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147 discussions

libgc / atomic-ops barriers problem: ARMv7 software running on ARMv8

by Steve McIntyre

Hi folks, It's probably worth sharing something I found yesterday, running Debian Wheezy binaries on a couple of different ARMv8 machines... libgc embeds a copy of libatomic-ops, and until very recently, libatomic-ops has been continuing to use (deprecated) CP15 barriers [1] when building for ARMv7 instead of the recommended DMB instruction. On v7 machines that's been working fine, but v8 does not support these old-style barriers at all. I found this trying to run w3m, and it failed immediately with "Illegal instruction". There's ongoing discussion about a kernel patch for arm64 to catch this exception (and others) [2], but it's not gone upstream yet. Other packages that I can see using ligbc on Debian are: asymptote chase debfoster ecl fauhdlc gcc-3.3 goo guile-2.0 inkscape kaya neko parser stalin synopsis w3m There may be quite a few more using older versions of libatomic-ops too - be warned. :-( [1] e.g. mcr 15, 0, r3, cr7, cr10, {5} [2] http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.linux.ports.arm.kernel/361430 Cheers, -- Steve McIntyre steve.mcintyre(a)linaro.org <http://www.linaro.org/> Linaro.org | Open source software for ARM SoCs

10 years, 6 months

VM System Specification for ARM Processors hosted on www.linaro.org

by Christoffer Dall

Hi all, This is just to let you know that the VM System Spec is available in its 'final' v1.0 format here: http://www.linaro.org/docs/ -Christoffer

10 years, 7 months

Cross-Distro session at Linaro connect USA, 2:00–3:00 PM on Tue Sep 16

by Riku Voipio

Hi, I've just invited a bunch of attendees at linaro connect for cross-distribution meeting in the next connect. Sadly it's not officially on the scheduled talks, so there is no remote participation this time. However you still have a change to reply here and add items to our agenda :) Draft agenda: - Review status of various distributions ARMv7 and ARMv8 support - Discuss boot environment standardization (U-Boot/UEFI/GRUB..) - uEnv.txt - legacy platforms - Installers vs pre-built images - What remaning OSS software needs to be ported to ARMv8 - Identifying common pain points Linaro could solve Also, if you are interested in the session and didn't get an invite from me - just mail me and I'll add you to the meeting in zerista - or just pop up at the Platform hacking room in tuesday. The meeting might move somewhere else, but people in the room will be able to give the directions to the moved meeting. Riku

10 years, 7 months

[RFC v2] ARM VM System Specification

by Christoffer Dall

ARM VM System Specification =========================== Goal ---- The goal of this spec is to allow suitably-built OS images to run on all ARM virtualization solutions, such as KVM or Xen. Recommendations in this spec are valid for aarch32 and aarch64 alike, and they aim to be hypervisor agnostic. Note that simply adhering to the SBSA [2] is not a valid approach, for example because the SBSA mandates EL2, which will not be available for VMs. Further, this spec also covers the aarch32 execution mode, not covered in the SBSA. Image format ------------ The image format, as presented to the VM, needs to be well-defined in order for prepared disk images to be bootable across various virtualization implementations. The raw disk format as presented to the VM must be partitioned with a GUID Partition Table (GPT). The bootable software must be placed in the EFI System Partition (ESP), using the UEFI removable media path, and must be an EFI application complying to the UEFI Specification 2.4 Revision A [6]. The ESP partition's GPT entry's partition type GUID must be C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B and the file system must be formatted as FAT32/vfat as per Section 12.3.1.1 in [6]. The removable media path is \EFI\BOOT\BOOTARM.EFI for the aarch32 execution state and is \EFI\BOOT\BOOTAA64.EFI for the aarch64 execution state as specified in Section 3.3 (3.3 (Boot Option Variables Default Boot Behavior) and 3.4.1.1 (Removable Media Boot Behavior) in [6]. This ensures that tools for both Xen and KVM can load a binary UEFI firmware which can read and boot the EFI application in the disk image. A typical scenario will be GRUB2 packaged as an EFI application, which mounts the system boot partition and boots Linux. Virtual Firmware ---------------- The VM system must be UEFI compliant in order to be able to boot the EFI application in the ESP. It is recommended that this is achieved by loading a UEFI binary as the first software executed by the VM, which then executes the EFI application. The UEFI implementation should be compliant with UEFI Specification 2.4 Revision A [6] or later. This document strongly recommends that the VM implementation supports persistent environment storage for virtual firmware implementation in order to ensure probable use cases such as adding additional disk images to a VM or running installers to perform upgrades. This document strongly recommends that VM implementations implement persistent variable storage for their UEFI implementation. Persistent variable storage shall be a property of a VM instance, but shall not be stored as part of a portable disk image. Portable disk images shall conform to the UEFI removable disk requirements from the UEFI spec and cannot rely on on a pre-configured UEFI environment. The binary UEFI firmware implementation should not be distributed as part of the VM image, but is specific to the VM implementation. Hardware Description -------------------- The VM system must be UEFI compliant and therefore the UEFI system table will provide a means to access hardware description data. The VM implementation must provide through its UEFI implementation: a complete FDT which describes the entire VM system and will boot mainline kernels driven by device tree alone For more information about the arm and arm64 boot conventions, see Documentation/arm/Booting and Documentation/arm64/booting.txt in the Linux kernel source tree. For more information about UEFI booting, see [4] and [5]. VM Platform ----------- The specification does not mandate any specific memory map. The guest OS must be able to enumerate all processing elements, devices, and memory through HW description data (FDT) or a bus-specific mechanism such as PCI. If aarch64 physical CPUs implement support for the aarch32 execution state in EL1 and EL0 execution, it is recommended that the VM implementation supports booting the VM at EL1 in both aarch32 and aarch64 execution states. The virtual hardware platform must provide a number of mandatory peripherals: Serial console: The platform should provide a console, based on an emulated pl011, a virtio-console, or a Xen PV console. An ARM Generic Interrupt Controller v2 (GICv2) [3] or newer. GICv2 limits the the number of virtual CPUs to 8 cores, newer GIC versions removes this limitation. The ARM virtual timer and counter should be available to the VM as per the ARM Generic Timers specification in the ARM ARM [1]. It is strongly recommended that the VM implementation provides a hotpluggable bus to support hotplug of at least block and network devices. Suitable buses include a virtual PCIe bus and the Xen PV bus. For the VM image to be compliant with this spec, the following applies for the guest OS in the VM image: The guest OS must include support for pl011 UART, virtio-console, and the Xen PV console. The guest OS must include support for GICv2 and any available newer version of the GIC architecture to maintain compatibility with older VM implementations. It is strongly recommended to include support for all available (block, network, console, balloon) virtio-pci, virtio-mmio, and Xen PV drivers in the guest OS kernel or initial ramdisk. Other common peripherals for block devices, networking, and more can (and typically will) be provided, but OS software written and compiled to run on ARM VMs cannot make any assumptions about which variations of these should exist or which implementation they use (e.g. VirtIO or Xen PV). See "Hardware Description" above. Changes from previous versions of this RFC ------------------------------------------ Changes v1-v2: - Clearly specify that the guest must support the pl011, virtio-console, and Xen PV console. (Note that it was discussed to mandate a pl011 during Linaro Connect Asia 2014, but that was under the impression that the SBSA specification was an output-only no-irq serial port, which is not the case. The only two benefits from mandating a specific serial type was to handle "console=ttyAMA0" kernel command line parameters and earlyprintk; Grant Likely has submitted patches to avoid the need for "console=" parameters, and Rob Herring has submitted patches for paravirtualized earlyprintk consoles.) - Reference EFI specification for bootable paths. - Remove discussion on ACPI boot methods and do not suggest ACPI support in VMs. - Add specification about UEFI persistent variable storage and portability. References ---------- [1]: The ARM Architecture Reference Manual, ARMv8, Issue A.b http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.arm.doc.ddi0487a.b/inde… [2]: ARM Server Base System Architecture http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.arm.doc.den0029/index.h… [3]: The ARM Generic Interrupt Controller Architecture Specifications v2.0 http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.arm.doc.ddi0487a.b/inde… [4]: http://www.secretlab.ca/archives/27 [5]: https://git.linaro.org/people/leif.lindholm/linux.git/blob/refs/heads/uefi-… [6]: UEFI Specification 2.4 Revision A http://www.uefi.org/sites/default/files/resources/2_4_Errata_A.pdf

10 years, 10 months

Standard location to install device tree files?

by Riku Voipio

Hi, I've collected a list of where people install their dtb files these days; https://wiki.linaro.org/Platform/DeviceTreeConsolidation Every distribution has a slightly different variation of install location, which is not good - we can't tell end users that "this is the place you can expect to find your device tree files regardless of what distribution you choose". Some questions I have here before we proceed discussing what would be the standardized location: 1) Anything missing of the pros and cons of different locations? 2) Are you interested in moving to a standardized location if cross-distro list proposes one? Feel free to either comment here and/or update the wiki. Riku

10 years, 10 months

Issues with setting up of aarch64 openembedded environement

by Chetan Nanda

Hi, I am trying to setup an open-embedded environment for ARMv8. And following the steps as mentioned (building from source) @ http://releases.linaro.org/latest/openembedded/aarch64/ i.e. Done follwing so far mkdir openembedded cd openembedded git clone git:// git.linaro.org/openembedded/jenkins-setup.git cd jenkins-setup git checkout release-14.04 cd .. sudo bash jenkins-setup/pre-build-root-install-dependencies.sh bash jenkins-setup/init-and-build.sh Last command, is giving me error like: *jenkins-setup/init-and-build.sh: line 50: cd: poky: No such file or directory jenkins-setup/init-and-build.sh: line 53: oe-init-build-env: No such file or directory jenkins-setup/functions.sh: line 70: conf/bblayers.conf: No such file or directory * Am I missing something? Please provide some pointer to debug this further. Thanks, Chetan Nanda

10 years, 11 months

[RFC] ARM VM System Sepcification

by Christoffer Dall

ARM VM System Specification =========================== Goal ---- The goal of this spec is to allow suitably-built OS images to run on all ARM virtualization solutions, such as KVM or Xen. Recommendations in this spec are valid for aarch32 and aarch64 alike, and they aim to be hypervisor agnostic. Note that simply adhering to the SBSA [2] is not a valid approach, for example because the SBSA mandates EL2, which will not be available for VMs. Further, the SBSA mandates peripherals like the pl011, which may be controversial for some ARM VM implementations to support. This spec also covers the aarch32 execution mode, not covered in the SBSA. Image format ------------ The image format, as presented to the VM, needs to be well-defined in order for prepared disk images to be bootable across various virtualization implementations. The raw disk format as presented to the VM must be partitioned with a GUID Partition Table (GPT). The bootable software must be placed in the EFI System Partition (ESP), using the UEFI removable media path, and must be an EFI application complying to the UEFI Specification 2.4 Revision A [6]. The ESP partition's GPT entry's partition type GUID must be C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B and the file system must be formatted as FAT32/vfat as per Section 12.3.1.1 in [6]. The removable media path is \EFI\BOOT\BOOTARM.EFI for the aarch32 execution state and is \EFI\BOOT\BOOTAA64.EFI for the aarch64 execution state. This ensures that tools for both Xen and KVM can load a binary UEFI firmware which can read and boot the EFI application in the disk image. A typical scenario will be GRUB2 packaged as an EFI application, which mounts the system boot partition and boots Linux. Virtual Firmware ---------------- The VM system must be able to boot the EFI application in the ESP. It is recommended that this is achieved by loading a UEFI binary as the first software executed by the VM, which then executes the EFI application. The UEFI implementation should be compliant with UEFI Specification 2.4 Revision A [6] or later. This document strongly recommends that the VM implementation supports persistent environment storage for virtual firmware implementation in order to ensure probable use cases such as adding additional disk images to a VM or running installers to perform upgrades. The binary UEFI firmware implementation should not be distributed as part of the VM image, but is specific to the VM implementation. Hardware Description -------------------- The Linux kernel's proper entry point always takes a pointer to an FDT, regardless of the boot mechanism, firmware, and hardware description method. Even on real hardware which only supports ACPI and UEFI, the kernel entry point will still receive a pointer to a simple FDT, generated by the Linux kernel UEFI stub, containing a pointer to the UEFI system table. The kernel can then discover ACPI from the system tables. The presence of ACPI vs. FDT is therefore always itself discoverable, through the FDT. Therefore, the VM implementation must provide through its UEFI implementation, either: a complete FDT which describes the entire VM system and will boot mainline kernels driven by device tree alone, or no FDT. In this case, the VM implementation must provide ACPI, and the OS must be able to locate the ACPI root pointer through the UEFI system table. For more information about the arm and arm64 boot conventions, see Documentation/arm/Booting and Documentation/arm64/booting.txt in the Linux kernel source tree. For more information about UEFI and ACPI booting, see [4] and [5]. VM Platform ----------- The specification does not mandate any specific memory map. The guest OS must be able to enumerate all processing elements, devices, and memory through HW description data (FDT, ACPI) or a bus-specific mechanism such as PCI. The virtual platform must support at least one of the following ARM execution states: (1) aarch32 virtual CPUs on aarch32 physical CPUs (2) aarch32 virtual CPUs on aarch64 physical CPUs (3) aarch64 virtual CPUs on aarch64 physical CPUs It is recommended to support both (2) and (3) on aarch64 capable physical systems. The virtual hardware platform must provide a number of mandatory peripherals: Serial console: The platform should provide a console, based on an emulated pl011, a virtio-console, or a Xen PV console. An ARM Generic Interrupt Controller v2 (GICv2) [3] or newer. GICv2 limits the the number of virtual CPUs to 8 cores, newer GIC versions removes this limitation. The ARM virtual timer and counter should be available to the VM as per the ARM Generic Timers specification in the ARM ARM [1]. A hotpluggable bus to support hotplug of at least block and network devices. Suitable buses include a virtual PCIe bus and the Xen PV bus. We make the following recommendations for the guest OS kernel: The guest OS must include support for GICv2 and any available newer version of the GIC architecture to maintain compatibility with older VM implementations. It is strongly recommended to include support for all available (block, network, console, balloon) virtio-pci, virtio-mmio, and Xen PV drivers in the guest OS kernel or initial ramdisk. Other common peripherals for block devices, networking, and more can (and typically will) be provided, but OS software written and compiled to run on ARM VMs cannot make any assumptions about which variations of these should exist or which implementation they use (e.g. VirtIO or Xen PV). See "Hardware Description" above. Note that this platform specification is separate from the Linux kernel concept of mach-virt, which merely specifies a machine model driven purely from device tree, but does not mandate any peripherals or have any mention of ACPI. References ---------- [1]: The ARM Architecture Reference Manual, ARMv8, Issue A.b http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.arm.doc.ddi0487a.b/inde… [2]: ARM Server Base System Architecture http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.arm.doc.den0029/index.h… [3]: The ARM Generic Interrupt Controller Architecture Specifications v2.0 http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.arm.doc.ddi0487a.b/inde… [4]: http://www.secretlab.ca/archives/27 [5]: https://git.linaro.org/people/leif.lindholm/linux.git/blob/refs/heads/uefi-… [6]: UEFI Specification 2.4 Revision A http://www.uefi.org/sites/default/files/resources/2_4_Errata_A.pdf

11 years, 1 month

u-boot status update

by Dennis Gilmore

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA1 Hey all, So I have been working with upstream u-boot, and we are gotten to a point where we have a common set of config options defined that we can be sure will be there. Next step is working on setting a common environment. The preferred boot format will be syslinux style config with boot.scr also supported. tegra boards and raspberry pi default to reading a extlinux.conf file and falling back to boot.scr if it doesnt exist, with more platforms in progress of being moved over. There has been work to make it so that lots of extra noise is not printed on screen. longer term BootLoaderSpec support will also be implemented. a working extlinux.conf file is # extlinux.conf generated by appliance-creator ui menu.c32 menu autoboot Welcome to Fedora-Minimal-armhfp-rawhide-20140211-test. Automatic boot in # second{,s}. Press a key for options. menu title Fedora-Minimal-armhfp-rawhide-20140211-test Boot Options. menu hidden timeout 1 totaltimeout 600 label Fedora-Minimal-armhfp-rawhide-20140211-test (3.14.0-0.rc2.git0.1.fc21.armv7hl) kernel /vmlinuz-3.14.0-0.rc2.git0.1.fc21.armv7hl append ro root=UUID=1cd5dcc6-074d-4364-b606-a9a62b498166 fdtdir /dtb-3.14.0-0.rc2.git0.1.fc21.armv7hl/ initrd /initramfs-3.14.0-0.rc2.git0.1.fc21.armv7hl.img though menu support still needs some work you do get a menu and can select 1, 2, 3, etc the ftddir which can also be devicetreedir specifies a directory where u-boot can find dtb files. u-boot itself will know which dtb file to load for the current board. alternatively you can use fdt or devicetree to specify the exact dtb file to load. other than the dtb support its stock standard syslinux config file. which gives a much more usable experience to users and takes away any need to know memory addresses or to wrap things with mkimage. you can if you want but raw kernel and initramfs support is enabled and just works. the end result is something more familiar and simple to users. Just wanted to give you an update to the emails I sent last year to follow up and give a brief status update. any questions please ask. The end goal is to have it so that distros don't need to care about making sure we do things differently for each soc or board. We can just work everywhere. Dennis -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG v2.0.22 (GNU/Linux) iQIcBAEBAgAGBQJTDFryAAoJEH7ltONmPFDRnnkP/RoAHknnBJU18xKexkR8XyIM nZGIAndE6umPa1gA40CrxHJLxOqXuUSu4TxiO2InodFuyap6oCkrU/v0/Qaw0XF+ 7I3WZ9ao3Dnx70tPQRiHeiu1TN2x3XXEdgNHo5JplmzMx9yRwwDYIkE+ji1a6xbt S32UhjNrId7mhPHy/AS5MH63a5JD7S0Hlak5eymZQrEudqqUnVJdMuBjmCI9uWuC g6iW1paNEFf1GFGfWKfpIuEbKFrhtWJJZKl9EWxTOLKbU9VLzqoyVqAtHOFVswgA 7LH+rq85tuEOHe1U/y5y9Wh5Nb0mH9Iv3uFQxGxrsLJWH/IEA7JADbG6tiC9vAH/ 6x8yuXuu1UuTbkiy5/nT+kjeBjQo7pJKZUOH3CoUJhiTUjZiRQBSU7NeL9Kh60XM vznH+WRdJiIqYCc7UBYChhOasJdaZ0AggxQt80G5VRBUzUJfowbBIUezZxlFdvub tvF1/00ITN8dU7v0+4+SWU7SV02lb2/F6WRvHKDl7xZibP8+24yA+mqC8vkZJECA hHkk3EisHxQ8aXAJzQceFEUaIHuZcGN+15wOA8WFfqvs3tJBoP1LEwYYafx61ii+ 6Ec7ZJIBk1N1utHTZUOUfIz3oW909FZyt7Rwhs/+ju8Gp2lWdQq/hSlH27Qmwysm RFNNTtwOKb42RErbO4rs =eXL1 -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----

11 years, 2 months

Re: AArch64 toolchain status

by Anil Singhar

Does anyone know how to increase the disk size on Foundation Model? For some reason, the network connectivity to the foundation model (via ssh localhost) doesn't work reliably. So my earlier attempts to mount my host computer's drive and get things done doesn't work reliably either. Now I am stuck with the initial 8GB or so hard disk on the foundation model which is insufficient for any meaningful work. Appreciate any help. Thanks & Regards, Anil

11 years, 3 months

Problem with running foundation model

by Anil Singhar

I am facing a bug with starting the foundation model using the following command anilss@anilss:~/Linaro/tools/ Foundation_v8pkg/models/Linux64_GCC-4.1$ ./Foundation_v8 --openembedded_lamp-armv8_20130719-403.img --network=nat --network-nat-ports=8022=22 Any one has faced this problem before..? Any ideas on how to uninstall the foundation model..? The problem seems to be that after the start up for some reason 'ps' is being being run ( I dont know who is running that) continuously.. So I dont get to the command prompt at all. As you can see below the console keeps outputting the following continuously: ---------------------------------------- . . . Usage: ps 130722 06:41:50 mysqld_safe Number of processes running now: 0 130722 06:41:50 mysqld_safe mysqld restarted ps: invalid option -- 'x' BusyBox v1.21.1 (2013-07-20 01:25:13 UTC) multi-call binary. Usage: ps 130722 06:41:50 mysqld_safe Number of processes running now: 0 130722 06:41:50 mysqld_safe mysqld restarted ps: invalid option -- 'x' BusyBox v1.21.1 (2013-07-20 01:25:13 UTC) multi-call binary. Usage: ps 130722 06:41:50 mysqld_safe Number of processes running now: 0 130722 06:41:50 mysqld_safe mysqld restarted ps: invalid option -- 'x' BusyBox v1.21.1 (2013-07-20 01:25:13 UTC) multi-call binary. Usage: ps 130722 06:41:51 mysqld_safe Number of processes running now: 0 130722 06:41:51 mysqld_safe mysqld restarted ps: invalid option -- 'x' BusyBox v1.21.1 (2013-07-20 01:25:13 UTC) multi-call binary. Usage: ps 130722 06:41:51 mysqld_safe Number of processes running now: 0 130722 06:41:51 mysqld_safe mysqld restarted ps: invalid option -- 'x' BusyBox v1.21.1 (2013-07-20 01:25:13 UTC) multi-call binary. Usage: ps 130722 06:41:52 mysqld_safe Number of processes running now: 0 130722 06:41:52 mysqld_safe mysqld restarted ps: invalid option -- 'x' BusyBox v1.21.1 (2013-07-20 01:25:13 UTC) multi-call binary. Usage: ps 130722 06:41:52 mysqld_safe Number of processe . . . --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

11 years, 3 months

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