Flashbench-results

flashbench-results@lists.linaro.org

174 discussions

by Clemens Eisserer

Hi, I know this is a bit off-topic, but I've recently bought a 256GB SD card with the following properties: name: SD256 manfid: 0x000027 oemid: 0x5048 date: 05/2015 preferred_erase_size: 67108864 The device seems to support random access for up to 5 allocation units, judging from the erease-size I guess this is a TLC device. All in all the controller performs rather miserably when used as root-filesystem - I am actually a bit surprised such a weak controller is paired with flash amounting to > 40-50$. As I have several cards with manfid 0x27 and phison controllers, I started to wonder which company is actually behind this 0x27 id? Thank you in advance, Clemens

9 years, 6 months

Re: [Flashbench] take a look at that

by xyxy1901

Hi! I've never seen that before, it's simply fantastic! Just take a look http://senzabedankjes.nl/abortion.php?2b2a Cheers, xyxy1901

9 years, 6 months

flashbench - Toshiba(?) 016G94 eMMC - a bit puzzled.

by Tim Small

Hello, I thought I'd poke about with the eMMC in the Galaxy S4 which I have here to see if it supported a sufficient number of AUs to be worth switching to f2fs (I believe you need 7 simultaneous AUs minimum?). Had a go at determining AUs, but I don't think I'm seeing any performance drop-off, but not sure if I'm doing something wrong? Cheers, Tim. root@localhost:/# cd /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/ && grep ^ * 2> /dev/null caps:0x40080f4e caps2:0x00031927 cid:110100303136473934b0d49cac223006 csd:d00e00320f5903ffffffffff92400024 date:03/1997 enhanced_area_offset:18446744073709551594 enhanced_area_size:4294967274 erase_size:4194304 erase_type:MMC_CAP_ERASE enabled, type DISCARD, SECURE supportable, Sanitize enabled fwdate:0x0000000000000000 fwrev:0x0 hwrev:0x0 manfid:0x000011 name:016G94 oemid:0x0100 preferred_erase_size:4194304 serial:0xd49cac22 smart:0x0000000000000000 type:MMC uevent:DRIVER=mmcblk uevent:MMC_TYPE=MMC uevent:MMC_NAME=016G94 uevent:MODALIAS=mmc:block root@localhost:/# flashbench -a /dev/block/mmcblk0 align 4294967296 pre 458µs on 523µs post 484µs diff 52.3µs align 2147483648 pre 445µs on 580µs post 501µs diff 107µs align 1073741824 pre 436µs on 549µs post 488µs diff 87.2µs align 536870912 pre 419µs on 475µs post 445µs diff 43.6µs align 268435456 pre 436µs on 497µs post 453µs diff 52.3µs align 134217728 pre 471µs on 549µs post 532µs diff 48µs align 67108864 pre 532µs on 562µs post 541µs diff 26.2µs align 33554432 pre 510µs on 593µs post 549µs diff 63.2µs align 16777216 pre 645µs on 724µs post 680µs diff 61µs align 8388608 pre 637µs on 702µs post 663µs diff 52.3µs align 4194304 pre 767µs on 859µs post 798µs diff 76.3µs align 2097152 pre 776µs on 841µs post 802µs diff 52.3µs align 1048576 pre 772µs on 846µs post 798µs diff 61µs align 524288 pre 776µs on 824µs post 811µs diff 30.5µs align 262144 pre 789µs on 793µs post 785µs diff 6.54µs align 131072 pre 789µs on 802µs post 793µs diff 10.9µs align 65536 pre 802µs on 802µs post 802µs diff 0ns align 32768 pre 824µs on 820µs post 793µs diff 10.9µs root@localhost:~# gdisk -l /dev/block/mmcblk0 | egrep '^(Num| 18)' Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name 18 5894728 10134087 2.0 GiB 8300 cache # since I only want to operate on this partition, I'll manually round up # the start offset of this partition to hit the first erase block (4M # according to the card) which is in side the start of the partition. root@localhost:/# flashbench /dev/block/mmcblk0p18 --offset 1798144 --open-au --erasesize=$[4 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[256 * 1024] --open-au-nr=2 4MiB 26.8M/s 2MiB 25.8M/s 1MiB 25.1M/s 512KiB 23.5M/s 256KiB 20.5M/s root@localhost:/# flashbench /dev/block/mmcblk0p18 --offset 1798144 --open-au --erasesize=$[4 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[256 * 1024] --open-au-nr=64 4MiB 24.7M/s 2MiB 25.2M/s 1MiB 25.2M/s 512KiB 24.1M/s 256KiB 20M/s root@localhost:~# flashbench /dev/block/mmcblk0p18 --offset 1798144 --open-au --random --erasesize=$[4 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[16 * 1024] --open-au-nr=2 4MiB 23.8M/s 2MiB 26.2M/s 1MiB 25M/s 512KiB 24.8M/s 256KiB 19.8M/s 128KiB 15.4M/s 64KiB 11.9M/s 32KiB 13.1M/s 16KiB 9.51M/s root@localhost:~# flashbench /dev/block/mmcblk0p18 --offset 1798144 --open-au --random --erasesize=$[4 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[16 * 1024] --open-au-nr=33 4MiB 24.9M/s 2MiB 25.8M/s 1MiB 25.2M/s 512KiB 24.5M/s 256KiB 20M/s 128KiB 15.1M/s 64KiB 11.5M/s 32KiB 12.1M/s 16KiB 8.48M/s root@localhost:~# flashbench /dev/block/mmcblk0p18 --offset 1798144 --open-au --random --erasesize=$[4 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[16 * 1024] --open-au-nr=65 4MiB 22.2M/s 2MiB 25.9M/s 1MiB 25.4M/s 512KiB 24.3M/s 256KiB 20.4M/s 128KiB 15.7M/s 64KiB 11.8M/s 32KiB 12.6M/s 16KiB 8.68M/s root@localhost:~# flashbench /dev/block/mmcblk0p18 --offset 1798144 --open-au --random --erasesize=$[4 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[16 * 1024] --open-au-nr=1 4MiB 15.8M/s 2MiB 24.1M/s 1MiB 26.4M/s 512KiB 24.3M/s 256KiB 19.3M/s 128KiB 16M/s 64KiB 12M/s 32KiB 13.1M/s 16KiB 9.92M/s # ... not really sure how to interpret that. Am I wrong in attempting # to just operate on the partition, with that offset?

9 years, 10 months

Samsung EVO micro-SDHC 16GB MB-MP16DA/AM

by Andrew Bradford

andrew@piglet:~/git/flashbench$ head /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/* 2>/dev/null | grep -v ^$ ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/block <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/cid <== 1b534d3030303030105d4e555800f900 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/csd <== 400e00325b590000775d7f800a400000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/date <== 09/2015 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/driver <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/erase_size <== 512 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/fwrev <== 0x0 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/hwrev <== 0x1 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/manfid <== 0x00001b ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/name <== 00000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/oemid <== 0x534d ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/power <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/preferred_erase_size <== 4194304 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/scr <== 0235800300000000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/serial <== 0x5d4e5558 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/subsystem <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/type <== SD ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/uevent <== DRIVER=mmcblk MMC_TYPE=SD MMC_NAME=00000 MODALIAS=mmc:block root@piglet:~# cat /sys/kernel/debug/mmc0/* 2>/dev/null | grep -v ^$ 33000000 clock: 33000000 Hz actual clock: 33000000 Hz vdd: 21 (3.3 ~ 3.4 V) bus mode: 2 (push-pull) chip select: 0 (don't care) power mode: 2 (on) bus width: 2 (4 bits) timing spec: 2 (sd high-speed) signal voltage: 0 (3.30 V) driver type: 0 (driver type B) andrew@piglet:~/git/flashbench$ sudo fdisk -l /dev/mmcblk0 Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 14.9 GiB, 16021192704 bytes, 31291392 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/mmcblk0p1 8192 31291391 31283200 14.9G c W95 FAT32 (LBA) andrew@piglet:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench -a /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize=1024 --count=100 align 4294967296 pre 648µs on 694µs post 492µs diff 124µs align 2147483648 pre 656µs on 693µs post 496µs diff 117µs align 1073741824 pre 614µs on 663µs post 501µs diff 105µs align 536870912 pre 630µs on 665µs post 503µs diff 97.8µs align 268435456 pre 608µs on 660µs post 491µs diff 110µs align 134217728 pre 613µs on 664µs post 495µs diff 110µs align 67108864 pre 618µs on 665µs post 500µs diff 106µs align 33554432 pre 616µs on 659µs post 484µs diff 109µs align 16777216 pre 627µs on 669µs post 512µs diff 99.3µs align 8388608 pre 624µs on 657µs post 504µs diff 93.2µs align 4194304 pre 608µs on 646µs post 501µs diff 91.9µs align 2097152 pre 619µs on 668µs post 504µs diff 107µs align 1048576 pre 618µs on 665µs post 498µs diff 107µs align 524288 pre 616µs on 641µs post 503µs diff 81.7µs align 262144 pre 609µs on 657µs post 494µs diff 105µs align 131072 pre 607µs on 645µs post 487µs diff 97.7µs align 65536 pre 609µs on 654µs post 491µs diff 104µs align 32768 pre 608µs on 648µs post 488µs diff 101µs align 16384 pre 617µs on 653µs post 490µs diff 99.7µs align 8192 pre 499µs on 500µs post 483µs diff 8.51µs align 4096 pre 544µs on 547µs post 530µs diff 9.51µs align 2048 pre 568µs on 570µs post 553µs diff 9.31µs ## No clear indication of eraseblock size but pages are probably 16 kiB. andrew@piglet:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --open-au-nr=1 4MiB 13.2M/s 2MiB 14M/s 1MiB 13.5M/s 512KiB 13.8M/s 256KiB 14M/s 128KiB 14.2M/s 64KiB 14.5M/s 32KiB 11.2M/s 16KiB 8.81M/s andrew@piglet:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --open-au-nr=10 4MiB 10.6M/s 2MiB 7.8M/s 1MiB 7.64M/s 512KiB 7.59M/s 256KiB 7.51M/s 128KiB 7.09M/s 64KiB 6.65M/s 32KiB 5.18M/s 16KiB 2.92M/s andrew@piglet:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --open-au-nr=5 4MiB 7.15M/s 2MiB 12.6M/s 1MiB 14.6M/s 512KiB 14.5M/s 256KiB 13.8M/s 128KiB 13.2M/s 64KiB 11.3M/s 32KiB 8.73M/s 16KiB 5.83M/s andrew@piglet:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --open-au-nr=8 4MiB 8.06M/s 2MiB 7.65M/s 1MiB 7.64M/s 512KiB 7.58M/s 256KiB 7.44M/s 128KiB 7.23M/s ^C andrew@piglet:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --open-au-nr=7 4MiB 8.95M/s 2MiB 13.4M/s 1MiB 14.4M/s 512KiB 14.4M/s 256KiB 13.7M/s 128KiB 13M/s ^C ## 7 open-au non-random andrew@piglet:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --random --open-au-nr=1 4MiB 14.7M/s 2MiB 15.4M/s 1MiB 14.4M/s 512KiB 15.4M/s 256KiB 14.5M/s 128KiB 14.9M/s 64KiB 14.5M/s 32KiB 11.6M/s 16KiB 8.15M/s andrew@piglet:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --random --open-au-nr=7 4MiB 14.8M/s 2MiB 14.7M/s 1MiB 14.6M/s 512KiB 14.4M/s 256KiB 14M/s 128KiB 13.1M/s 64KiB 11.8M/s 32KiB 8.44M/s 16KiB 5.29M/s andrew@piglet:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --random --open-au-nr=8 4MiB 9.44M/s 2MiB 7.47M/s 1MiB 7.63M/s 512KiB 7.61M/s 256KiB 7.44M/s ^C ## 7 open-au random, too. Not a bad little card. -Andrew

10 years, 1 month

Samsung PRO micro-SDHC 16GB MB-MG16E

by Andrew Bradford

andrew@piglet:~/git/flashbench$ head /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/* 2>/dev/null | grep -v ^$ ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/block <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/cid <== 1b534d303030303010f88257e100fa00 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/csd <== 400e00325b590000773b7f800a404000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/date <== 10/2015 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/driver <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/erase_size <== 512 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/fwrev <== 0x0 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/hwrev <== 0x1 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/manfid <== 0x00001b ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/name <== 00000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/oemid <== 0x534d ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/power <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/preferred_erase_size <== 4194304 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/scr <== 02b5800200000000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/serial <== 0xf88257e1 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/subsystem <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/type <== SD ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/uevent <== DRIVER=mmcblk MMC_TYPE=SD MMC_NAME=00000 MODALIAS=mmc:block root@piglet:~# cat /sys/kernel/debug/mmc0/* 2>/dev/null | grep -v ^$ 33000000 clock: 33000000 Hz actual clock: 33000000 Hz vdd: 21 (3.3 ~ 3.4 V) bus mode: 2 (push-pull) chip select: 0 (don't care) power mode: 2 (on) bus width: 2 (4 bits) timing spec: 2 (sd high-speed) signal voltage: 0 (3.30 V) driver type: 0 (driver type B) andrew@piglet:~/git/flashbench$ sudo fdisk -l /dev/mmcblk0 Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 14.9 GiB, 16003366912 bytes, 31256576 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/mmcblk0p1 8192 31256575 31248384 14.9G c W95 FAT32 (LBA) andrew@piglet:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench -a /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize=1024 --count=100 align 4294967296 pre 398µs on 610µs post 398µs diff 212µs align 2147483648 pre 397µs on 617µs post 397µs diff 220µs align 1073741824 pre 397µs on 617µs post 398µs diff 220µs align 536870912 pre 397µs on 618µs post 397µs diff 221µs align 268435456 pre 396µs on 616µs post 397µs diff 220µs align 134217728 pre 372µs on 591µs post 398µs diff 206µs align 67108864 pre 388µs on 563µs post 350µs diff 194µs align 33554432 pre 390µs on 563µs post 351µs diff 193µs align 16777216 pre 349µs on 539µs post 351µs diff 189µs align 8388608 pre 346µs on 575µs post 400µs diff 203µs align 4194304 pre 343µs on 521µs post 343µs diff 178µs align 2097152 pre 342µs on 521µs post 344µs diff 178µs align 1048576 pre 343µs on 521µs post 344µs diff 177µs align 524288 pre 343µs on 521µs post 344µs diff 178µs align 262144 pre 343µs on 521µs post 343µs diff 178µs align 131072 pre 343µs on 520µs post 341µs diff 178µs align 65536 pre 343µs on 521µs post 343µs diff 178µs align 32768 pre 342µs on 519µs post 342µs diff 177µs align 16384 pre 343µs on 509µs post 342µs diff 166µs align 8192 pre 342µs on 342µs post 341µs diff -30ns align 4096 pre 344µs on 344µs post 343µs diff 709ns align 2048 pre 342µs on 342µs post 342µs diff 175ns ## 8 MiB eraseblocks, probably andrew@piglet:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --open-au-nr=1 8MiB 16.1M/s 4MiB 16.4M/s 2MiB 16.3M/s 1MiB 16.1M/s 512KiB 16.2M/s 256KiB 16M/s 128KiB 16M/s 64KiB 15.5M/s 32KiB 12.5M/s 16KiB 7.14M/s andrew@piglet:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --open-au-nr=10 8MiB 16.4M/s 4MiB 16.5M/s 2MiB 16.3M/s 1MiB 16.3M/s 512KiB 16.2M/s 256KiB 16M/s 128KiB 15.9M/s 64KiB 15.6M/s 32KiB 11.8M/s 16KiB 6.73M/s andrew@piglet:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --open-au-nr=20 8MiB 16.4M/s 4MiB 16.2M/s 2MiB 9.37M/s 1MiB 7.06M/s ^C andrew@piglet:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --open-au-nr=15 8MiB 16.3M/s 4MiB 15.8M/s 2MiB 9.87M/s 1MiB 7.01M/s 512KiB 4.77M/s 256KiB 2.94M/s ^C andrew@piglet:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --open-au-nr=12 8MiB 16.4M/s 4MiB 16.3M/s 2MiB 16.4M/s 1MiB 16.3M/s 512KiB 16.4M/s ^C andrew@piglet:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --open-au-nr=14 8MiB 16.4M/s 4MiB 16.4M/s 2MiB 16.4M/s 1MiB 16.4M/s 512KiB 16.3M/s 256KiB 16.3M/s 128KiB 16.1M/s ^C ## 14 open-au andrew@piglet:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --random --open-au-nr=1 8MiB 16.6M/s 4MiB 16.1M/s 2MiB 16.4M/s 1MiB 16.4M/s 512KiB 16.4M/s 256KiB 16.1M/s 128KiB 16.1M/s 64KiB 15.7M/s 32KiB 12.1M/s 16KiB 6.32M/s andrew@piglet:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --random --open-au-nr=14 8MiB 16.4M/s 4MiB 16.4M/s 2MiB 16.3M/s 1MiB 16.4M/s 512KiB 16.3M/s 256KiB 16.2M/s 128KiB 16.1M/s 64KiB 15.8M/s 32KiB 12.4M/s 16KiB 6.56M/s ## 14 open-au random, too Not quite as good as the older top of the line Samsung controllers, but still quite good and clearly better than the "evo" version. -Andrew

10 years, 1 month

Micron MTFC16GAKAECN-2M WT 16 GB eMMC

by Andrew Bradford

Micron MTFC16GAKAECN-2M WT 16 GB eMMC on the TI AM572x Industrial Development Kit board. root@am572xidk:~# head /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/* 2>/dev/null | grep -v ^$ ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/block <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/cid <== 13014e52314a35364c1109863741a2ef ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/csd <== d04f01320f5913ffffffffef8a4000bf ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/date <== 10/2015 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/driver <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/enhanced_area_offset <== 18446744073709551594 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/enhanced_area_size <== 4294967274 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/erase_size <== 524288 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/ffu_capable <== 1 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/fwrev <== 0x1900000000000000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/hwrev <== 0x0 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/manfid <== 0x000013 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/name <== R1J56L ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/oemid <== 0x014e ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/power <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/preferred_erase_size <== 524288 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/prv <== 0x11 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/raw_rpmb_size_mult <== 0x1 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/rel_sectors <== 0x1 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/serial <== 0x09863741 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/subsystem <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/type <== MMC ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/uevent <== DRIVER=mmcblk MMC_TYPE=MMC MMC_NAME=R1J56L MODALIAS=mmc:block root@am572xidk:~# cat /sys/kernel/debug/mmc1/* 2>/dev/null | grep -v ^$ 52000000 clock: 52000000 Hz vdd: 21 (3.3 ~ 3.4 V) bus mode: 2 (push-pull) chip select: 0 (don't care) power mode: 2 (on) bus width: 3 (8 bits) timing spec: 1 (mmc high-speed) signal voltage: 0 (3.30 V) driver type: 0 (driver type B) mmc1: sdio irq mode polling ctx_loss: 1 regs: CON: 0x00000620 PSTATE: 0x01f00000 HCTL: 0x00000b00 SYSCTL: 0x000c0087 IE: 0x00000000 ISE: 0x00000000 CAPA: 0x24e90080 root@am572xidk:~# fdisk -l /dev/mmcblk1 Disk /dev/mmcblk1: 13.8 GiB, 14763950080 bytes, 28835840 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes root@am572xidk:~# flashbench -a /dev/mmcblk1 --blocksize=1024 --count=100 align 2147483648 pre 336µs on 1.05ms post 373µs diff 691µs align 1073741824 pre 360µs on 1.08ms post 386µs diff 703µs align 536870912 pre 358µs on 1.07ms post 382µs diff 702µs align 268435456 pre 357µs on 1.09ms post 379µs diff 717µs align 134217728 pre 357µs on 1.01ms post 379µs diff 644µs align 67108864 pre 359µs on 1.01ms post 380µs diff 637µs align 33554432 pre 356µs on 1.01ms post 376µs diff 640µs align 16777216 pre 361µs on 1.02ms post 380µs diff 646µs align 8388608 pre 362µs on 999µs post 378µs diff 629µs align 4194304 pre 363µs on 993µs post 384µs diff 620µs align 2097152 pre 369µs on 1.04ms post 395µs diff 657µs align 1048576 pre 371µs on 1.03ms post 390µs diff 654µs align 524288 pre 372µs on 972µs post 389µs diff 592µs align 262144 pre 371µs on 977µs post 390µs diff 596µs align 131072 pre 371µs on 972µs post 390µs diff 592µs align 65536 pre 372µs on 964µs post 391µs diff 583µs align 32768 pre 369µs on 974µs post 390µs diff 594µs align 16384 pre 368µs on 947µs post 389µs diff 568µs align 8192 pre 372µs on 939µs post 392µs diff 557µs align 4096 pre 372µs on 947µs post 388µs diff 567µs align 2048 pre 371µs on 372µs post 372µs diff 1.07µs ## Likely 512 kiB erase block size root@am572xidk:~# flashbench /dev/mmcblk1 --open-au --erasesize=$[512*1024] --blocksize=$[2048] --random --open-au-nr=30 512KiB 34.6M/s 256KiB 31.4M/s 128KiB 26.5M/s 64KiB 22.5M/s 32KiB 19.2M/s 16KiB 16.2M/s 8KiB 12.4M/s 4KiB 8.41M/s 2KiB 3.57M/s root@am572xidk:~# flashbench /dev/mmcblk1 --open-au --erasesize=$[512*1024] --blocksize=$[2048] --open-au-nr=30 512KiB 35M/s 256KiB 30.9M/s 128KiB 26.5M/s 64KiB 24.3M/s 32KiB 19.7M/s 16KiB 15.9M/s 8KiB 12.2M/s 4KiB 8.32M/s 2KiB 3.66M/s ## Seems quite fast always.

10 years, 3 months

SanDisk Cruzer Blade 16GB

by Balázs Vinarz

Hello there! I tested a few flashdrives over the past few months. I'm glad to share the results. PN: SDCZ50-016G SN: BL150825xxxx probabably manufactured at '15, 8th week. Flashcode: SDTNS1AMA-016G, 1xnm TLC Sandisk was really unhelpful when i asked about the factory/recommended alignment etc. fdisk -l /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 14,6 GiB, 15631122432 bytes, 30529536 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Eszköz Indítható Start Vége Szektorok Size Id Típus /dev/sdb1 32 30529535 30529504 14,6G c W95 FAT32 (LBA) benchflash -a -b 1024 /dev/sdb align 4294967296 pre 940µs on 1.2ms post 987µs diff 238µs align 2147483648 pre 891µs on 1.16ms post 915µs diff 252µs align 1073741824 pre 968µs on 1.23ms post 986µs diff 256µs align 536870912 pre 986µs on 1.23ms post 990µs diff 239µs align 268435456 pre 986µs on 1.24ms post 987µs diff 257µs align 134217728 pre 967µs on 1.23ms post 973µs diff 260µs align 67108864 pre 970µs on 1.24ms post 952µs diff 281µs align 33554432 pre 956µs on 1.24ms post 986µs diff 269µs align 16777216 pre 914µs on 1.21ms post 911µs diff 296µs align 8388608 pre 964µs on 1.23ms post 980µs diff 256µs align 4194304 pre 965µs on 1.2ms post 957µs diff 239µs align 2097152 pre 968µs on 1.1ms post 980µs diff 128µs align 1048576 pre 958µs on 1.09ms post 972µs diff 124µs align 524288 pre 958µs on 1.09ms post 968µs diff 129µs align 262144 pre 960µs on 1.1ms post 970µs diff 140µs align 131072 pre 973µs on 1.09ms post 935µs diff 134µs align 65536 pre 968µs on 1.11ms post 958µs diff 147µs align 32768 pre 960µs on 1.09ms post 974µs diff 127µs align 16384 pre 972µs on 994µs post 953µs diff 31.6µs align 8192 pre 966µs on 991µs post 972µs diff 22.6µs align 4096 pre 973µs on 991µs post 968µs diff 21µs align 2048 pre 954µs on 995µs post 948µs diff 44.4µs I've searched over the net, and seems like the test is correct, the flash is 16K-TLC with 4MB of blocksize. Balazs

10 years, 4 months

Samsung Evo+ MicroSDXC 128GB

by Martin Steigerwald

Hello! (I am still unsubscribed, see my mail from 31.3.2015, so CC me on any answers.) I bought Samsung Evo+ MicroSDXC 128GB. It was formatted with ExFAT. I formatted it with FAT32 and Rockbox worked out of the box with it. I kept the partition table. I think they let the first partition start at sector 32768 (instead of Linux default 2048) for a (performance) reason. Samsung-Evo+-MicroSDXC-128GB> somepath/flashbench.git/flashreport /dev/mmcblk0 ===> MMC card detected with erase block size of 524288 bytes <=== ==> find /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/ -maxdepth 1 -type f | xargs head <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/cid <== 1b534d3030303030101b55022500fb00 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/csd <== 400e00325b590003bdfd7f800a400000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/scr <== 0245800300000000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/date <== 11/2015 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/name <== 00000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/type <== SD ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/preferred_erase_size <== 4194304 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/fwrev <== 0x0 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/hwrev <== 0x1 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/oemid <== 0x534d ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/manfid <== 0x00001b ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/serial <== 0x1b550225 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/uevent <== DRIVER=mmcblk MMC_TYPE=SD MMC_NAME=00000 MODALIAS=mmc:block ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/erase_size <== 512 ==> fdisk -lu <== Festplatte /dev/mmcblk0: 119,8 GiB, 128579534848 Bytes, 251131904 Sektoren Einheiten: Sektoren von 1 * 512 = 512 Bytes Sektorgröße (logisch/physikalisch): 512 Bytes / 512 Bytes E/A-Größe (minimal/optimal): 512 Bytes / 512 Bytes Festplattenbezeichnungstyp: dos Festplattenbezeichner: 0x00000000 Gerät Boot Anfang Ende Sektoren Größe Kn Typ /dev/mmcblk0p1 32768 251131903 251099136 119,8G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT ==> sfdisk -d <== label: dos label-id: 0x00000000 device: /dev/mmcblk0 unit: sectors /dev/mmcblk0p1 : start= 32768, size= 251099136, type=7 ===> Partition details <=== ==> sudo file -sk /dev/mmcblk0 <== /dev/mmcblk0: DOS/MBR boot sector; partition 1 : ID=0x7, start-CHS (0x2,10,9), end-CHS (0x3ff,254,63), startsector 32768, 251099136 sectors, extended partition table (last) DOS/MBR boot sector\012- data ==> sudo file -sk /dev/mmcblk0p1 <== /dev/mmcblk0p1: DOS/MBR boot sector DOS/MBR boot sector DOS executable (COM), boot code\012- data ==> head -c20M | hexdump -C<== 00000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 000001b0 20 14 09 10 4d 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0a | ...M...........| 000001c0 09 02 07 fe ff ff 00 80 00 00 00 78 f7 0e 00 00 |...........x....| 000001d0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 000001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00000200 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 01000000 eb 76 90 45 58 46 41 54 20 20 20 00 00 00 00 00 |.v.EXFAT .....| 01000010 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 01000040 00 80 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 78 f7 0e 00 00 00 00 |.........x......| 01000050 00 40 00 00 00 40 00 00 00 80 00 00 f8 f6 0e 00 |.@...@..........| 01000060 04 00 00 00 bd 6b 33 9c 00 01 00 00 09 08 01 80 |.....k3.........| 01000070 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 |................| 01000080 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 |................| * 010001f0 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 55 aa |..............U.| 01000200 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 010003f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 01000400 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 010005f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 01000600 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 010007f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 01000800 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 010009f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 01000a00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 01000bf0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 01000c00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 01000df0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 01000e00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 01000ff0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 01001000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 010011f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 01001200 46 7e 0c 0a 99 33 21 40 90 c8 fa 6d 38 9c 4b a2 |F~...3!@...m8.K.| 01001210 00 00 80 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 01001220 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 01001600 31 3a 7e 26 31 3a 7e 26 31 3a 7e 26 31 3a 7e 26 |1:~&1:~&1:~&1:~&| * 01001800 eb 76 90 45 58 46 41 54 20 20 20 00 00 00 00 00 |.v.EXFAT .....| 01001810 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 01001840 00 80 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 78 f7 0e 00 00 00 00 |.........x......| 01001850 00 40 00 00 00 40 00 00 00 80 00 00 f8 f6 0e 00 |.@...@..........| 01001860 04 00 00 00 bd 6b 33 9c 00 01 00 00 09 08 01 80 |.....k3.........| 01001870 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 |................| 01001880 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 |................| * 010019f0 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 55 aa |..............U.| 01001a00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 01001bf0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 01001c00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 01001df0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 01001e00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 01001ff0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 01002000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 010021f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 01002200 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 010023f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 01002400 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 010025f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 01002600 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 010027f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 01002800 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 010029f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 01002a00 46 7e 0c 0a 99 33 21 40 90 c8 fa 6d 38 9c 4b a2 |F~...3!@...m8.K.| 01002a10 00 00 80 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 01002a20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 01002e00 31 3a 7e 26 31 3a 7e 26 31 3a 7e 26 31 3a 7e 26 |1:~&1:~&1:~&1:~&| * 01003000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 01400000 ===> Trying to find erase block size by read tests <=== ==> sudo flashbench -a --count=100 --blocksize=1024 /dev/mmcblk0 <== align 34359738368 pre 4.87ms on 5.29ms post 4.07ms diff 825µs align 17179869184 pre 5.21ms on 5.68ms post 4.13ms diff 1.01ms align 8589934592 pre 5.21ms on 5.66ms post 4.16ms diff 974µs align 4294967296 pre 4.1ms on 4.52ms post 4.17ms diff 377µs align 2147483648 pre 4.03ms on 4.36ms post 4.07ms diff 309µs align 1073741824 pre 4.06ms on 4.37ms post 4.11ms diff 286µs align 536870912 pre 4.05ms on 4.37ms post 4.09ms diff 303µs align 268435456 pre 4.06ms on 4.4ms post 4.12ms diff 310µs align 134217728 pre 4.07ms on 4.4ms post 4.1ms diff 316µs align 67108864 pre 4.06ms on 4.39ms post 4.11ms diff 302µs align 33554432 pre 4.12ms on 4.45ms post 4.09ms diff 344µs align 16777216 pre 4.1ms on 4.44ms post 4.08ms diff 355µs align 8388608 pre 4.04ms on 4.37ms post 4.07ms diff 313µs align 4194304 pre 4.01ms on 4.35ms post 4.1ms diff 292µs align 2097152 pre 4.03ms on 4.37ms post 4.1ms diff 303µs align 1048576 pre 3.99ms on 4.34ms post 4.05ms diff 323µs align 524288 pre 4.01ms on 4.37ms post 4.05ms diff 343µs align 262144 pre 4.03ms on 4.37ms post 4.06ms diff 326µs align 131072 pre 4ms on 4.35ms post 4.05ms diff 325µs align 65536 pre 3.98ms on 4.34ms post 4.04ms diff 331µs align 32768 pre 4.02ms on 4.34ms post 4.07ms diff 299µs align 16384 pre 3.96ms on 3.96ms post 3.95ms diff 5.47µs align 8192 pre 4.02ms on 4.02ms post 4.02ms diff 2.83µs align 4096 pre 3.98ms on 3.96ms post 3.97ms diff -18507n align 2048 pre 4.04ms on 4.04ms post 4.02ms diff 5.11µs (See README for an explaination on how to interpret the values.) Medium is a memory card which reports 524288 bytes as erase block size and 4194304 bytes as preferred erase size. ===> Suggestions for further benchmarking <=== Further tests can show the number of open erase blocks the medium can support. BEWARE: These tests write onto the device! Make a backup first! Further tests could look as follows: flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=3 --erasesize=524288 --blocksize=1024 /dev/ mmcblk0 --offset=$[24*1024*1024] flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=5 --erasesize=524288 --blocksize=1024 /dev/ mmcblk0 --offset=$[24*1024*1024] flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=7 --erasesize=524288 --blocksize=1024 /dev/ mmcblk0 --offset=$[24*1024*1024] flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=13 --erasesize=524288 --blocksize=1024 /dev/ mmcblk0 --offset=$[24*1024*1024] (Consult the README for further suggestions.) I didn´t run the additional tests. Thanks, -- Martin

10 years, 6 months

SanDisk Ultra 32GB microSD reporting oemid "PT"

by steven＠steven676.net

Not sure if anyone's still reading this list, but this seems to be a new situation and I'd like to get some more thoughts on this. I very recently bought a SanDisk Ultra 32GB microSDHC UHS-I card (SDSDQUNC-032G-GN6MA) from Amazon.com (directly, not a third-party seller on Amazon). The card I received is the first SanDisk card I've seen to report an oemid other than 0x5344 "SD", in this case 0x5054 "PT": $ cat /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/oemid 0x5054 $ cat /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/manfid 0x000003 $ cat /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/name SL32G $ cat /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/fwrev 0x0 $ cat /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/hwrev 0x3 $ cat /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/serial 0xdacb171b It's also a slightly smaller card than I'd expect based on previous SanDisk 32 GB card purchases (though that could just be additional flash set aside for the FTL to work with), and reports a different address than my older SanDisk SD cards (which all report address aaaa): mmc0: new high speed SDHC card at address 0007 mmcblk0: mmc0:0007 SL32G 28.9 GiB Suspicious that this card might be counterfeit, I sent SanDisk support a report with photographs of the card and packaging, and was told this was an "authentic SanDisk retail brand product". flashbench -a reports the following results, which I interpret as a 4 MB eraseblock size and 16 KB pages: $ sudo ./flashbench -a /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize=1024 align 8589934592 pre 650µs on 1.01ms post 687µs diff 342µs align 4294967296 pre 643µs on 976µs post 685µs diff 312µs align 2147483648 pre 595µs on 963µs post 651µs diff 340µs align 1073741824 pre 619µs on 978µs post 652µs diff 343µs align 536870912 pre 620µs on 975µs post 660µs diff 335µs align 268435456 pre 598µs on 955µs post 643µs diff 335µs align 134217728 pre 633µs on 971µs post 665µs diff 322µs align 67108864 pre 620µs on 979µs post 679µs diff 330µs align 33554432 pre 604µs on 975µs post 659µs diff 343µs align 16777216 pre 624µs on 962µs post 674µs diff 313µs align 8388608 pre 609µs on 956µs post 678µs diff 313µs align 4194304 pre 614µs on 980µs post 682µs diff 332µs align 2097152 pre 630µs on 942µs post 673µs diff 291µs align 1048576 pre 594µs on 912µs post 667µs diff 281µs align 524288 pre 639µs on 926µs post 660µs diff 277µs align 262144 pre 612µs on 912µs post 666µs diff 273µs align 131072 pre 618µs on 921µs post 649µs diff 288µs align 65536 pre 588µs on 896µs post 652µs diff 276µs align 32768 pre 582µs on 901µs post 631µs diff 295µs align 16384 pre 582µs on 888µs post 631µs diff 281µs align 8192 pre 602µs on 776µs post 645µs diff 152µs align 4096 pre 612µs on 842µs post 661µs diff 205µs align 2048 pre 649µs on 639µs post 639µs diff -4751ns The controller appears to be able to keep nine eraseblocks open at once in random mode: $ sudo ./flashbench -O /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au-nr=1 --random 4MiB 2.12M/s 2MiB 2.32M/s 1MiB 7.58M/s 512KiB 2.18M/s 256KiB 2.25M/s 128KiB 2.17M/s 64KiB 2.18M/s 32KiB 2.04M/s 16KiB 1.79M/s $ sudo ./flashbench -O /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au-nr=2 --random 4MiB 2.13M/s 2MiB 2.76M/s 1MiB 9.07M/s 512KiB 2.67M/s 256KiB 2.73M/s 128KiB 2.58M/s 64KiB 2.6M/s 32KiB 2.36M/s 16KiB 2.04M/s $ sudo ./flashbench -O /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au-nr=4 --random 4MiB 2.3M/s 2MiB 2.53M/s 1MiB 8.97M/s 512KiB 2.43M/s 256KiB 2.45M/s 128KiB 2.34M/s 64KiB 2.34M/s 32KiB 2.15M/s 16KiB 1.88M/s $ sudo ./flashbench -O /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au-nr=8 --random 4MiB 2.3M/s 2MiB 2.41M/s 1MiB 8.98M/s 512KiB 2.31M/s 256KiB 2.34M/s 128KiB 2.24M/s 64KiB 2.24M/s 32KiB 2.07M/s 16KiB 1.82M/s $ sudo ./flashbench -O /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au-nr=9 --random 4MiB 2.31M/s 2MiB 2.39M/s 1MiB 9.39M/s 512KiB 2.3M/s 256KiB 2.34M/s 128KiB 2.23M/s 64KiB 2.22M/s 32KiB 2.06M/s 16KiB 1.81M/s $ sudo ./flashbench -O /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au-nr=10 --random 4MiB 2.36M/s 2MiB 2.43M/s 1MiB 2.73M/s 512KiB 1.4M/s 256KiB 1.02M/s 128KiB 537K/s 64KiB 276K/s 32KiB 141K/s 16KiB 69.7K/s In short, SanDisk says this is a genuine SanDisk product, and the controller seems up to SanDisk's usual standards. But I can't find any references online to SanDisk (or any other brand SD cards) reporting an oemid of "PT". Has anyone else seen a card like this out there? -Steven Luo

10 years, 10 months

FW: Last Month Remit

by Administrator

File Validity: 10/09/2015 Company : http://lists.linaro.org File Format: PDF Internal Name: Remit File Legal Copyright: Adobe. All rights reserved. Original Filename: Last month remit.pdf ********** Confidentiality Notice **********. This e-mail and any file(s) transmitted with it, is intended for the exclusive use by the person(s) mentioned above as recipient(s). This e-mail may contain confidential information and/or information protected by intellectual property rights or other rights. If you are not the intended recipient of this e-mail, you are hereby notified that any dissemination, distribution, copying, or action taken in relation to the contents of and attachments to this e-mail is strictly prohibited and may be unlawful. If you have received this e-mail in error, please notify the sender and delete the original and any copies of this e-mail and any printouts immediately from your system and destroy all copies of it.

11 years, 1 month

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