Flashbench-results

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967 discussions

by 段女士

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11 years, 3 months

Ieškote klientų? Greita klientų paieška

by Susiraskite savo klientus

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11 years, 3 months

Should European startups expand in the US?

by Global Innovation

View online version <http://p1t4.mjt.lu/nl/p1t4/x.html?a=1flFvEqpxr&b=7e215e34&c=p1t4&d=62f3a556…> Share this infographic <http://goo.gl/9fJcM5> SHARE THIS INFOGRAPHIC >HTTP://GOO.GL/9FJCM5> ------------------------- You want to be part of our Open Innovation program? Register bellow in our database and get access to potential deals with U.S. Corporations ! Looking to expand in the U.S? Need help to accelerate the process? Contact us and let's discuss how we can help you grow your business in the U.S. ! Register <http://www.globalinnovation.co/open-innovation.php?s=infographcamp> Contact us! <http://www.globalinnovation.co/softlanding.php?s=infographcamp> <https://www.facebook.com/globalinnovation.co> <https://twitter.com/GlobalInnov_> <https://plus.google.com/+GlobalinnovationCo/posts> <https://www.linkedin.com/company/global-innovation---growth-&-deal-flow-par…> This email has been sent to flashbench-results(a)lists.linaro.org, click here to unsubscribe <http://p1t4.mjt.lu/unsub?hl=en&a=1flFvEqpxr&b=7e215e34&c=p1t4&d=62f3a556&e=…>. Global Innovation 750 Lexington Ave. New York, NY 10022 <http://www.mailjet.com>

11 years, 5 months

SAMSUNG EVO 16GB SD Card

by Guilhermino Silva Correia

Name: SAMSUNG EVO UHS-1 HC-1 CL10 Size: 16GB ( 15.7GB, 15720251392 bytes ) Allocation Unit: 4MB Write Size: 32KB Page Size: 8KB FAT Location: - # open Aus linear: 28 # open Aus random: 28 Algorithm: random sector or page access ? Manuf ID: 0x1B OEMID: 0x534D NOTE: Another card with Manuf ID: 0x1D showed very inferior random write speeds compared to this one ( about 2x less ). I suspect it may be a fake, and curiously enough the good one was bought from Hong Kong on Ebay while this other was bought on a major store in my country.

11 years, 6 months

SanDisk Cruzer Blade 16GB results

by Gaby Schilders

Hi there, Here are my results for the SanDisk Cruzer Blade 16GB tests. The unit seems to behave a bit better than the smaller ones already in the list. The USB ID is identical to those of the smaller ones, however. At first, flashbench -a gave an uneven list of diff values. After reading that amount of writes can make a difference, I zeroed the (brand new) drive to all zeroes: dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdx bs=4M. I then got the following: sudo flashbench -a /dev/sdf --blocksize=1024 align 4294967296 pre 748µs on 1.09ms post 756µs diff 335µs align 2147483648 pre 749µs on 1.16ms post 751µs diff 406µs align 1073741824 pre 748µs on 1.15ms post 751µs diff 402µs align 536870912 pre 746µs on 1.15ms post 750µs diff 401µs align 268435456 pre 752µs on 1.16ms post 752µs diff 408µs align 134217728 pre 738µs on 1.15ms post 756µs diff 406µs align 67108864 pre 749µs on 1.14ms post 749µs diff 395µs align 33554432 pre 753µs on 1.14ms post 752µs diff 392µs align 16777216 pre 746µs on 1.14ms post 754µs diff 394µs align 8388608 pre 745µs on 1.13ms post 747µs diff 388µs align 4194304 pre 744µs on 983µs post 747µs diff 237µs align 2097152 pre 752µs on 885µs post 744µs diff 137µs align 1048576 pre 753µs on 893µs post 753µs diff 140µs align 524288 pre 752µs on 880µs post 739µs diff 134µs align 262144 pre 750µs on 891µs post 757µs diff 137µs align 65536 pre 748µs on 888µs post 750µs diff 139µs align 32768 pre 749µs on 883µs post 745µs diff 137µs align 16384 pre 750µs on 890µs post 751µs diff 139µs align 8192 pre 745µs on 803µs post 748µs diff 56.8µs align 4096 pre 747µs on 804µs post 753µs diff 53.5µs align 2048 pre 746µs on 803µs post 745µs diff 57.3µs Leading to an assumption of erase size of 4M and page size of 8K. With a sequence of sudo flashbench -O --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[8*1024] /dev/sdf --open-au-nr=X Where X increased linearly from 2 to 10 I determined the cutoff at AU=8 Because of: AU=2 4MiB 22M/s 2MiB 21.9M/s 1MiB 21.9M/s 512KiB 21.6M/s 256KiB 20.9M/s 128KiB 19.3M/s 64KiB 18.7M/s 32KiB 16.2M/s 16KiB 11.4M/s 8KiB 6.99M/s AU=7 4MiB 22M/s 2MiB 21.9M/s 1MiB 21.8M/s 512KiB 21.6M/s 256KiB 20.6M/s 128KiB 19.1M/s 64KiB 18.3M/s 32KiB 15.7M/s 16KiB 10.8M/s 8KiB 6.58M/s AU=8 4MiB 14.4M/s 2MiB 21.4M/s 1MiB 21.8M/s 512KiB 21.6M/s 256KiB 20.6M/s 128KiB 19.1M/s 64KiB 18.2M/s 32KiB 15.6M/s 16KiB 10.7M/s 8KiB 6.47M/s AU=9 4MiB 11.3M/s 2MiB 7M/s 1MiB 4.58M/s 512KiB 5.15M/s 256KiB 5.4M/s 128KiB 4.96M/s 64KiB 5.84M/s 32KiB 5.17M/s 16KiB 4.91M/s 8KiB 3.7M/s Random performance sucks at smaller sizes. Results nearly the same for AU=1 through 6 sudo flashbench -O --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[8*1024] /dev/sdf --random --open-au-nr=6 [sudo] password for gaby: 4MiB 22.2M/s 2MiB 22M/s 1MiB 22M/s 512KiB 20M/s 256KiB 9.8M/s 128KiB 2.69M/s 64KiB 1.12M/s 32KiB 563K/s 16KiB 285K/s 8KiB 132K/s If there's anything else I can test/check, let me know? Regards, Gaby Schilders

11 years, 6 months

理清走向管理的困惑

by 李�u��

根据我们多年从事研发管理咨询的经验发现中国企业95%以上的研发中基层主管都是从技术能力比较强的工程师中提拔起来的，很多刚刚走上管理岗位的研发人员在从技术走向管理的过程中存在如下问题： 1.角色不能转换，过度关注技术细节； 2.认真帮助下属可是他们并不买账； 3.凡事亲力亲为，忙得焦头烂额，可是上司却嫌效率太低； 4.希望下属多提意见，可是他们却什么都不说，不愿意承担责任； 5.上司让制定工作计划，可却无从下手； 6.不知道如何分派工作，如何领导团队，更不知道如何确保你的团队不出差错； 7.…… 这些问题致使走上管理工作岗位的技术人员疲惫不堪却还不能有效达到整体目标。从一名只对技术负责的技术人员转变为对全流程负责的项目经理和对某一专业领域负责的部门经理，在这个转变的过程中，技术人员要实现哪些蜕变、要掌握哪些管理技能、如何培养自己的领导力等是本课程重点探讨的内容。 flashbench-results(a)lists.linaro.org 从技术走向管理――研发经理的领导力与执行力时・间・地・点：2014年11月20-21日北京、11月24-25日深圳、11月27-28日上海参・加・对・象：企业CEO/总经理、研发总经理/副总、公司总工/技术总监、研发项目经理/产品经理、中试部经理、研发质量部经理、PMO（项目管理办公室）主任、走上管理岗位的技术人员等学・习・费・用：单独一人收费28,00元，43,00元/两人（含.课.程.讲.义、午.餐、税.费、茶.点.等）垂・询・热・线：深圳：0755-61.288.091 北京：010-51.661.851 上海：021-51.082.202 段小姐培・训・收・益： 1.分享讲师500多场研发管理培训的专业经验，通过现场的互动帮助学员理清走向管理的困惑 2.总结和分析技术人员从技术走向管理过程中常见的问题 3.掌握实现从技术走向管理的过程中要实现的几个转变 4.了解从技术走向管理的五个好习惯（成果导向、综观全局、聚焦重点、发挥优势、集思广益） 5.掌握与领导沟通的方法技巧 6.掌握走上管理工作岗位后需要掌握的四个核心管理技能（目标与计划、组织与分派工作、控制与纠偏、领导与激励） 7.了解成功实现从技术走向管理转变的几个关键要素 8.分享讲师30多个咨询项目的研发管理的案例资料（模板、表格、样例……）,帮助学员制定Action Plan，使得学员参训后回到自己的公司能够很好实践讲・师・介・绍：[ Giles ] 研发管理领域品牌资深顾问 PDMA（美国产品开发管理协会www.pdma.org）会员《PDMA新产品开发手册》中文版主译清华大学研发管理特聘教授专・业・背・景：十多年高科技企业研发管理实践，典型的在企业实践中从技术走向管理的管理专家。在某著名通信公司工作期间，作为硬件工程师、软件工程师和系统工程师（系统总体设计总工）参与过多个小型、大型项目开发，有五年具体产品开发经验，承担过多个项目的管理工作，担任过研发项目管理部经理、研发管理办经理、技术管理部副总经理、研发IT中心主任，经历并参与主持了此公司研发管理（包括研发流程管理、研发项目管理、研发人力资源管理、研发IT管理等模块）混乱到规范化建设的全过程。1998年开始长期与国际顶尖咨询顾问一起工作，并作为第一批核心小组成员与国际著名的咨询公司合作主导了研发管理变革项目及其母项目公司级IT规划项目，同时兼任该公司高级讲师，负责企业文化建设在研发的推进和落地工作。研发管理咨询经验：曾作为项目总监、项目经理主导了10多个研发管理咨询项目，帮助这些企业全面建立研发管理体系（包括流程、组织、绩效、IT），有效地提升了这些公司的研发管理和创新能力。课・程・大・纲：一、案例分析 1.讨论：技术走向管理的烦恼二、从技术走向管理的角色定位和角色转换 1.为什么要从技术走向管理（背景、原因） 2.管理人员的角色定位和素质模型 3.有哪些技术管理职位 4.技术型管理者的角色与核心工作（技术管理者的不是说不要技术，而是层次越高的技术管理者，越需要技术广度、技术敏锐度与市场敏锐度，而且更需要沟通、管理与领导技能） 5.技术人员与管理人员的特质 6.研发人员的特点 7.研发人员与销售人员、工人的不同 8.角色转换过程中常见的问题分析 9.角色转换的成长之路（角色、态度、知识、技能） 10.演练与问题讨论三、从技术走向管理必备的好习惯 1.习惯的价值与培养 2.习惯与原则 3.习惯之一：成果导向 4.习惯之二：综观全局 5.习惯之三：聚焦重点 6.习惯之四：发挥优势 7.习惯之五：集思广益四、研发管理者如何与领导沟通 1.研发管理者自己沟通能力不强而领导又不懂技术怎么办？ 2.为什么研发工作自己觉得开展的很好却得不到老板或领导的认可？ 3.与领导沟通的重要性 4.无数“革命先烈”的教训分享 5.领导的沟通类型 6.领导的沟通类型对沟通的影响 7.与领导沟通的难题（尤其是没有技术背景的领导） 8.与领导沟通的要点 9.高层领导喜欢的沟通方式 10.与领导沟通的方式、方法与技巧 11.与领导沟通谨慎换位思考 12.向领导汇报方式和工具 13.汇报会上领导常问的问题分类 14.为什么领导在会上总是不断追着问？ 15.高层管理者对研发的沟通信息需求（开发状况、资源状况、管理优化状况）详细介绍和模板演示。 16.分辨领导的真正需求 17.要想成功从技术走向管理首先做个成功的下属 18.如何做个成功的下属 19.研讨：学习本单元的体会列出以后改进的三个要点五、从技术走向管理的四个核心管理技能之一：目标与计划 1.目标对我们的影响 2.个人目标和团队目标的关系 3.如何根据公司的战略要求制定研发部门和研发项目的目标 4.研发部门和项目的目标如何分解到个人 5.如何帮助下属制定工作目标 6.目标的制定与下达（SMART化、愿景化、共享化、承诺化（PBC）） 7.研发项目的目标为什么不容易SMART 8.为什么培训了很多次SMART研发项目目标还是做不到SMART 9.开发管理中为什么要用模板，模板使用的3个艺术、为什么模板推行中总有困难 10.研发工作计划的PDCA循环 11.研发流程与计划的关系 12.研发项目计划制定的流程 13.PERT、关键路径和GANNT 14.为什么研发项目计划不用PERT图 15.产品开发计划如何分成四级（这四级计划的责任主体和制定时间点） 16.演练：每个小组制定一个半年计划，发表！六、从技术走向管理的四个核心管理技能之二：组织与分派工作 1.活动演练 30 分钟：扑克游戏――上中下三层互动 2.研发执行力缺失的原因分析 3.常见研发组织形式及优缺点 4.如何对研发工作进行分解 5.给研发人员分派工作的原则 6.给研发人员分派工作的步骤 7.给研发人员分派工作中容易出现的问题 8.研发沟通管理的内容 9.沟通的目的与功能 10.沟通的种类与方式 11.有效沟通的障碍/约哈里窗 12.面对面沟通避免的小动作 13.如何给其它部门分派研发工作 14.研发管理人员在分派工作中容易存在的问题、原因和克服 15.给研发技术人员创造愿景、描绘愿景，尤其是关于项目与团队前途 16.案例研讨：研发技术型团队的成员常被迫承担紧急的项目周期，该如何处理？ 17.案例研讨：给予研发技术人员的空间到底多大，犯什么样的错误可以接受？ 18.案例研讨：任务下达后完成得不好但因为是碰到困难又怎么处理？ 19.案例研讨：一个人承担多个项目遇到资源冲突怎么办 20.案例研讨：两个领导意见不一致，怎么办？七、从技术走向管理的四个核心管理技能之三：控制与纠偏 1.研发工作为什么难以控制 2.研发工作的问题管理与风险管理 3.研发工作追踪的步骤 4.研发工作控制方法之一：会议（具体操作与模板） 5.研发工作控制方法之二：报告机制（具体操作与模板） 6.研发工作控制方法之三：审计（具体操作与模板） 7.研发工作控制方法之四：合同书与任务书（具体操作与模板） 8.研发工作控制方法之五：预警系统（具体操作与模板） 9.研发工作控制方法之六：经验教训总结（具体操作与模板） 10.研发工作控制方法之七：测评（具体操作与模板） 11.研发工作控制方法之八：非正规控制（具体操作与模板） 12.研发工作如何度量、量化管理（有哪些量化指标、PCB） 13.关于控制的误区（用人不疑、甩手掌柜、与创新的矛盾） 14.关于研发执行力八、从技术走向管理的四个核心管理技能之四：领导与激励 1.研发领导权威力的来源 2.研发领导如何发展个人魅力 3.如何针对不同环境和不同的研发人员进行情景领导 4.讨论：如何增进研发团队的凝聚力和士气 5.研发领导如何授权 6.研发领导如何辅导下属和培养接班人 7.研发部门中的“因人而异”的管理方法 8.研发人员的考核与激励（专题讲解） 9.研发技术型人才的培育与任职资格管理 10.研发技术型人才的非物质激励与物质激励方法 11.演练与讨论九、成功实现从技术走向管理转变的关键 1.成功的实现角色换位 2.管理技能的培养 3.个人修炼（习惯、领导力、沟通能力） 4.组织的融合和团队的打造 5.给刚走上管理岗位的技术人员推荐的书籍和电影

11 years, 7 months

_陈安之…………湖北思维达医药

by ！铭恩-------------

�� sdg �� sdg Դ�� sdg �� Csdg ��Ҫ �Wsdg 30�� sdg �� sdg ��ͻ ��sdg ��һǧ ensdg �� g?sdg ��֧�� E sdg �� eosdg ��Ҳ ��sdg �� eosdg �� l?sdg �� s sdg �� eosdg �� m?sdg �� ? sdg �� eosdg �� s?sdg �� ? sdg �� ersdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg ��sdg ��ʯ �sdg ϯ �� ٦sdg �� sdg ��2 ��sdg 980 ��sdg Ԫ ��sdg /λ ��sdg ��ǰ �nsdg �� sdg VI ��sdg Pר�� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �°�֮ �Xsdg �� psdg ʦ�� rsdg ��Ӱ �ksdg �� sdg ��ǰ ��sdg 100 ��sdg �� sdg �� sdg VI �xsdg P �sdg ϯ ��sdg �ؼ� ��sdg �� Ysdg 16 �xsdg 80Ԫ �ssdg / Ğsdg λ�� Hsdg ǰ�� nsdg �� ^sdg VI �Lsdg Pר�� Ԡsdg �� @sdg �Ƽ� ��sdg ϯλ�� ڍsdg �� [sdg �� ݉sdg ��ϯ �Wsdg �� sdg �ۣ� ��sdg 138 �zsdg 0 �sdg Ԫ/ �Xsdg λ�� sdg �� sdg �� sdg ��α� �sdg ϯ ��sdg �� sdg �絽�� fasdg �� sdg �� sdg �绰 ��sdg �� sdg 18 ��sdg 917 ��sdg 9 ��sdg 99 ��sdg 333 ��sdg �� sdg QQ ��sdg /΢�� sdg �� sdg 19 ��sdg 858 ��sdg 8 ��sdg 8�� sdg EMA ��sdg I ��sdg L�� sdg xia ��sdg o �osdg sh ��sdg ou@ ��sdg 2 ��sdg 63 �Vsdg .ne �ksdg t ��sdg �� Xsdg �� sdg �� sdg �ã� �Usdg Ʊ�۾� ƞsdg Ϊ ʆsdg �� tsdg ͳһ�� sdg �� sdg �� esdg �κ�� sdg �� zsdg �� sdg ��Դ �sdg �� sdg �� fasdg �� n?sdg �ģ�� sdg �ϣ� ��sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg ��λ ��sdg �ã�� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg 1 ��sdg 0��1 ��sdg 8 ��sdg -2 ��sdg 0�ա� ��sdg �� dosdg �� u?sdg �� 1 ��sdg 0�� sdg 29- ��sdg 3 ��sdg 1�� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg 11 ��sdg �� sdg 08 ��sdg -10 ��sdg �� Ԗsdg �� sdg �� u?sdg 1 ћsdg 1�� sdg 11- ��sdg 1 ²sdg 3�� f?sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg 11 ��sdg �� sdg 13 ��sdg -15 K?sdg �� sdg �� W?sdg �� sdg �� k?sdg 11��1 L?sdg 5-1 h?sdg 7�� L?sdg �� 11 ��sdg �� sdg 22 Z?sdg -24�� ^?sdg �� `?sdg ɳ 1 a sdg 1��2 dusdg 9 ��sdg -1 ��sdg 2��1 ��sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg ��sdg 12 ��sdg ��05 ��sdg - ��sdg 07 ��sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� ܶsdg �� sdg �� Esdg �� sdg �� sdg �� Xsdg �� sdg �� sdg �Ͽ�ʱ ��sdg �� Ϳsdg �� sdg 10�� sdg 1 լsdg 8�� sdg -20 ��sdg �� sdg �� sdg �εص� ��sdg �� sdg ɽ ��sdg �� sdg �� sdg ��sdg �ݽ�� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �ɹ� ��sdg ѧ ��sdg Ȩ�� osdg �� {sdg �� sdg ��֮ غsdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg ��ɹ� ��sdg ѧ ��sdg �� sdg �쵼�� Tsdg Ȩ �}sdg �� Ζsdg �� Csdg �� tsdg �� esdg �� lsdg �� Gsdg �ܲ� ��sdg �쵼�� isdg �� sdg Ʒ טsdg ��ս�� sdg �� Ksdg �� sdg ��˿� �Gsdg �� `sdg �� Lsdg �� sdg �� sdg ��ǿ �osdg ��Ʒ�� sdg �� Asdg �� ^sdg ҵģʽ �sdg �� ? sdgһ�� sdg��ΰ �bsdg �� ~sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� ysdg ׬Ǯ ��sdg ��ҵ dusdg ģ ansdg ʽ�� sdg �� sdg Ӣ ��sdg �ﴴ ��sdg ʼ�ˡ� ��sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg ��Ӣ�� sdg �� Fsdg �� esdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� Vsdg �� @sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� רsdg �� asdg �� Șsdg �� уsdg �Ͽ� ��sdg ʱ �Ysdg �䣺 ��sdg 10 �Hsdg �� dusdg 29 i?sdg -31 Զsdg �� Ӷsdg �� Ѷsdg �εص� Ҷsdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� ҈sdg ��ѧ ��sdg Ȩ�� ͉sdg �� [?sdg �� sdg ��֮ �sdg �� sdg �� ԍsdg ��ռ� ősdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� ׶sdg �� նsdg ר�ҡ� ضsdg �� ۶sdg �� ܶsdg �� ڶsdg �� ݲsdg �� sdg ��ܲ� ��sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� ս ��sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �˿� ��sdg �� ։sdg �� sdg �� ݎsdg �� ݏsdg �� sdg �� ؑsdg �ؾ�� sdg Ǔsdg �� sdg Ӣ�ﴴ J?sdg ʼ ��sdg �ˡ� ��sdg ��� sdg Ԫsdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg Ӣ�� sdg ��˵ �sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg ��ʦ �sdg �� ޶sdg Ҷ ��sdg �� Զsdg �� ȶsdg �� sdg �� sdg �ټ�� sdg �� sdg �� sdg Ǳ�ܼ� ��sdg �� sdg ��ʦ ��sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� Ҷsdg �� ҄sdg �ܲ� A?sdg ��˵�� m?sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� Ƈsdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� ʶsdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� b?sdg ��ʱ�� s?sdg �� 11 ��sdg ��8 ��sdg ��-1 ��sdg 0 ��sdg �� sdg �Ͽ� ��sdg �� sdg �㣺 ��sdg �㶫 �Ysdg ��sdg �� sdg �� tsdg �� sdg �� \?sdg �� Ӗsdg ��ѧ m?sdg Ȩ�� sdg �� ޖsdg ��֮ ��sdg �� Ösdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg ��ѧ ֚sdg �� Ǜsdg �� k?sdg �ʵۡ�� sdg �� sdg �ơ� k?sdg �� sdg �� sdg �ʱ�� sdg �� sdg �� sdg ��ҵ T?sdg ģʽ�� sdg һ�ˡ� ��sdg �� sdg ΰ�� sdg �� w?sdg �� sdg ҵģʽ ��sdg �� D?sdg �¡� �� sdg �� sdg Ӣ�� sdg ��ʼ�� j?sdg �� D?sdg �� y?sdg �� z?sdg ˵�ҡ� ? sdg �� e?sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �sdg �Ͽ� �sdg ʱ�䣺 �sdg ��sdg 11 ��sdg ��11 ��sdg �� sdg -1 ��sdg 3�� sdg ��sdg �Ͽ� ��sdg �ص㣺 ��sdg ��sdg �Ĵ� ��sdg �ɶ� ��sdg ��sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg ��sdg �ɹ�Ȩ ��sdg �� sdg �� ǁsdg �� sdg �� sdg ֮ ��sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �ɹ�ѧ ��sdg �� sdg �� i?sdg ��Ȩ�� sdg �� \?sdg ��š�� v?sdg �� Ņsdg �� نsdg �� @?sdg �� H?sdg Ʒ��ս�ԡ� Ɔsdg �� s?sdg ��˿�� sdg ��sdg �� sdg �� ƶsdg �� sdg ǿ�� هsdg Ʒ�ơ� ��sdg ��sdg ��ҵ ��sdg ģʽ�� шsdg һ �sdg �ˡ� �sdg ��ΰ�� sdg ��sdg �� sdg �� sdg ׬ �sdg Ǯ�� j?sdg ��ҵģʽ ߌsdg �� sdg ��Ӣ S?sdg �ﴴʼ k?sdg �ˡ�� ��sdg �� ֎sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg Ӣ� ��sdg t?sdg ��Ӫ�� ~?sdg һ�ˡ� ��sdg �� A?sdg �� sdg ��΢ ��sdg Ӫ �sdg ��ϵ İsdg ͳ�� zsdg �� d?sdg �� sdg �� x?sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� _?sdg �Ͽ�ʱ�� F?sdg �� 1 ��sdg 1��1 ��sdg 3 ��sdg -1 ��sdg 5�� sdg ��sdg �Ͽ� ��sdg �ص㣺 E?sdg �㽭 ��sdg �� [?sdg �ݽ� ��sdg ��⣺ L?sdg �� sdg ��ѧȨ ? sdg �� ensdg �� sdg ��°� ��sdg ֮ ��sdg �� sdg �� Csdg �� Wsdg �� sdg ��ؾ� ��sdg �� sdg �� ensdg ��ר g?sdg �ҡ�� E sdg ��š� eosdg �� sdg �� eosdg �� l?sdg �ܲ�� s sdg �� eosdg m?sdg ս�� ? sdg �� eosdg �� s?sdg �˿�� ? sdg �� ersdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg ��Ӣ ��sdg �� sdg ��ʼ ��sdg �ˡ�� sdg �� sdg �� ٦sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg Ӣ�� sdg �� sdg ˵�� nsdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg ��ʦ�� sdg �� sdg ��Ҷ �Xsdg �� psdg �� rsdg �� ksdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� Ǳ ��sdg �� sdg �� xsdg ��ʦ�� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� Ysdg �� xsdg �� ssdg �ܲ�� Ğsdg ˵ �Hsdg �� nsdg �� ^sdg �� Lsdg �� Ԡsdg �� @sdg �� sdg �� ڍsdg �� [sdg �� ݉sdg �� Wsdg �� sdg �� sdg �� zsdg �� sdg �Xsdg �Ͽ� ��sdg ʱ�䣺 �sdg �sdg 11 �sdg ��15 ��sdg �� sdg -1 fasdg 7�� sdg ��sdg �Ͽ� ��sdg �ص㣺 ��sdg ��sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg ��ѧ ��sdg Ȩ�� sdg �� sdg �� sdg ��֮ ��sdg �� sdg �� sdg ��ռ� ��sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� osdg �� sdg �� sdg ר�ҡ� ��sdg �� Vsdg �� ksdg �� sdg �� Xsdg �� sdg ��ܲ� ��sdg �� Usdg �� ƞsdg �� ս ʆsdg �� tsdg �� sdg �� sdg �� esdg �˿� ��sdg �� zsdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� fasdg �� n?sdg �ؾ�� sdg Ǳ�� sdg �� sdg ʦ ��sdg �� sdg �� sdg ��sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg ��Ǳ ��sdg �� sdg �� sdg ��Ӣ ��sdg �� sdg ��ʼ ��sdg �ˡ�� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� dosdg �� u?sdg ��Ӣ� ��sdg ��sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� Ԗsdg �� sdg �� u?sdg �Ͽ�ʱ ћsdg �� sdg �� sdg 11�� ²sdg 2 f?sdg 2- ��sdg 24�� sdg ��sdg �� sdg �εص� ��sdg �� sdg �� K?sdg �� sdg �� W?sdg ��sdg �ݽ�� k?sdg �⣺ L?sdg �ɹ�ѧ h?sdg Ȩ�� L?sdg �°�֮ ��sdg �� sdg �� Z?sdg ��γ�Ϊ ^?sdg ��ҵ�� `?sdg һ�� a sdg �� dusdg ר�ҡ� ��sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg ִ ��sdg �� sdg �Ŷӡ� ��sdg ��sdg ս�� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �˿�� sdg �sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg ǿ�� sdg Ʒ�ơ� �sdg ��sdg �� sdg ��ʦ ܶsdg �� sdg �� Esdg Ҷ�� sdg ��sdg �� Xsdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� Ϳsdg ��sdg �� sdg �� լsdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �Ͽ�ʱ ��sdg �� sdg �� sdg 11�� sdg 2 �osdg 9�� {sdg -12 ��sdg �� غsdg 1�� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �ص� ��sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� Tsdg ɳ �� }sdg �� Ζsdg �� Csdg �� tsdg �� esdg �޳� �lsdg ��ѧȨ �Gsdg �� sdg �� isdg ��֮ ��sdg �� טsdg �� sdg �� Ksdg �� sdg ��ѧ �Gsdg �� `sdg ̫ �Lsdg �쵼 ��sdg ��ר�� sdg �� osdg �š� ��sdg �� Asdg �� ^sdg �� sdg �ܲ�� ? sdg�� sdg�� bsdg ս�� ~sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� ysdg �� sdg �� dusdg �� ansdg �� sdg �� sdg ��ǿ�� sdg Ʒ ��sdg �ơ� ��sdg ˵�� sdg ר �sdg �ҡ� ��sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� Fsdg �� esdg �� sdg ��˵�� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� Vsdg �� @sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� רsdg �� asdg �� Șsdg �� уsdg �� sdg �� Ysdg �� sdg �� Hsdg �� dusdg �� i?sdg ��ʱ Զsdg �䣺 Ӷsdg 1 Ѷsdg 2�� Ҷsdg 5-7 ��sdg �� sdg ��sdg �Ͽε� ��sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� ҈sdg �� sdg �� ͉sdg �⣺ [?sdg �sdg �� sdg �ɹ�ѧ ��sdg Ȩ ԍsdg �� ősdg �°�֮ ��sdg ��sdg �� sdg �� ׶sdg �� նsdg �ɹ� ضsdg ѧ�� ۶sdg �� ܶsdg ̫�� ڶsdg ��ר ݲsdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg ��ܲ� ��sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� ս ��sdg �� sdg �� ։sdg �� sdg �� ݎsdg �˿� ݏsdg �� sdg �� ؑsdg �� sdg ��ǿ Ǔsdg �� sdg Ʒ�� J?sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg ʦ�� Ԫsdg �� sdg Ҷ�� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg ��ټ� �sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� ޶sdg �� sdg �� Զsdg �� ȶsdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg ��sdg �ر� ��sdg ��ѣ� ��sdg ��sdg �� Ҷsdg �Ƿ�� ҄sdg �� A?sdg �� m?sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� Ƈsdg �� sdg �� sdg �쵼 ��sdg �� ʶsdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� b?sdg ��, s?sdg �� sdg ��sdg �� sdg �Ƿ�� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg ��ȡ �Ysdg �� sdg �� sdg �� tsdg �� sdg �� \?sdg ��ҵ�� Ӗsdg �� m?sdg �� sdg ޖsdg �� sdg �Ƿ�� Ösdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� ֚sdg �� Ǜsdg ��Ƿ� k?sdg �� sdg �ٵĴ� �sdg �� k?sdg Ŀ�ꣿ �� sdg �� sdg �Ƿ� ��sdg �� sdg �� sdg �Ķ� T?sdg �ٶ�� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �Ƿ� w?sdg ��ύ ��sdg �� sdg �� D?sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� j?sdg �� D?sdg �� y?sdg �� z?sdg �� ? sdg �� e?sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg ��ҽ� ��sdg �� sdg Դ�� sdg �� sdg Ҫ �sdg һ�� sdg �� sdg ͻ ��sdg ��һ ��sdg ǧ�ˣ� ��sdg �� sdg ֧�� sdg �ң�� sdg Ҳ ��sdg �� sdg ��㣡 ��sdg ��sdg �ﻹ ��sdg ��һ�� sdg �� sdg �� sdg Ҳ�� sdg �� sdg Ҫ�� sdg ǧ�� sdg Ҫ ǁsdg �� sdg �� sdg Ҫ ��sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg ��Ϊ�� sdg �� i?sdg �ȫ �� sdg ֻ \?sdg ��1000 v?sdg �� Ņsdg �� نsdg ʯ @?sdg ϯȫ��ֻ�� H?sdg һ�ٸ� Ɔsdg �� s?sdg ��ס ��sdg �� sdg ֻ ��sdg �� ƶsdg һ�κ� �sdg �� هsdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� шsdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� j?sdg �� ߌsdg �� sdg ��Ȼ S?sdg ��ԥ�� k?sdg ��֪�� sdg �� ֎sdg Ӧ�� sdg �ж�� sdg �� sdg �� sdg ��ֹͣ t?sdg �Ķ�� ~?sdg ��ţ�� sdg Ϊ�� A?sdg ��Ȼ�� sdg �� sdg ��Ҫ�� sdg �� İsdg �Ķ� �zsdg �� d?sdg ֻ��һ ��sdg �� x?sdg �ҡ�� sdg ��ʵ�� sdg �� sdg ��Ҳ ��sdg ûʲô ��sdg �� sdg �ã� ��sdg ֻ�� _?sdg �� F?sdg ��ƽ ��sdg ӹ�� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� E?sdg һ�Σ�� sdg ��Զ [?sdg ��Ҫ�� sdg ��һ L?sdg �Σ��Դ ��sdg Ը�� ? sdg һ�� ensdg �� sdg �� sdg Ϊ�� sdg �� sdg �� Csdg �� Wsdg ��sdg �� sdg ��ڶ� ��sdg �� ensdg ��ר g?sdg �ң�� E sdg �� eosdg �ɹ�· ��sdg �� eosdg ��һ l?sdg ��ϰ�� s sdg �� eosdg �� m?sdg �ϳɹ� ? sdg �ĵ�· eosdg �� s?sdg �� ? sdg �� ersdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� ٦sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� nsdg �� sdg Ʊ��ϵ ��sdg �� sdg ʽ�� sdg 1�� sdg �� Xsdg �� psdg �� rsdg 1 �ksdg 38 ��sdg 917 ��sdg 9 ��sdg 99 ��sdg 333 ��sdg �xsdg ��Դ �sdg ��ʦ�� sdg �� sdg ͨ�� Ysdg ��˵�� xsdg �� ssdg ��Ҫ Ğsdg �� Hsdg �� nsdg ֮�� ^sdg ʦ�γ� �Lsdg �� Ԡsdg 2 �@sdg ��ֻ� ��sdg �� ڍsdg �ű� �[sdg �� ݉sdg �� Wsdg �� sdg �ţ�� sdg �� zsdg +�� sdg ��+�� Xsdg ϸ ��sdg ��ַ �sdg +��Ҫ �sdg �� sdg �� sdg ��֮�� sdg ʦ fasdg �γ� ��sdg +�� sdg �� sdg �� sdg ��1 ��sdg 8 ��sdg 91 ��sdg 799 ��sdg 9 ��sdg 33 ��sdg 3 �� sdg �� sdg Դ�� sdg ʦ�� sdg �� sdg �� sdg ��ϵ ��sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� osdg �� sdg ��sdg 3�� sdg ��QQ �Vsdg �� ksdg ΢�� sdg �� Xsdg ��sdg �� sdg ��΢�� Usdg �� ƞsdg ΢�� ʆsdg �ţ�1 �tsdg 9 ��sdg 85 ��sdg 888 �esdg ��sdg �� zsdg �ͣ�� sdg �� sdg �� sdg +�ֻ� fasdg �� n?sdg +��ϸ��ַ ��sdg + ��sdg ��Ҫ ��sdg �� sdg �� sdg ֮�� sdg ʦ�� sdg �� sdg �� sdg Դ��ʦ ��sdg �� sdg �� sdg ��ϵ ��sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg �� sdg ��sdg �� dosdg ��ʽ u?sdg �� sdg �� sdg ��sdg ��ϵ ��sdg ��ʽ�� sdg ��sdg ��ϵ ��sdg ��ַ�� sdg ��sdg �� sdg �γ̣� ��sdg ��sdg �� Ԗsdg �� 1 ��sdg 0 u?sdg ��1 ћsdg 8-2 ��sdg 0 ��sdg �� ²sdg �� f?sdg ��sdg 10 ��sdg ��29 ��sdg - ��sdg 31 ��sdg �� sdg K?sdg �� sdg 11�� W?sdg 0 ��sdg 8- k?sdg 10�� L?sdg �� 1 h?sdg 1��1 L?sdg 1-13 ��sdg �� sdg �� Z?sdg 11 ^?sdg ��13- `?sdg 15�� a sdg dusdg �� sdg 11�� sdg 1 ��sdg 5- ��sdg 17�� sdg ��sdg �� sdg �� 1 ��sdg 1 ��sdg ��2 ��sdg 2-2 ��sdg 4 ��sdg �� sdg �� ɳ ��sdg ��sdg 11 ��sdg ��29 �sdg - ��sdg 12 �sdg ��1�� sdg ��sdg �� sdg �� 1 ��sdg 2 ��sdg ��0 ܶsdg 5-0 ��sdg 7 �Esdg ��

11 years, 8 months

flashreport script

by Martin Steigerwald

I am not subscribed to linaro-dev, so please Cc me in case you drop flashbench-results mailinglist from receivers. Hi Arnd, hi everyone! For now quick and short. A simple script to automate common steps on reporting flash medium test results. It goes as far as read tests for erase block size and then suggests some open au tests together with a warning that these write to the device. I checked other flashbench-results posts as to what info would be interesting. Find it at: git://gitorious.org/flashbench/flashbench.git Example output is at: [Flashbench] Samsung Plus MB-SPAGFFP Class 10 SDHC 16GB Sat Dec 1 16:02:18 UTC 2012 http://lists.linaro.org/pipermail/flashbench-results/2012-December/000346.h… Sorry that I occupied flashbench upstream name for project. I can look into renaming it to "flashbench-martin" or something like that. The script is in branch "flashreport". In branch "defaultblocksize" you find a currently untested patch for changing default block size to 1024. I can try to send patches as mails via git, but I´d have to look it up first, since I do this quite rarely. Up to then please use the repo urls :) Nice weekend, -- Martin 'Helios' Steigerwald - http://www.Lichtvoll.de GPG: 03B0 0D6C 0040 0710 4AFA B82F 991B EAAC A599 84C7

11 years, 10 months

Samsung Memory MB-MP64D 64GB EVO MicroSDXC UHS-I Grade Class 10 MicroSDXC

by Martin Steigerwald

Hello! Three runs of my flashreport script[1] which uses flashbench as well as the open au benchmarks it suggested but additionally with report preferred erase block size as well. It seems pretty clear to me from the factory partitioning and the benchmark results that the device prefers an erase block size of large 16 MiB. But even with the reported default erase block size it seems to work quite well. Do you agree with this interpretation? I am not sure about the open au numbers as benchmark results do not vary much. It appears to me that it seems to slightly prefer lower open au numbers like 3 or 5 seem to be slightly preferable. For the intended use in Sandisk e260v1 with Rockbox open au numbers would not matter anyway as they are only setable with F2FS I think. The card indeed does work in it, reformatted to FAT32 (from ExFAT) and with partition type 0xc. I re-used the manufacturer partitioning. The included SD adapter from Samsung seems to have contact issues with SD card slot in ThinkPad T520. An Intenso I already had here one has no such issues. Except from kern.log: Aug 31 10:37:04 merkaba kernel: [215894.957529] mmc0: card 0001 removed Aug 31 10:37:06 merkaba kernel: [215896.457997] mmc0: new high speed SDXC card at address 0001 Aug 31 10:37:06 merkaba kernel: [215896.458528] mmcblk0: mmc0:0001 00000 58.5 GiB Aug 31 10:37:06 merkaba kernel: [215896.460570] mmc0: Got data interrupt 0x00200000 even though no data operation was in progress. Aug 31 10:37:06 merkaba kernel: [215896.460717] mmcblk0: error -110 sending status command, retrying Aug 31 10:37:06 merkaba kernel: [215896.460768] mmcblk0: error -110 sending status command, retrying Aug 31 10:37:06 merkaba kernel: [215896.460820] mmcblk0: error -110 sending status command, aborting Aug 31 10:37:06 merkaba kernel: [215896.460833] blk_update_request: 8 callbacks suppressed Aug 31 10:37:06 merkaba kernel: [215896.460837] end_request: I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 0 Aug 31 10:37:06 merkaba kernel: [215896.460842] quiet_error: 8 callbacks suppressed Aug 31 10:37:06 merkaba kernel: [215896.460846] Buffer I/O error on device mmcblk0, logical block 0 Aug 31 10:37:06 merkaba kernel: [215896.470999] mmc0: Controller never released inhibit bit(s). Aug 31 10:37:06 merkaba kernel: [215896.471207] mmcblk0: error -5 sending status command, retrying Aug 31 10:37:06 merkaba kernel: [215896.471272] mmcblk0: error -110 sending status command, retrying Aug 31 10:37:06 merkaba kernel: [215896.471324] mmcblk0: error -110 sending status command, aborting Aug 31 10:37:06 merkaba kernel: [215896.471337] end_request: I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 0 Aug 31 10:37:06 merkaba kernel: [215896.471343] Buffer I/O error on device mmcblk0, logical block 0 Aug 31 10:37:06 merkaba kernel: [215896.481525] mmc0: Controller never released inhibit bit(s). Aug 31 10:37:06 merkaba kernel: [215896.481678] mmcblk0: error -5 sending status command, retrying Aug 31 10:37:06 merkaba kernel: [215896.481742] mmcblk0: error -110 sending status command, retrying Aug 31 10:37:06 merkaba kernel: [215896.481796] mmcblk0: error -110 sending status command, aborting Aug 31 10:37:06 merkaba kernel: [215896.481809] end_request: I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 0 If I really insert it slowly and press it till the arrester it seems to work, but I rather prefer the Intenso adapter for now. Benchmark results follow: ===== Benchmarks in ThinkPad T520 internal SD card reader ===== merkaba:~> lspci -nn | grep MMC 0d:00.0 System peripheral [0880]: Ricoh Co Ltd MMC/SD Host Controller [1180:e822] (rev 08) merkaba:~> tail -fn0 /var/log/kern.log Aug 31 10:34:58 merkaba kernel: [215768.587240] mmc0: card 0001 removed Aug 31 10:35:50 merkaba kernel: [215820.887063] mmc0: new high speed SDXC card at address 0001 Aug 31 10:35:50 merkaba kernel: [215820.887507] mmcblk0: mmc0:0001 00000 58.5 GiB Aug 31 10:35:50 merkaba kernel: [215820.888892] mmcblk0: p1 Device has 62881005568 bytes: martin@merkaba:~> factor 62881005568 62881005568: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 937 === First run of flashreport script === martin@merkaba:~/[…]/flashbench> ./flashreport /dev/mmcblk0 ===> MMC card detected with erase block size of 524288 bytes <=== ==> find /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/ -maxdepth 1 -type f | xargs head <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/cid <== 1b534d303030303010f216606c00e300 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/csd <== 400e00325b590001d47f7f800a404000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/scr <== 02c5800300000000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/date <== 03/2014 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/name <== 00000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/type <== SD ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/preferred_erase_size <== 16777216 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/fwrev <== 0x0 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/hwrev <== 0x1 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/oemid <== 0x534d ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/manfid <== 0x00001b ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/serial <== 0xf216606c ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/uevent <== DRIVER=mmcblk MMC_TYPE=SD MMC_NAME=00000 MODALIAS=mmc:block ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/erase_size <== 512 ==> fdisk -lu <== [sudo] password for martin: Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 58.6 GiB, 62881005568 bytes, 122814464 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/mmcblk0p1 32768 122814463 122781696 58.6G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT ==> sfdisk -d <== # partition table of /dev/mmcblk0 unit: sectors /dev/mmcblk0p1 : start= 32768, size=122781696, Id= 7 /dev/mmcblk0p2 : start= 0, size= 0, Id= 0 /dev/mmcblk0p3 : start= 0, size= 0, Id= 0 /dev/mmcblk0p4 : start= 0, size= 0, Id= 0 ===> Partition details <=== ==> sudo file -sk /dev/mmcblk0 <== /dev/mmcblk0: DOS/MBR boot sector; partition 1 : ID=0x7, start-CHS (0x2,10,9), end-CHS (0x3ff,254,63), startsector 32768, 122781696 sectors, extended partition table (last)\011 ==> sudo file -sk /dev/mmcblk0p1 <== /dev/mmcblk0p1: DOS/MBR boot sector ==> head -c20M | hexdump -C<== 00000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 000001b0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0a |................| 000001c0 09 02 07 fe ff ff 00 80 00 00 00 80 51 07 00 00 |............Q...| 000001d0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 000001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00000200 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 01000000 eb 76 90 45 58 46 41 54 20 20 20 00 00 00 00 00 |.v.EXFAT .....| 01000010 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 01000040 00 80 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80 51 07 00 00 00 00 |..........Q.....| 01000050 00 40 00 00 00 40 00 00 00 80 00 00 00 51 07 00 |.@...@.......Q..| 01000060 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 09 08 01 80 |................| 01000070 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 |................| 01000080 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 |................| * 010001f0 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 55 aa |..............U.| 01000200 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 010003f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 01000400 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 010005f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 01000600 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 010007f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 01000800 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 010009f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 01000a00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 01000bf0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 01000c00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 01000df0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 01000e00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 01000ff0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 01001000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 010011f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 01001200 46 7e 0c 0a 99 33 21 40 90 c8 fa 6d 38 9c 4b a2 |F~...3!@...m8.K.| 01001210 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 01001600 d3 f8 4a 22 d3 f8 4a 22 d3 f8 4a 22 d3 f8 4a 22 |..J"..J"..J"..J"| * 01001800 eb 76 90 45 58 46 41 54 20 20 20 00 00 00 00 00 |.v.EXFAT .....| 01001810 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 01001840 00 80 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80 51 07 00 00 00 00 |..........Q.....| 01001850 00 40 00 00 00 40 00 00 00 80 00 00 00 51 07 00 |.@...@.......Q..| 01001860 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 09 08 01 80 |................| 01001870 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 |................| 01001880 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 |................| * 010019f0 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 55 aa |..............U.| 01001a00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 01001bf0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 01001c00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 01001df0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 01001e00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 01001ff0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 01002000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 010021f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 01002200 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 010023f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 01002400 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 010025f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 01002600 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 010027f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 01002800 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 010029f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 01002a00 46 7e 0c 0a 99 33 21 40 90 c8 fa 6d 38 9c 4b a2 |F~...3!@...m8.K.| 01002a10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 01002e00 d3 f8 4a 22 d3 f8 4a 22 d3 f8 4a 22 d3 f8 4a 22 |..J"..J"..J"..J"| * 01003000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 01400000 ===> Trying to find erase block size by read tests <=== ==> sudo flashbench -a --count=100 --blocksize=1024 /dev/mmcblk0 <== align 17179869184 pre 439µs on 579µs post 277µs diff 221µs align 8589934592 pre 440µs on 580µs post 277µs diff 221µs align 4294967296 pre 437µs on 578µs post 274µs diff 223µs align 2147483648 pre 440µs on 580µs post 278µs diff 221µs align 1073741824 pre 440µs on 579µs post 277µs diff 221µs align 536870912 pre 440µs on 579µs post 277µs diff 221µs align 268435456 pre 439µs on 578µs post 277µs diff 221µs align 134217728 pre 446µs on 588µs post 286µs diff 222µs align 67108864 pre 444µs on 584µs post 282µs diff 221µs align 33554432 pre 414µs on 551µs post 275µs diff 207µs align 16777216 pre 422µs on 562µs post 287µs diff 207µs align 8388608 pre 280µs on 404µs post 281µs diff 124µs align 4194304 pre 284µs on 407µs post 279µs diff 126µs align 2097152 pre 291µs on 415µs post 291µs diff 124µs align 1048576 pre 295µs on 420µs post 291µs diff 127µs align 524288 pre 293µs on 417µs post 293µs diff 124µs align 262144 pre 287µs on 411µs post 282µs diff 127µs align 131072 pre 287µs on 411µs post 283µs diff 126µs align 65536 pre 287µs on 411µs post 291µs diff 122µs align 32768 pre 274µs on 397µs post 273µs diff 123µs align 16384 pre 274µs on 398µs post 274µs diff 124µs align 8192 pre 273µs on 273µs post 273µs diff 348ns align 4096 pre 281µs on 281µs post 281µs diff 136ns align 2048 pre 267µs on 267µs post 266µs diff 557ns (See README for an explaination on how to interpret the values.) Medium is a memory card which reports 524288 bytes as erase block size and 16777216 bytes as preferred erase size. ===> Suggestions for further benchmarking <=== Further tests can show the number of open erase blocks the medium can support. BEWARE: These tests write onto the device! Make a backup first! Further tests could look as follows: flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=3 --erasesize=524288 --blocksize=1024 /dev/mmcblk0 --offset=$[24*1024*1024] flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=5 --erasesize=524288 --blocksize=1024 /dev/mmcblk0 --offset=$[24*1024*1024] flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=7 --erasesize=524288 --blocksize=1024 /dev/mmcblk0 --offset=$[24*1024*1024] flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=13 --erasesize=524288 --blocksize=1024 /dev/mmcblk0 --offset=$[24*1024*1024] (Consult the README for further suggestions.) === Second run of flashreport script === martin@merkaba:~/…/flashbench> ./flashreport /dev/mmcblk0 ===> MMC card detected with erase block size of 524288 bytes <=== […] ===> Trying to find erase block size by read tests <=== ==> sudo flashbench -a --count=100 --blocksize=1024 /dev/mmcblk0 <== align 17179869184 pre 463µs on 602µs post 301µs diff 221µs align 8589934592 pre 462µs on 601µs post 299µs diff 221µs align 4294967296 pre 448µs on 588µs post 285µs diff 221µs align 2147483648 pre 467µs on 608µs post 304µs diff 223µs align 1073741824 pre 456µs on 595µs post 293µs diff 220µs align 536870912 pre 456µs on 596µs post 292µs diff 221µs align 268435456 pre 451µs on 593µs post 286µs diff 224µs align 134217728 pre 455µs on 594µs post 288µs diff 222µs align 67108864 pre 445µs on 585µs post 284µs diff 221µs align 33554432 pre 435µs on 573µs post 293µs diff 208µs align 16777216 pre 422µs on 560µs post 284µs diff 207µs align 8388608 pre 285µs on 409µs post 285µs diff 124µs align 4194304 pre 291µs on 416µs post 287µs diff 127µs align 2097152 pre 294µs on 417µs post 293µs diff 124µs align 1048576 pre 292µs on 416µs post 288µs diff 126µs align 524288 pre 287µs on 409µs post 285µs diff 124µs align 262144 pre 283µs on 407µs post 278µs diff 126µs align 131072 pre 285µs on 409µs post 280µs diff 126µs align 65536 pre 283µs on 407µs post 287µs diff 122µs align 32768 pre 289µs on 411µs post 288µs diff 123µs align 16384 pre 278µs on 402µs post 278µs diff 124µs align 8192 pre 282µs on 281µs post 281µs diff -523ns align 4096 pre 283µs on 283µs post 283µs diff 131ns align 2048 pre 286µs on 285µs post 285µs diff -817ns (See README for an explaination on how to interpret the values.) Medium is a memory card which reports 524288 bytes as erase block size and 16777216 bytes as preferred erase size. […] === Third run of flashreport script === martin@merkaba:~/…/flashbench> ./flashreport /dev/mmcblk0 […] ===> Trying to find erase block size by read tests <=== ==> sudo flashbench -a --count=100 --blocksize=1024 /dev/mmcblk0 <== align 17179869184 pre 457µs on 597µs post 295µs diff 221µs align 8589934592 pre 453µs on 593µs post 289µs diff 222µs align 4294967296 pre 463µs on 602µs post 299µs diff 221µs align 2147483648 pre 447µs on 586µs post 284µs diff 221µs align 1073741824 pre 450µs on 590µs post 286µs diff 222µs align 536870912 pre 451µs on 590µs post 286µs diff 221µs align 268435456 pre 446µs on 585µs post 283µs diff 221µs align 134217728 pre 449µs on 589µs post 285µs diff 222µs align 67108864 pre 453µs on 594µs post 291µs diff 222µs align 33554432 pre 420µs on 557µs post 280µs diff 206µs align 16777216 pre 423µs on 560µs post 284µs diff 207µs align 8388608 pre 284µs on 408µs post 283µs diff 124µs align 4194304 pre 291µs on 415µs post 286µs diff 127µs align 2097152 pre 286µs on 409µs post 285µs diff 124µs align 1048576 pre 290µs on 414µs post 286µs diff 126µs align 524288 pre 293µs on 419µs post 293µs diff 126µs align 262144 pre 287µs on 412µs post 283µs diff 127µs align 131072 pre 285µs on 408µs post 279µs diff 126µs align 65536 pre 301µs on 426µs post 305µs diff 123µs align 32768 pre 283µs on 408µs post 283µs diff 124µs align 16384 pre 279µs on 403µs post 278µs diff 124µs align 8192 pre 279µs on 279µs post 279µs diff 300ns align 4096 pre 280µs on 279µs post 279µs diff 133ns align 2048 pre 279µs on 279µs post 279µs diff 52ns (See README for an explaination on how to interpret the values.) Medium is a memory card which reports 524288 bytes as erase block size and 16777216 bytes as preferred erase size. […] Some open au write benchmarks. It seems to me: Either the Samsung rating of 48 MB/s is highly overrated or the cardreader is not UHS-1 capable. martin@merkaba:~/[…]/flashbench> sudo flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=3 --erasesize=524288 --blocksize=1024 /dev/mmcblk0 --offset=$[24*1024*1024] 512KiB 12.5M/s 256KiB 14M/s 128KiB 13.8M/s 64KiB 14.2M/s 32KiB 14.6M/s 16KiB 10.5M/s 8KiB 6.45M/s 4KiB 3.54M/s 2KiB 1.87M/s 1KiB 922K/s martin@merkaba:~/[…]/flashbench> sudo flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=5 --erasesize=524288 --blocksize=1024 /dev/mmcblk0 --offset=$[24*1024*1024] 512KiB 14M/s 256KiB 14.3M/s 128KiB 12.6M/s 64KiB 13.3M/s 32KiB 12.7M/s 16KiB 11.6M/s 8KiB 7.11M/s 4KiB 3.8M/s 2KiB 1.93M/s 1KiB 973K/s martin@merkaba:~/[…]/flashbench> sudo flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=7 --erasesize=524288 --blocksize=1024 /dev/mmcblk0 --offset=$[24*1024*1024] 512KiB 13.6M/s 256KiB 14M/s 128KiB 14.2M/s 64KiB 13.3M/s 32KiB 12.8M/s 16KiB 11.5M/s 8KiB 6.68M/s 4KiB 3.73M/s 2KiB 1.93M/s 1KiB 962K/s martin@merkaba:~/[…]/flashbench> sudo flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=13 --erasesize=524288 --blocksize=1024 /dev/mmcblk0 --offset=$[24*1024*1024] 512KiB 13.5M/s 256KiB 14M/s 128KiB 13.9M/s 64KiB 12.9M/s 32KiB 12.4M/s 16KiB 10.7M/s 8KiB 6.79M/s 4KiB 3.76M/s 2KiB 1.86M/s 1KiB 957K/s martin@merkaba:~/[…]/flashbench> sudo flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=3 --erasesize=16777216 --blocksize=1024 /dev/mmcblk0 --offset=$[24*1024*1024] 16MiB 14.1M/s 8MiB 13.6M/s 4MiB 13.5M/s 2MiB 13.6M/s 1MiB 13.4M/s 512KiB 13.3M/s 256KiB 13.1M/s 128KiB 12.9M/s 64KiB 12.9M/s 32KiB 13.1M/s 16KiB 10.4M/s 8KiB 6.37M/s 4KiB 3.6M/s 2KiB 1.83M/s 1KiB 948K/s martin@merkaba:~/[…]/flashbench> sudo flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=5 --erasesize=16777216 --blocksize=1024 /dev/mmcblk0 --offset=$[24*1024*1024] 16MiB 13.8M/s 8MiB 13.6M/s 4MiB 13.5M/s 2MiB 13.7M/s 1MiB 13.5M/s 512KiB 13.3M/s 256KiB 13.4M/s 128KiB 13M/s 64KiB 12.7M/s 32KiB 12.2M/s 16KiB 9.88M/s 8KiB 6.14M/s 4KiB 3.54M/s 2KiB 1.76M/s 1KiB 897K/s martin@merkaba:~/[…]/flashbench> sudo flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=7 --erasesize=16777216 --blocksize=1024 /dev/mmcblk0 --offset=$[24*1024*1024] 16MiB 13.7M/s 8MiB 13.6M/s 4MiB 13.6M/s 2MiB 13.4M/s 1MiB 13.4M/s 512KiB 13.1M/s 256KiB 13.3M/s 128KiB 13M/s 64KiB 12.8M/s 32KiB 12.2M/s 16KiB 9.91M/s 8KiB 6.18M/s 4KiB 3.54M/s 2KiB 1.76M/s 1KiB 914K/s martin@merkaba:~/[…]/flashbench> sudo flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=13 --erasesize=16777216 --blocksize=1024 /dev/mmcblk0 --offset=$[24*1024*1024] 16MiB 13.9M/s 8MiB 13.6M/s 4MiB 13.8M/s 2MiB 13.4M/s 1MiB 13.5M/s 512KiB 13.2M/s 256KiB 12.8M/s 128KiB 12M/s 64KiB 11M/s 32KiB 9.37M/s 16KiB 6.45M/s 8KiB 3.07M/s 4KiB 1.6M/s 2KiB 797K/s 1KiB 408K/s ===== Benchmarks in digisol 2.0 Multi Card Reader 5.1 ===== Seems to be a Transcend reader: merkaba:~> lsusb | grep Transcend Bus 002 Device 007: ID 1307:0330 Transcend Information, Inc. 63-in-1 Multi-Card Reader/Writer merkaba:~> tail -fn0 /var/log/kern.log Aug 31 10:51:49 merkaba kernel: [216779.647323] usb 2-1.1: new high-speed USB device number 7 using ehci-pci Aug 31 10:51:49 merkaba kernel: [216779.930706] usb 2-1.1: New USB device found, idVendor=1307, idProduct=0330 Aug 31 10:51:49 merkaba kernel: [216779.930721] usb 2-1.1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3 Aug 31 10:51:49 merkaba kernel: [216779.930728] usb 2-1.1: Product: Mass Storage Device Aug 31 10:51:49 merkaba kernel: [216779.930734] usb 2-1.1: Manufacturer: Generic Aug 31 10:51:49 merkaba kernel: [216779.930739] usb 2-1.1: SerialNumber: 00000000000006 Aug 31 10:51:49 merkaba kernel: [216779.931712] usb-storage 2-1.1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected Aug 31 10:51:49 merkaba kernel: [216779.931996] scsi host13: usb-storage 2-1.1:1.0 Aug 31 10:51:50 merkaba kernel: [216780.935185] scsi 13:0:0:0: Direct-Access Generic USB CF Reader 0.00 PQ: 0 ANSI: 2 Aug 31 10:51:50 merkaba kernel: [216780.935856] scsi 13:0:0:1: Direct-Access Generic USB SD Reader 0.00 PQ: 0 ANSI: 2 Aug 31 10:51:50 merkaba kernel: [216780.936529] scsi 13:0:0:2: Direct-Access Generic Mini SD Reader 0.00 PQ: 0 ANSI: 2 Aug 31 10:51:50 merkaba kernel: [216780.937054] scsi 13:0:0:3: Direct-Access Generic USB MS Reader 0.00 PQ: 0 ANSI: 2 Aug 31 10:51:50 merkaba kernel: [216780.937556] scsi 13:0:0:4: Direct-Access Generic USB SM Reader 0.00 PQ: 0 ANSI: 2 Aug 31 10:51:50 merkaba kernel: [216780.938602] sd 13:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0 Aug 31 10:51:50 merkaba kernel: [216780.940382] sd 13:0:0:1: Attached scsi generic sg4 type 0 Aug 31 10:51:50 merkaba kernel: [216780.942365] sd 13:0:0:2: Attached scsi generic sg5 type 0 Aug 31 10:51:50 merkaba kernel: [216780.945763] sd 13:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk Aug 31 10:51:50 merkaba kernel: [216780.947310] sd 13:0:0:3: Attached scsi generic sg6 type 0 Aug 31 10:51:50 merkaba kernel: [216780.948245] sd 13:0:0:4: Attached scsi generic sg7 type 0 Aug 31 10:51:50 merkaba kernel: [216780.948512] sd 13:0:0:2: [sde] Attached SCSI removable disk Aug 31 10:51:50 merkaba kernel: [216780.949139] sd 13:0:0:1: [sdd] Attached SCSI removable disk Aug 31 10:51:50 merkaba kernel: [216780.952637] sd 13:0:0:3: [sdf] Attached SCSI removable disk Aug 31 10:51:50 merkaba kernel: [216780.954517] sd 13:0:0:4: [sdg] Attached SCSI removable disk merkaba:~> tail -fn0 /var/log/kern.log Aug 31 10:54:39 merkaba kernel: [216949.712566] sd 14:0:0:1: [sdd] 2048 512-byte logical blocks: (1.04 MB/1.00 MiB) Aug 31 10:54:39 merkaba kernel: [216949.717781] sdd: sdd1 Aug 31 10:54:39 merkaba kernel: [216949.717841] sdd: p1 start 32768 is beyond EOD, enabling native capacity Aug 31 10:54:39 merkaba kernel: [216949.721094] sdd: sdd1 Aug 31 10:54:39 merkaba kernel: [216949.721129] sdd: p1 start 32768 is beyond EOD, truncated Lol, can´t read this SDXC card it seems. :) [1] git@gitorious.org:flashbench-martin21/flashbench.git Thanks, -- Martin 'Helios' Steigerwald - http://www.Lichtvoll.de GPG: 03B0 0D6C 0040 0710 4AFA B82F 991B EAAC A599 84C7

11 years, 10 months

Sandisk Extreme 16GB MicroSDHC - unclear results

by Marcel Partap

Salut, for housing a debian chroot in my android phone, I want to set up a 2.5G partition on this new micro sd card. For that, I want to figure out which parameters to give to mke2fs, as in > mkfs.ext4 -E stride=2,stripe-width=2048 -L debian_chroot /dev/sdb2 Now to figure out the internal erase block size, flashbench was recommended. But I can not quite make sense of my result.. > # fdisk.distrib -l /dev/sdb > > Disk /dev/sdb: 15.9 GB, 15931539456 bytes > 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1936 cylinders, total 31116288 sectors > Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes > Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes > I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes > Disk identifier: 0x000604f9 > > Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System > /dev/sdb1 2048 25890815 12944384 b W95 FAT32 > /dev/sdb2 25890816 31115263 2612224 83 Linux > # flashbench -va /dev/sdb --blocksize=1024 |(echo "align,pre [µs],on [µs],post [µs],diff [µs]" && sed -r 's/\w+ //g;s/\t/,/g;s/[0-9]+ns*/0/g;s/µs//g')|tee flashbench-16gb-sandisk-extreme-microsdhc-blocksize-1024.csv > # flashbench -va /dev/sdb --blocksize=$[3*1024] |(echo "align,pre [µs],on [µs],post [µs],diff [µs]" && sed -r 's/\w+ //g;s/\t/,/g;s/[0-9]+ns*/0/g;s/µs//g')|tee flashbench-16gb-sandisk-extreme-microsdhc-blocksize-$[3*1024].csv resulting CSV files attached.. I created a spreadsheet chart showing a drop.. does this mean the erasure block size is 128KB? That would give a stripe-width of 128KB/(2*4KB)=16? And I have not at all grokked the benefit/applicability of open-au/open-au-nr for practical purposes.. Any clarification greatly appreciated. #Regards!Marcel

11 years, 10 months

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