that finger moving! Invest in Grandmas Early: They're your first step towards automation and a steady cookie income. Always Buy Upgrades: The small boosts they provide add up quickly and are often more cost-effective than new buildings in the short term. Look for Golden Cookies: These appear randomly and offer temporary, powerful buffs. Clicking them can drastically boost your production! Consider Ascending: While it seems daunting to reset your progress, the permanent bonuses you gain make future runs much faster and more efficient. The Endless Appeal of Automation Cookie Clicker, and store management games in general, tap into a fundamental human desire: the joy of creation and the satisfaction of watching systems work efficiently. There's a particular kind of quiet pleasure in setting up a well-oiled machine and observing its output multiply. So, if you're looking for a game that's easy to pick up, surprisingly deep, and immensely satisfying, give Cookie Clicker a try. You might just find yourself baking billions before you know it!

13 hours, 37 minutes

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1 day

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1 day, 14 hours

Prepare to Rage Quit (and Maybe Love It): Diving into Level Devil

by graceful.earthworm.hsos＠hidingmail.com

So, you're looking for a new game to sink your teeth into? Something challenging, maybe a little bit infuriating, and definitely memorable? Look no further than Level Devil. This deceptively simple platformer is a masterclass in trickery, constantly changing the rules and keeping you on your toes. But don't be intimidated! With a little patience (and maybe a stress ball), you can conquer its devilish design. https://leveldevilfull.com Gameplay: Expect the Unexpected At its core, Level Devil is a 2D platformer. You control a little pixelated character tasked with reaching the exit door in each level. Sounds easy, right? Wrong. The beauty (and the frustration) lies in the unpredictable nature of the environment. Platforms crumble beneath your feet, spikes appear out of nowhere, and the ground itself can vanish unexpectedly. Each level introduces new challenges, forcing you to adapt your strategy on the fly. You'll encounter moving platforms, disappearing blocks, and even gravity-defying puzzles. The real kicker? The layout of the levels often changes on each attempt, meaning memorization alone won't cut it. You need to be quick-witted and reactive. The charm of Level Devil is its lack of hand-holding. There are no tutorials, no hints, and no mercy. You're thrown straight into the deep end, forced to learn from your mistakes (and trust me, there will be plenty). That feeling of finally overcoming a particularly difficult section is incredibly rewarding. It's a game that demands your full attention and rewards persistence. Tips for Taming the Devil While Level Devil thrives on its unpredictability, here are a few tips to help you navigate its treacherous landscape: • Patience is Key: This game is designed to test your limits. Don't get discouraged by frequent deaths. Treat each attempt as a learning experience. • Observe Carefully: Before making a move, take a moment to scan the environment. Look for subtle cues that might indicate impending danger. • Embrace Failure: You will die. A lot. Embrace it as part of the learning process. Each death provides valuable insight into the level's design. • Don't Overthink It: Sometimes, the solution is simpler than you think. Avoid overcomplicating your approach. • Take Breaks: If you find yourself getting too frustrated, step away from the game for a while. Come back with a fresh perspective. • Listen to the Sound: The game’s audio cues often hint at upcoming dangers. Pay close attention! Level Devil utilizes sound design to enhance the experience (and sometimes, to cleverly mislead you!). Conclusion: A Test of Skill and Sanity Level Devil isn't for the faint of heart. It's a challenging and often frustrating experience. However, it's also incredibly rewarding. The constant surprises, the need for quick thinking, and the sheer satisfaction of overcoming its devilish design make it a truly unique and memorable game. If you're looking for a platformer that will push you to your limits and leave you feeling accomplished, then Level Devil is definitely worth a try. Just be prepared to rage quit... and then come back for more.

1 day, 18 hours

Re: [PATCH] fix: dma-buf: unwrap_merge_complex: dma_fence_get_stub reference leaked on all paths

by Christian König

On 6/26/26 14:28, WenTao Liang wrote: > dma_fence_get_stub() acquires an extra reference on the global stub > fence, but this reference is never released on any execution path. The > stub fence is filtered out inside dma_fence_unwrap_merge (already > signaled), so the extra reference is never consumed. Both success and > error paths fail to call dma_fence_put on the stub. > > Cc: stable(a)vger.kernel.org > Fixes: 245a4a7b531c ("dma-buf: generalize dma_fence unwrap & merging v3") Just drop that, the stub fence is a global dummy and leaking reference to it is harmless. But just in case somebody uses this code as blueprint for this own implementation we should probably clean it up. > Signed-off-by: WenTao Liang <vulab(a)iscas.ac.cn> Reviewed-by: Christian König <christian.koenig(a)amd.com> > --- > drivers/dma-buf/st-dma-fence-unwrap.c | 11 +++++++---- > 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) > > diff --git a/drivers/dma-buf/st-dma-fence-unwrap.c b/drivers/dma-buf/st-dma-fence-unwrap.c > index 72ca632e3981..b9ed85570211 100644 > --- a/drivers/dma-buf/st-dma-fence-unwrap.c > +++ b/drivers/dma-buf/st-dma-fence-unwrap.c > @@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ static int unwrap_merge_order(void *arg) > > static int unwrap_merge_complex(void *arg) > { > - struct dma_fence *fence, *f1, *f2, *f3, *f4, *f5; > + struct dma_fence *fence, *f1, *f2, *f3, *f4, *f5, *stub; > struct dma_fence_unwrap iter; > int err = -ENOMEM; > > @@ -508,10 +508,11 @@ static int unwrap_merge_complex(void *arg) > if (!f4) > goto error_put_f3; > > + stub = dma_fence_get_stub(); > /* Signaled fences should be filtered, the two arrays merged. */ > - f5 = dma_fence_unwrap_merge(f3, f4, dma_fence_get_stub()); > + f5 = dma_fence_unwrap_merge(f3, f4, stub); > if (!f5) > - goto error_put_f4; > + goto error_put_stub; > > err = 0; > dma_fence_unwrap_for_each(fence, &iter, f5) { > @@ -532,8 +533,10 @@ static int unwrap_merge_complex(void *arg) > err = -EINVAL; > } > > + dma_fence_put(stub); > dma_fence_put(f5); > -error_put_f4: > +error_put_stub: > + dma_fence_put(stub); > dma_fence_put(f4); > error_put_f3: > dma_fence_put(f3);

2 days, 14 hours

Re: [PATCH] fix: dma-buf: unwrap_merge_order: success path leaks chain and array fence references

by Christian König

On 6/26/26 14:21, WenTao Liang wrote: > The success path only releases a2 via dma_fence_put but does not release > a1, c1, or c2. The dma_fence_get calls at lines 440 and 445 were intended > to pass references to mock_chain, but mock_chain already acquires its own > references internally, making these extra gets surplus and permanently > leaked. > > Cc: stable(a)vger.kernel.org > Fixes: b1cce631e61f ("dma-buf: add selftest for fence order after merge") Please drop that, this is a minor issue in a unit test and not anything which needs backporting. > Signed-off-by: WenTao Liang <vulab(a)iscas.ac.cn> > --- > drivers/dma-buf/st-dma-fence-unwrap.c | 2 ++ > 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) > > diff --git a/drivers/dma-buf/st-dma-fence-unwrap.c b/drivers/dma-buf/st-dma-fence-unwrap.c > index 9c74195f47fd..72ca632e3981 100644 > --- a/drivers/dma-buf/st-dma-fence-unwrap.c > +++ b/drivers/dma-buf/st-dma-fence-unwrap.c > @@ -472,6 +472,8 @@ static int unwrap_merge_order(void *arg) > } > > dma_fence_put(a2); > + dma_fence_put(c2); > + dma_fence_put(a1); That looks correct to me, but the error handler below is incorrect as well. When c2 allocation fails we also need to release c1. Regards, Christian. > return err; > > error_put_a1:

2 days, 14 hours

Re: [PATCH] fix: dma-buf: fence_chains_init: error unwind path leaks enable_sw_signaling reference

by Christian König

On 6/26/26 14:18, WenTao Liang wrote: > dma_fence_enable_sw_signaling acquires an extra reference on each chain > fence. The error unwind loop calls dma_fence_put only once per > chain/fence without first signaling the fence to trigger the callback > that releases the signaling reference. This prevents the chain fence kref > from reaching 0, permanently leaking the chain and its contained fence. > > Cc: stable(a)vger.kernel.org > Fixes: dc2f7e67a28a ("dma-buf: Exercise dma-fence-chain under selftests") Please drop that, this is a minor issue in a unit test and not anything which needs backporting. > Signed-off-by: WenTao Liang <vulab(a)iscas.ac.cn> > --- > drivers/dma-buf/st-dma-fence-chain.c | 5 ++++- > 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) > > diff --git a/drivers/dma-buf/st-dma-fence-chain.c b/drivers/dma-buf/st-dma-fence-chain.c > index 821023dd34df..7dc18e294387 100644 > --- a/drivers/dma-buf/st-dma-fence-chain.c > +++ b/drivers/dma-buf/st-dma-fence-chain.c > @@ -152,7 +152,10 @@ static int fence_chains_init(struct fence_chains *fc, unsigned int count, > > unwind: > for (i = 0; i < count; i++) { > - dma_fence_put(fc->fences[i]); > + if (fc->fences[i]) { > + dma_fence_signal(fc->fences[i]); > + dma_fence_put(fc->fences[i]); > + } The usual text book idiom for such cleanup cases is: while (i--) { dma_fence_signal(fc->fences[i]); dma_fence_put(fc->chains[i]); } Additional to that we need a different error handling target for the case that the mock_chain() allocation fails (or just do another dma_fence_put there). Regards, Christian. > dma_fence_put(fc->chains[i]); > } > kvfree(fc->fences);

2 days, 15 hours

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