Flashbench-results

flashbench-results@lists.linaro.org

174 discussions

by Holger Bast

Hi there, I tested a brandnew 8GB SanDisk Extreme SDHC, class 10. erase block size: 4MB block size: ?? open erase blocks: 6 Bye, Holger ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/block <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/cid <== 035344534430384780310a033a00c100 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/csd <== 400e00325b5900003b377f800a404000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/date <== 01/2012 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/driver <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/erase_size <== 512 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/fwrev <== 0x0 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/hwrev <== 0x8 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/manfid <== 0x000003 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/name <== SD08G ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/oemid <== 0x5344 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/power <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/preferred_erase_size <== 4194304 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/scr <== 0235800100000000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/serial <== 0x310a033a ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/subsystem <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/type <== SD ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/uevent <== DRIVER=mmcblk MMC_TYPE=SD MMC_NAME=SD08G MODALIAS=mmc:block Original partition table: Disk /dev/sdd: 7948 MB, 7948206080 bytes 81 heads, 10 sectors/track, 19165 cylinders, total 15523840 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 8192 15523839 7757824 b W95 FAT32 ./flashbench -a /dev/sdc --blocksize=1024 align 2147483648 pre 1.06ms on 1.41ms post 1.13ms diff 317µs align 1073741824 pre 1.02ms on 1.39ms post 1.14ms diff 308µs align 536870912 pre 937µs on 1.36ms post 1.03ms diff 377µs align 268435456 pre 1.05ms on 1.4ms post 1.12ms diff 310µs align 134217728 pre 1.04ms on 1.41ms post 1.12ms diff 332µs align 67108864 pre 1.02ms on 1.38ms post 1.12ms diff 312µs align 33554432 pre 1.01ms on 1.43ms post 1.11ms diff 373µs align 16777216 pre 1.03ms on 1.4ms post 1.09ms diff 343µs align 8388608 pre 1.15ms on 1.57ms post 1.08ms diff 451µs align 4194304 pre 1.33ms on 1.73ms post 1.33ms diff 396µs align 2097152 pre 1.2ms on 1.21ms post 1.22ms diff 1.92µs align 1048576 pre 1.21ms on 1.22ms post 1.21ms diff 8.04µs align 524288 pre 1.2ms on 1.24ms post 1.22ms diff 30.4µs align 262144 pre 1.21ms on 1.22ms post 1.23ms diff 1.48µs align 131072 pre 1.21ms on 1.23ms post 1.22ms diff 9.99µs align 65536 pre 1.2ms on 1.22ms post 1.21ms diff 9.37µs align 32768 pre 1.21ms on 1.23ms post 1.2ms diff 25.5µs align 16384 pre 1.22ms on 1.23ms post 1.21ms diff 14.3µs align 8192 pre 1.22ms on 1.21ms post 1.22ms diff -10224n align 4096 pre 1.2ms on 1.2ms post 1.2ms diff 2.93µs align 2048 pre 1.22ms on 1.21ms post 1.23ms diff -16677n RANDOM TESTS ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=4096 --open-au-nr=1 --random 4MiB 20.5M/s 2MiB 20.3M/s 1MiB 19.8M/s 512KiB 6.35M/s 256KiB 2.37M/s 128KiB 1.16M/s 64KiB 662K/s 32KiB 312K/s 16KiB 257K/s 8KiB 1.66M/s 4KiB 913K/s ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=4096 --open-au-nr=2 --random 4MiB 20.2M/s 2MiB 20.3M/s 1MiB 20M/s 512KiB 6.43M/s 256KiB 2.38M/s 128KiB 1.16M/s 64KiB 662K/s 32KiB 312K/s 16KiB 236K/s 8KiB 1.61M/s 4KiB 880K/s ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=4096 --open-au-nr=3 --random 4MiB 20.2M/s 2MiB 20M/s 1MiB 19.9M/s 512KiB 6.45M/s 256KiB 2.37M/s 128KiB 1.16M/s 64KiB 662K/s 32KiB 313K/s 16KiB 254K/s 8KiB 1.58M/s 4KiB 865K/s ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=4096 --open-au-nr=4 --random 4MiB 20.4M/s 2MiB 20.3M/s 1MiB 20.1M/s 512KiB 6.38M/s 256KiB 2.38M/s 128KiB 1.16M/s 64KiB 662K/s 32KiB 312K/s 16KiB 245K/s 8KiB 1.58M/s 4KiB 864K/s ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=4096 --open-au-nr=5 --random 4MiB 20.4M/s 2MiB 20.2M/s 1MiB 20.2M/s 512KiB 6.44M/s 256KiB 2.37M/s 128KiB 1.16M/s 64KiB 662K/s 32KiB 312K/s 16KiB 264K/s 8KiB 1.58M/s 4KiB 864K/s ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=4096 --open-au-nr=6 --random 4MiB 20.4M/s 2MiB 20.2M/s 1MiB 20.1M/s 512KiB 6.38M/s 256KiB 2.37M/s 128KiB 1.16M/s 64KiB 662K/s 32KiB 312K/s 16KiB 241K/s 8KiB 1.52M/s 4KiB 856K/s ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=4096 --open-au-nr=7 --random 4MiB 20.4M/s 2MiB 11.1M/s 1MiB 4.4M/s 512KiB 2.06M/s 256KiB 2.24M/s 128KiB 1.15M/s 64KiB 661K/s 32KiB 311K/s 16KiB 259K/s 8KiB 1.45M/s 4KiB 858K/s ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=4096 --open-au-nr=8 --random 4MiB 20.4M/s 2MiB 11.2M/s 1MiB 4.37M/s 512KiB 2.05M/s 256KiB 1.01M/s 128KiB 499K/s 64KiB 249K/s 32KiB 125K/s 16KiB 278K/s 8KiB 1.4M/s 4KiB 862K/s LINEAR TESTS ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=4096 --open-au-nr=1 4MiB 20.2M/s 2MiB 20.3M/s 1MiB 20.4M/s 512KiB 20.3M/s 256KiB 20M/s 128KiB 19.1M/s 64KiB 19.2M/s 32KiB 16.9M/s 16KiB 13.9M/s 8KiB 9.94M/s 4KiB 7.07M/s ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=4096 --open-au-nr=2 4MiB 20.6M/s 2MiB 20.4M/s 1MiB 20.1M/s 512KiB 19.7M/s 256KiB 18.6M/s 128KiB 17M/s 64KiB 18M/s 32KiB 12.5M/s 16KiB 8.61M/s 8KiB 4.42M/s 4KiB 2.01M/s ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=4096 --open-au-nr=3 4MiB 20.5M/s 2MiB 20M/s 1MiB 20.2M/s 512KiB 19.6M/s 256KiB 18.6M/s 128KiB 16.9M/s 64KiB 18M/s 32KiB 12.4M/s 16KiB 8.5M/s 8KiB 3.97M/s 4KiB 1.98M/s ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=4096 --open-au-nr=4 4MiB 20.5M/s 2MiB 20.3M/s 1MiB 20M/s 512KiB 19.6M/s 256KiB 18.5M/s 128KiB 16.9M/s 64KiB 18M/s 32KiB 12.3M/s 16KiB 8.54M/s 8KiB 4.38M/s 4KiB 1.97M/s ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=4096 --open-au-nr=5 4MiB 20.5M/s 2MiB 20.2M/s 1MiB 20M/s 512KiB 19.6M/s 256KiB 18.5M/s 128KiB 16.9M/s 64KiB 18M/s 32KiB 12.4M/s 16KiB 8.52M/s 8KiB 4.11M/s 4KiB 1.96M/s ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=4096 --open-au-nr=6 4MiB 20.6M/s 2MiB 20.3M/s 1MiB 20.1M/s 512KiB 19.6M/s 256KiB 18.6M/s 128KiB 16.9M/s 64KiB 17.9M/s 32KiB 12.3M/s 16KiB 8.48M/s 8KiB 4.13M/s 4KiB 2.04M/s ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=4096 --open-au-nr=7 4MiB 20.3M/s 2MiB 11.5M/s 1MiB 4.41M/s 512KiB 2.06M/s 256KiB 9.22M/s 128KiB 16.9M/s 64KiB 18.1M/s 32KiB 12.3M/s 16KiB 8.48M/s 8KiB 4.16M/s 4KiB 1.95M/s ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=4096 --open-au-nr=8 4MiB 20.4M/s 2MiB 11.7M/s 1MiB 4.4M/s 512KiB 2.06M/s 256KiB 1.01M/s 128KiB 499K/s 64KiB 249K/s 32KiB 125K/s 16KiB 973K/s 8KiB 453K/s 4KiB 411K/s ./flashbench /dev/sdc -f --erasesize=4194304 4MiB 19.7M/s 18.9M/s 20.3M/s 20.4M/s 20M/s 20.3M/s 2MiB 20.5M/s 18.9M/s 19.8M/s 20.6M/s 20.2M/s 20.6M/s 1MiB 20.4M/s 19M/s 20.1M/s 20.2M/s 20.5M/s 20.2M/s 512KiB 20.3M/s 19.2M/s 19.8M/s 20.2M/s 20.2M/s 20.2M/s 256KiB 19.9M/s 18.9M/s 19.4M/s 19.8M/s 19.6M/s 19.6M/s 128KiB 19M/s 17.9M/s 18.7M/s 18.9M/s 19.1M/s 18.8M/s 64KiB 18.9M/s 17.9M/s 18.2M/s 18.9M/s 18.9M/s 18.9M/s 32KiB 16.7M/s 15.9M/s 16.5M/s 16.6M/s 16.5M/s 16.5M/s 16KiB 13.8M/s 13.1M/s 13.9M/s 13.6M/s 13.7M/s 13.6M/s

14 years

8GB no-name class4 mini-SDHC

by Holger Bast

Hi again, I've tested another SDHC card. But this time it was a class-4 mini-SDHC with 8GB. The card is a very cheap one from the German drugstore DM. (No, usually I do not buy my electronics in drugstores ;-) - just a backup card.) Ok, here are the results. I'm not sure, if my interpretation of them is right. I've read, that the choice of the underlaying filesystem depends on the amount of open erase blocks. Is there any rule of best practice for choosing the right filesystem for a particular sd card? Some feedback would be nice! Bye, Holger $ fdisk -l /dev/sdc Disk /dev/sdc: 7948 MB, 7948206080 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 966 cylinders, total 15523840 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 $ ./flashbench -a /dev/sdc --blocksize=1024 align 2147483648 pre 825µs on 1.19ms post 851µs diff 347µs align 1073741824 pre 841µs on 1.18ms post 830µs diff 341µs align 536870912 pre 821µs on 1.14ms post 779µs diff 341µs align 268435456 pre 842µs on 1.18ms post 818µs diff 346µs align 134217728 pre 832µs on 1.16ms post 799µs diff 346µs align 67108864 pre 860µs on 1.16ms post 822µs diff 321µs align 33554432 pre 832µs on 1.15ms post 802µs diff 331µs align 16777216 pre 783µs on 1.16ms post 824µs diff 359µs align 8388608 pre 807µs on 1.1ms post 781µs diff 303µs align 4194304 pre 817µs on 1.14ms post 786µs diff 340µs align 2097152 pre 847µs on 924µs post 791µs diff 105µs align 1048576 pre 791µs on 935µs post 807µs diff 136µs align 524288 pre 826µs on 906µs post 823µs diff 81.9µs align 262144 pre 810µs on 926µs post 826µs diff 108µs align 131072 pre 832µs on 913µs post 801µs diff 96.5µs align 65536 pre 819µs on 922µs post 830µs diff 97.2µs align 32768 pre 831µs on 941µs post 807µs diff 122µs align 16384 pre 772µs on 918µs post 820µs diff 122µs align 8192 pre 798µs on 845µs post 837µs diff 27µs align 4096 pre 794µs on 823µs post 806µs diff 22.2µs align 2048 pre 836µs on 850µs post 801µs diff 31.7µs ## Looks like 4MB erase blocksize and 16KB page size?? $ ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[4*1024] --random --open-au-nr=1 4MiB 5.41M/s 2MiB 8.97M/s 1MiB 5.98M/s 512KiB 17.1M/s 256KiB 10.9M/s 128KiB 4.25M/s 64KiB 2.13M/s 32KiB 1.06M/s 16KiB 545K/s 8KiB 2.07M/s 4KiB 1.76M/s $ ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[4*1024] --random --open-au-nr=2 4MiB 8.21M/s 2MiB 5.75M/s 1MiB 18.5M/s 512KiB 16.8M/s 256KiB 10.7M/s 128KiB 4.26M/s 64KiB 2.11M/s 32KiB 1.06M/s 16KiB 545K/s 8KiB 2.05M/s 4KiB 1.69M/s $ ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[4*1024] --random --open-au-nr=3 4MiB 9.18M/s 2MiB 19.1M/s 1MiB 18.7M/s 512KiB 16.5M/s 256KiB 10.8M/s 128KiB 4.23M/s 64KiB 2.11M/s 32KiB 1.06M/s 16KiB 544K/s 8KiB 1.99M/s 4KiB 1.67M/s $./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[4*1024] --random --open-au-nr=4 4MiB 10.6M/s 2MiB 19.3M/s 1MiB 18.6M/s 512KiB 16.6M/s 256KiB 10.9M/s 128KiB 4.24M/s 64KiB 2.11M/s 32KiB 1.06M/s 16KiB 544K/s 8KiB 1.86M/s 4KiB 1.53M/s $ ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[4*1024] --random --open-au-nr=5 4MiB 6.1M/s 2MiB 6.68M/s 1MiB 4.39M/s 512KiB 2.96M/s 256KiB 1.95M/s 128KiB 1.02M/s 64KiB 570K/s 32KiB 334K/s 16KiB 167K/s 8KiB 1M/s 4KiB 1.14M/s $ ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[4*1024] --random --open-au-nr=6 4MiB 7.5M/s 2MiB 4.69M/s 1MiB 3.38M/s 512KiB 2.02M/s 256KiB 1.22M/s 128KiB 688K/s 64KiB 406K/s ^C ## Looks like 4. $./flashbench /dev/sdc -f --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] 4MiB 4.11M/s 17.4M/s 16.9M/s 5.62M/s 5.18M/s 5.2M/s 2MiB 5.02M/s 17.6M/s 17.2M/s 5.32M/s 5.03M/s 5.21M/s 1MiB 5.28M/s 17.2M/s 17.2M/s 5.53M/s 5.21M/s 5M/s 512KiB 5.04M/s 17.4M/s 5.07M/s 5.21M/s 5.27M/s 5.01M/s 256KiB 5.19M/s 17.1M/s 5.02M/s 5.21M/s 5.02M/s 5.21M/s 128KiB 2.35M/s 16.6M/s 4.96M/s 5.22M/s 4.99M/s 5.18M/s 64KiB 4.98M/s 16.6M/s 5.21M/s 4.91M/s 4.97M/s 5.21M/s 32KiB 2.31M/s 14.8M/s 5.11M/s 4.92M/s 5.12M/s 5.2M/s 16KiB 4.81M/s 12.4M/s 5.07M/s 5M/s 5M/s 4.82M/s ## Looks like the second and the third block were faster than the others.

14 years

32GB Transcend SDHC

by Holger Bast

Hi, I'm new to the topic of flash benchmarking. I came across reading several articles about this topic, like these in the German Linux Magazin, issue 07/12 and Arnd's linked article on lwn. I'm currently playing around with a Raspberry Pi that needs a SD card to boot from. (first partition FAT32 for the kernel, second something like ext3/ext4 for the rootfs). I would like to get the 'best' perfomance out of it, so I also had a look at the flashbench tool. I made some tests with my 32GB Transcend SDHC card and found out, that the card has a 8MB erase block size and 8KB pages and can handle up to 5 open-au's. (results are listed below) So what next? The next step for me is to find out, how to align the partitions correctly. I already talked to Andrew (thx! I was wrong with the erase block size.) who send me the following link that points to a script that creates two partitions and aligns them correctly. Is there anything else I can do? ...or am I wrong? Bye, Holger -- $ fdisk -l /dev/sdc Disk /dev/sdc: 32.5 GB, 32462864384 bytes 64 Köpfe, 32 Sektoren/Spur, 30959 Zylinder, zusammen 63404032 Sektoren Einheiten = Sektoren von 1 × 512 = 512 Bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000c0bcb $ ./flashbench -a /dev/sdc --blocksize=1024 align 8589934592 pre 1.04ms on 1.59ms post 1.32ms diff 402µs align 4294967296 pre 1.04ms on 1.67ms post 1.33ms diff 485µs align 2147483648 pre 1.03ms on 1.64ms post 1.31ms diff 468µs align 1073741824 pre 1.02ms on 1.48ms post 1.33ms diff 309µs align 536870912 pre 1.02ms on 1.5ms post 1.35ms diff 320µs align 268435456 pre 1.02ms on 1.49ms post 1.28ms diff 338µs align 134217728 pre 1.02ms on 1.49ms post 1.34ms diff 314µs align 67108864 pre 1.04ms on 1.48ms post 1.27ms diff 332µs align 33554432 pre 1.01ms on 1.5ms post 1.32ms diff 330µs align 16777216 pre 1.04ms on 1.5ms post 1.28ms diff 347µs align 8388608 pre 995µs on 1.51ms post 1.31ms diff 354µs align 4194304 pre 1.02ms on 1.35ms post 1.3ms diff 189µs align 2097152 pre 1.05ms on 1.39ms post 1.31ms diff 209µs align 1048576 pre 1.04ms on 1.37ms post 1.29ms diff 203µs align 524288 pre 1.02ms on 1.36ms post 1.32ms diff 192µs align 262144 pre 1.01ms on 1.33ms post 1.31ms diff 176µs align 131072 pre 1.03ms on 1.35ms post 1.31ms diff 182µs align 65536 pre 1.01ms on 1.33ms post 1.26ms diff 195µs align 32768 pre 1.04ms on 1.37ms post 1.29ms diff 203µs align 16384 pre 1.04ms on 1.36ms post 1.28ms diff 204µs align 8192 pre 1.02ms on 1.3ms post 1.27ms diff 154µs align 4096 pre 1.17ms on 1.16ms post 1.11ms diff 22.6µs align 2048 pre 1.25ms on 1.24ms post 1.2ms diff 20.2µs ## For me it looks like 8MB erase block size and a 8KB page size. With that in mind, I made the following tests: $ ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[8*1024] --open-au-nr=3 --random 8MiB 17M/s 4MiB 17.2M/s 2MiB 16.5M/s 1MiB 15.9M/s 512KiB 15M/s 256KiB 13.1M/s 128KiB 10.7M/s 64KiB 10.9M/s 32KiB 7.84M/s 16KiB 4.87M/s 8KiB 1.79M/s $ ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[8*1024] --open-au-nr=4 --random 8MiB 17.4M/s 4MiB 17.1M/s 2MiB 16.8M/s 1MiB 16M/s 512KiB 15M/s 256KiB 13.4M/s 128KiB 10.8M/s 64KiB 10.9M/s 32KiB 7.89M/s 16KiB 4.87M/s 8KiB 1.79M/s $ ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[8*1024] --open-au-nr=5 --random 8MiB 10.3M/s 4MiB 17.1M/s 2MiB 16.7M/s 1MiB 16.2M/s 512KiB 15M/s 256KiB 13.3M/s 128KiB 10.9M/s 64KiB 11M/s 32KiB 7.95M/s 16KiB 4.48M/s 8KiB 1.8M/s $ ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[8*1024] --open-au-nr=6 --random 8MiB 13.4M/s 4MiB 4.27M/s 2MiB 2.26M/s 1MiB 1.2M/s 512KiB 621K/s ^C ## And this looks like 5 open-au in random mode. $ ./flashbench /dev/sdc -f --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] 8MiB 17.2M/s 17.8M/s 17.1M/s 17.8M/s 17.5M/s 17.5M/s 4MiB 16.9M/s 17.7M/s 17M/s 17.8M/s 17.5M/s 17.5M/s 2MiB 16.8M/s 17.6M/s 17M/s 17.6M/s 17.5M/s 17.4M/s 1MiB 16.7M/s 17.6M/s 17M/s 17.5M/s 17.4M/s 17.5M/s 512KiB 16.6M/s 17.2M/s 17.4M/s 17.1M/s 16.9M/s 16.5M/s 256KiB 16.4M/s 17M/s 17.2M/s 16.9M/s 16.6M/s 16.6M/s 128KiB 16.5M/s 16.2M/s 16.6M/s 16.3M/s 16.1M/s 16.1M/s 64KiB 16.5M/s 17.1M/s 16.4M/s 17.2M/s 17M/s 17M/s 32KiB 15.4M/s 16.3M/s 15.5M/s 16.1M/s 16M/s 16.1M/s 16KiB 13M/s 13.5M/s 13.2M/s 13.5M/s 13.5M/s 13.5M/s

14 years, 1 month

Transcend JetFlash 500 32GB USB Flash Drive

by Jaroslav Martínek

Hello again, I have another device to test: # Product info: http://www.transcend-info.com/Products/CatList.asp?ModNo=274 $ lsusb Bus 001 Device 006: ID 8564:1000 $ fdisk -l /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 32.5 GB, 32451330048 bytes 16 heads, 48 sectors/track, 82528 cylinders, total 63381504 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xc3072e18 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 18160 63381503 31681672 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) # This is with factory partitioning $ sudo flashbench -a /dev/sdb --blocksize=1024 --count=100 align 8589934592 pre 528µs on 603µs post 547µs diff 65.8µs align 4294967296 pre 523µs on 575µs post 522µs diff 52.5µs align 2147483648 pre 550µs on 635µs post 551µs diff 84.2µs align 1073741824 pre 573µs on 640µs post 565µs diff 71.2µs align 536870912 pre 543µs on 608µs post 562µs diff 55.3µs align 268435456 pre 536µs on 574µs post 530µs diff 40.9µs align 134217728 pre 558µs on 607µs post 549µs diff 53.1µs align 67108864 pre 532µs on 577µs post 515µs diff 53.6µs align 33554432 pre 568µs on 629µs post 561µs diff 64.6µs align 16777216 pre 536µs on 598µs post 533µs diff 63.4µs align 8388608 pre 556µs on 619µs post 556µs diff 62.7µs align 4194304 pre 566µs on 620µs post 539µs diff 67.5µs align 2097152 pre 565µs on 604µs post 567µs diff 38µs align 1048576 pre 568µs on 606µs post 567µs diff 38.7µs align 524288 pre 563µs on 602µs post 562µs diff 39.7µs align 262144 pre 567µs on 596µs post 551µs diff 37.5µs align 131072 pre 564µs on 594µs post 553µs diff 35.6µs align 65536 pre 553µs on 594µs post 563µs diff 35.3µs align 32768 pre 555µs on 596µs post 563µs diff 36.6µs align 16384 pre 557µs on 595µs post 566µs diff 33.4µs align 8192 pre 561µs on 572µs post 553µs diff 15.1µs align 4096 pre 556µs on 566µs post 565µs diff 6.04µs align 2048 pre 553µs on 565µs post 568µs diff 4.85µs # Okay, I think this indicates 4MB erase blocks (and 16kB page size), so let's try it with open AUs $ sudo flashbench /dev/sdb --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] -- blocksize=$[4*1024] --open-au-nr=1 --random 4MiB 17.7M/s 2MiB 17.8M/s 1MiB 17.8M/s 512KiB 2.49M/s 256KiB 17.2M/s 128KiB 16M/s 64KiB 13M/s 32KiB 2.19M/s 16KiB 6.37M/s 8KiB 2.54M/s 4KiB 825K/s $ sudo flashbench /dev/sdb --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] -- blocksize=$[4*1024] --open-au-nr=4 --random Password: 4MiB 17.5M/s 2MiB 17.3M/s 1MiB 4.29M/s 512KiB 4.31M/s 256KiB 16.5M/s 128KiB 14.4M/s 64KiB 4M/s 32KiB 3.42M/s 16KiB 5.74M/s 8KiB 1.68M/s 4KiB 785K/s $ sudo flashbench /dev/sdb --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] -- blocksize=$[4*1024] --open-au-nr=6 --random 4MiB 17.5M/s 2MiB 17M/s 1MiB 3.47M/s 512KiB 16.5M/s 256KiB 16.4M/s 128KiB 13M/s 64KiB 3.24M/s 32KiB 8.26M/s 16KiB 5.68M/s 8KiB 1.3M/s 4KiB 786K/s # Seems OK so far, but the speed randomly drops under different sizes between tests, sometimes it's a bit shaky like this: $ sudo flashbench /dev/sdb --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] -- blocksize=$[4*1024] --open-au-nr=6 --random 4MiB 5.8M/s 2MiB 17.3M/s 1MiB 3.47M/s 512KiB 15.9M/s 256KiB 5.52M/s 128KiB 12.8M/s 64KiB 3.24M/s 32KiB 8.19M/s 16KiB 3.43M/s 8KiB 1.52M/s 4KiB 775K/s # Does this indicate something or it's just device's feature? # With more open AUs it's slow, also with bigger erase size $ sudo flashbench /dev/sdb --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] -- blocksize=$[4*1024] --open-au-nr=7 --random 4MiB 2.51M/s 2MiB 1.37M/s 1MiB 711K/s 512KiB 362K/s ^C # Here it's clear... $ sudo flashbench /dev/sdb --open-au --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] -- blocksize=$[4*1024] --open-au-nr=6 --random 8MiB 5.93M/s 4MiB 4.38M/s 2MiB 17.4M/s 1MiB 4.34M/s 512KiB 16M/s 256KiB 4.21M/s 128KiB 13.8M/s 64KiB 3.97M/s 32KiB 8.26M/s 16KiB 2.88M/s # But here I'm not sure, I think it should me much slower if the erase size is 4MB, becouse it would use two erase blocks. So maybe erase size is bigger than 4MB?

14 years, 1 month

Re: [Flashbench] ADATA S101 32GB USB Flash Drive

by Arnd Bergmann

On Monday 03 September 2012, Jaroslav Martínek wrote: > > Okay, so I did some further tests: > > $ sudo flashbench /dev/sdb --open-au --erasesize=$[16*1024*1024] -- > blocksize=$[16*1024] --open-au-nr=1 > Password: > 16MiB 5.2M/s > 8MiB 18M/s > 4MiB 18M/s > 2MiB 17.3M/s > 1MiB 17.4M/s > 512KiB 16.9M/s > 256KiB 15.9M/s > 128KiB 15.1M/s > 64KiB 13.4M/s > 32KiB 9.98M/s > 16KiB 6.46M/s > > $ sudo flashbench /dev/sdb --open-au --erasesize=$[16*1024*1024] -- > blocksize=$[16*1024] --open-au-nr=3 > 16MiB 8.13M/s > 8MiB 17.9M/s > 4MiB 17.3M/s > 2MiB 17.5M/s > 1MiB 17.3M/s > 512KiB 17M/s > 256KiB 15.7M/s > 128KiB 14.7M/s > 64KiB 13.1M/s > 32KiB 9.64M/s > 16KiB 6.13M/s > > # So far good... > > $ sudo flashbench /dev/sdb --open-au --erasesize=$[16*1024*1024] -- > blocksize=$[16*1024] --open-au-nr=4 > 16MiB 8.16M/s > 8MiB 3.76M/s > 4MiB 4.92M/s > 2MiB 5.25M/s > 1MiB 4.8M/s > 512KiB 4.76M/s > 256KiB 4.67M/s > 128KiB 4.59M/s > 64KiB 4.38M/s > 32KiB 3.9M/s > 16KiB 3.17M/s > > # Here it gets much worse, so I would assume, that thist drive can handle 3 > open AUs if the 16 MB erase size is correct? Also note that on the biggest > size (16 MB) it's slow, but only for the first run, why's that? If repeated, > it stays on full speed until I change erase size: What makes one run slow is the garbage collection that happens because of the state the drive is already in. Writing in small units can cause this state. > > # Now with 8 MB: > $ sudo flashbench /dev/sdb --open-au --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] -- > blocksize=$[8*1024] --open-au-nr=3 > 8MiB 4.64M/s > 4MiB 18.2M/s > 2MiB 17.6M/s > 1MiB 17.7M/s > 512KiB 16.8M/s > 256KiB 15.8M/s > 128KiB 15.2M/s > 64KiB 13M/s > 32KiB 9.46M/s > 16KiB 6.14M/s > 8KiB 2.51M/s > > # Seems to be similar to 16 MB Well, the question is whether using an 8MB size is also fast with more than 3 erase blocks. If it can have 6*8MB, that would imply only 3*16MB in the first run. It may be easier to spot the difference between the two when you pass '--random', but some drives don't like that at all. > $ sudo flashbench /dev/sdb --open-au --erasesize=$[12*1024*1024] -- > blocksize=$[6*1024] --open-au-nr=3 > 12MiB 2.88M/s > 6MiB 3.79M/s > 3MiB 4.65M/s > 1.5MiB 6.28M/s > 768KiB 6.22M/s > 384KiB 6.16M/s > 192KiB 6.11M/s > 96KiB 5.96M/s > 48KiB 5.32M/s > 24KiB 3.73M/s > 12KiB 1.95M/s > 6KiB 1.05M/s > > # 12 MB definetely ruled out right. > So, it seems to have 16 MB erase blocks? But then, I'm not able to count any > reasonable block size from these numbers: > > $ sudo fdisk -l /dev/sdb > Disk /dev/sdb: 31,2 GB, 31 161 974 784 bytes > > $ factor 31161974784 > 31161974784: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 19 43 97 > > $ echo $[31161974784 / 1024 / 97 / 43] > 7296 > > # 7,125 MB? Weird number... > > $ echo $[31161974784 / 1024 / 97 / 43 / 19] > 384 > > $ echo $[31161974784 / 1024 / 97 / 43 / 19 / 3] > 128 > > # Finally some "round" number, but too small for a 32 GB drive > > So, I thought I could be able to count block size from whole drive size, like > there has to be some number of blocks with same size, which together gives the > full disk size. Or am I still missing something? > I did those tests on another smaller flash drive and the results was pretty > obvious with regard of what i figured out from this list and readme. But this > 32 GB drive is still a bit cryptic to me. Yes, some drives are like this > By the way, are you interested of the results from the other USB drives and SD > cards I have around here? Yes, if you have them, then please send them to the mailing list. Arnd

14 years, 1 month

ADATA S101 32GB USB Flash Drive

by Jaroslav Martínek

Hi, I'm trying to figure out parameters of my USB drive with Flashbench, but I'm a bit confused with the results. # Product info: http://www.adata-group.com/index.php?action=product_feature&cid=1&piid=115 $ sudo fdisk -l /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 31.2 GB, 31161974784 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3788 cylinders, total 60863232 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0007e2e8 $ sudo flashbench -a /dev/sdb --blocksize=1024 align 8589934592 pre 655µs on 744µs post 644µs diff 95.1µs align 4294967296 pre 654µs on 774µs post 657µs diff 118µs align 2147483648 pre 643µs on 804µs post 633µs diff 166µs align 1073741824 pre 538µs on 562µs post 528µs diff 28.2µs align 536870912 pre 582µs on 594µs post 562µs diff 21.7µs align 268435456 pre 576µs on 619µs post 565µs diff 48.3µs align 134217728 pre 579µs on 637µs post 561µs diff 66.5µs align 67108864 pre 563µs on 617µs post 567µs diff 51.8µs align 33554432 pre 537µs on 578µs post 522µs diff 48.2µs align 16777216 pre 552µs on 563µs post 512µs diff 30.5µs align 8388608 pre 647µs on 758µs post 646µs diff 111µs align 4194304 pre 631µs on 726µs post 616µs diff 102µs align 2097152 pre 629µs on 744µs post 630µs diff 115µs align 1048576 pre 633µs on 747µs post 623µs diff 119µs align 524288 pre 641µs on 751µs post 617µs diff 122µs align 262144 pre 636µs on 742µs post 623µs diff 112µs align 131072 pre 618µs on 752µs post 643µs diff 121µs align 65536 pre 604µs on 759µs post 634µs diff 140µs align 32768 pre 631µs on 741µs post 616µs diff 117µs align 16384 pre 644µs on 744µs post 624µs diff 111µs align 8192 pre 636µs on 679µs post 617µs diff 52µs align 4096 pre 614µs on 641µs post 628µs diff 20.3µs align 2048 pre 606µs on 629µs post 629µs diff 11.4µs # Well, from what I've read so far the page size could be 8kB, but what about the erase block? This drive seems to behave quite differently than the example in readme or other cards in this list. Any ideas? Thanks, Jaroslav Martinek

14 years, 2 months

Samsung Plus 8GB SDHC class 10 MB-SP8GA

by Andrew Bradford

## Looks very similar to the microSD version I tested [1] recently and the one Arnd mentioned in reply [2] to that. This is the full size SD version. [1]:http://lists.linaro.org/pipermail/flashbench-results/2012-August/000322.… [2]:http://lists.linaro.org/pipermail/flashbench-results/2011-September/0002… andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ sudo fdisk -l /dev/mmcblk0 | grep Disk Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 8068 MB, 8068792320 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ factor $[8068792320/1024] 7879680: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 5 19 andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ head /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/* 2>/dev/null | grep -v ^$ ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/block <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/cid <== 1b534d30303030301013911ff700bc00 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/csd <== 400e00325b5900003c1d7f800a400000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/date <== 12/2011 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/driver <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/erase_size <== 512 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/fwrev <== 0x0 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/hwrev <== 0x1 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/manfid <== 0x00001b ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/name <== 00000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/oemid <== 0x534d ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/power <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/preferred_erase_size <== 4194304 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/scr <== 0235800000000000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/serial <== 0x13911ff7 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/subsystem <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/type <== SD ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/uevent <== DRIVER=mmcblk MMC_TYPE=SD MMC_NAME=00000 MODALIAS=mmc:block andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 -a --blocksize=1024 --count=100 align 2147483648 pre 919µs on 1.24ms post 1.08ms diff 243µs align 1073741824 pre 931µs on 1.27ms post 1.11ms diff 251µs align 536870912 pre 855µs on 1.12ms post 1.1ms diff 142µs align 268435456 pre 843µs on 1.12ms post 1.08ms diff 159µs align 134217728 pre 855µs on 1.14ms post 1.07ms diff 177µs align 67108864 pre 847µs on 1.14ms post 1.08ms diff 175µs align 33554432 pre 858µs on 1.14ms post 1.1ms diff 158µs align 16777216 pre 859µs on 1.14ms post 1.1ms diff 158µs align 8388608 pre 853µs on 1.16ms post 1.05ms diff 207µs align 4194304 pre 835µs on 1.13ms post 1.07ms diff 173µs align 2097152 pre 805µs on 1.06ms post 1.07ms diff 120µs align 1048576 pre 815µs on 1.07ms post 1.05ms diff 133µs align 524288 pre 792µs on 1.06ms post 1.06ms diff 130µs align 262144 pre 822µs on 1.06ms post 1.06ms diff 122µs align 131072 pre 820µs on 1.08ms post 1.07ms diff 132µs align 65536 pre 806µs on 1.04ms post 1.06ms diff 109µs align 32768 pre 804µs on 1.05ms post 1.06ms diff 122µs align 16384 pre 824µs on 1.05ms post 1.04ms diff 118µs align 8192 pre 812µs on 1.05ms post 1.07ms diff 111µs align 4096 pre 969µs on 940µs post 920µs diff -4540ns align 2048 pre 1.03ms on 1.01ms post 969µs diff 8.94µs ## No clear erase block size there. Possibly 4MiB. andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 -f 4MiB 9.65M/s 8.8M/s 9.62M/s 9.63M/s 9.65M/s 9.65M/s 2MiB 9.66M/s 8.77M/s 9.66M/s 9.64M/s 9.64M/s 9.6M/s 1MiB 9.63M/s 8.69M/s 9.61M/s 9.62M/s 9.61M/s 9.63M/s 512KiB 9.61M/s 8.74M/s 9.59M/s 9.58M/s 9.66M/s 9.61M/s 256KiB 9.58M/s 8.73M/s 9.57M/s 9.62M/s 9.56M/s 9.56M/s 128KiB 9.52M/s 8.68M/s 9.55M/s 9.57M/s 9.5M/s 9.53M/s 64KiB 9.39M/s 8.49M/s 9.44M/s 9.39M/s 9.48M/s 9.43M/s 32KiB 6.6M/s 5.71M/s 6.63M/s 6.62M/s 6.57M/s 6.68M/s 16KiB 4.67M/s 3.79M/s 4.67M/s 4.67M/s 4.69M/s 4.7M/s ## 2nd erase block is a _little_ bit slower, consistently. andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --blocksize=$[16*1024] --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --open-au-nr=1 4MiB 9.63M/s 2MiB 8.85M/s 1MiB 8.74M/s 512KiB 8.76M/s 256KiB 8.74M/s 128KiB 8.69M/s 64KiB 8.49M/s 32KiB 5.69M/s 16KiB 3.8M/s andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --blocksize=$[16*1024] --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --open-au-nr=2 4MiB 9.19M/s 2MiB 9.14M/s 1MiB 9.2M/s 512KiB 9.18M/s 256KiB 9.08M/s 128KiB 9.13M/s 64KiB 9.09M/s 32KiB 6.1M/s 16KiB 4.19M/s andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --blocksize=$[16*1024] --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --open-au-nr=7 4MiB 9.52M/s 2MiB 6.84M/s 1MiB 9.49M/s 512KiB 9.48M/s 256KiB 9.44M/s 128KiB 9.37M/s 64KiB 9.29M/s 32KiB 6.33M/s 16KiB 4.41M/s andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --blocksize=$[16*1024] --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --open-au-nr=8 4MiB 9.53M/s 2MiB 5.45M/s 1MiB 2.06M/s 512KiB 1.11M/s ^C ## 7 linear open-au. andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --blocksize=$[16*1024] --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --open-au-nr=7 --random 4MiB 4.51M/s 2MiB 8.23M/s 1MiB 8.18M/s 512KiB 4.49M/s 256KiB 8.18M/s 128KiB 4.45M/s 64KiB 7.89M/s 32KiB 3.57M/s 16KiB 3.7M/s andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --blocksize=$[16*1024] --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --open-au-nr=8 --random 4MiB 4.57M/s 2MiB 4.06M/s 1MiB 2.15M/s 512KiB 1.12M/s 256KiB 586K/s ^C ## 7 random open-au. -Andrew

14 years, 2 months

SanDisk Extreme 4GB SDHC class 10 UHS-I SDSDX-004G-X46

by Andrew Bradford

Looks just like the SanDisk mobile Ultra 4GB microSDHC class 6 card I tested before [1]. [1]:http://lists.linaro.org/pipermail/flashbench-results/2012-February/00025… andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ sudo fdisk -l /dev/mmcblk0 | grep Disk Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 3965 MB, 3965190144 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ factor $[3965190144/1024] 3872256: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2521 andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench -a /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize=$[3*1024] align 805306368 pre 752µs on 780µs post 749µs diff 28.7µs align 402653184 pre 748µs on 779µs post 748µs diff 30.8µs align 201326592 pre 748µs on 777µs post 745µs diff 30.2µs align 100663296 pre 747µs on 805µs post 743µs diff 59.9µs align 50331648 pre 747µs on 805µs post 745µs diff 59.3µs align 25165824 pre 745µs on 747µs post 743µs diff 2.51µs align 12582912 pre 744µs on 774µs post 742µs diff 31.4µs align 6291456 pre 727µs on 773µs post 734µs diff 42.3µs align 3145728 pre 726µs on 726µs post 726µs diff 106ns align 1572864 pre 726µs on 754µs post 725µs diff 29.3µs align 786432 pre 726µs on 726µs post 726µs diff 523ns align 393216 pre 728µs on 728µs post 726µs diff 836ns align 196608 pre 725µs on 726µs post 726µs diff 662ns align 98304 pre 727µs on 727µs post 726µs diff -112ns align 49152 pre 725µs on 725µs post 726µs diff -553ns align 24576 pre 726µs on 726µs post 726µs diff -319ns align 12288 pre 726µs on 726µs post 726µs diff 207ns align 6144 pre 724µs on 723µs post 728µs diff -3419ns andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench -a /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize=$[3*1024] --count=100 align 805306368 pre 746µs on 775µs post 744µs diff 30.2µs align 402653184 pre 747µs on 777µs post 745µs diff 30.7µs align 201326592 pre 746µs on 775µs post 743µs diff 30.2µs align 100663296 pre 746µs on 804µs post 743µs diff 59.9µs align 50331648 pre 746µs on 804µs post 743µs diff 59.7µs align 25165824 pre 744µs on 744µs post 742µs diff 920ns align 12582912 pre 743µs on 773µs post 740µs diff 31.1µs align 6291456 pre 726µs on 771µs post 732µs diff 42.6µs align 3145728 pre 725µs on 724µs post 725µs diff -843ns align 1572864 pre 726µs on 754µs post 723µs diff 29.6µs align 786432 pre 725µs on 725µs post 725µs diff 573ns align 393216 pre 725µs on 724µs post 724µs diff -111ns align 196608 pre 724µs on 724µs post 724µs diff 28ns align 98304 pre 724µs on 725µs post 724µs diff 410ns align 49152 pre 724µs on 724µs post 724µs diff 151ns align 24576 pre 724µs on 725µs post 725µs diff 253ns align 12288 pre 724µs on 725µs post 725µs diff 492ns align 6144 pre 721µs on 721µs post 722µs diff -146ns ## Confusion about erase block size. Either 1.5, 2, or 6 MiB. andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --blocksize=$[24*1024] --erasesize=$[6*1024*1024] --offset=$[24*1024*1024] --open-au-nr=1 6MiB 10.5M/s 3MiB 10.4M/s 1.5MiB 8.95M/s 768KiB 8.89M/s 384KiB 10.4M/s 192KiB 10.2M/s 96KiB 9.8M/s 48KiB 9.68M/s 24KiB 7.28M/s andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --blocksize=$[24*1024] --erasesize=$[6*1024*1024] --offset=$[24*1024*1024] --open-au-nr=2 6MiB 10.4M/s 3MiB 10.4M/s 1.5MiB 10.4M/s 768KiB 10.4M/s 384KiB 10.1M/s 192KiB 10.2M/s 96KiB 9.61M/s 48KiB 9.23M/s 24KiB 6.35M/s andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --blocksize=$[24*1024] --erasesize=$[6*1024*1024] --offset=$[24*1024*1024] --open-au-nr=9 6MiB 10.4M/s 3MiB 10.4M/s 1.5MiB 10.4M/s 768KiB 10.4M/s 384KiB 10.3M/s 192KiB 10.2M/s 96KiB 9.55M/s 48KiB 9.12M/s 24KiB 6.31M/s andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --blocksize=$[24*1024] --erasesize=$[6*1024*1024] --offset=$[24*1024*1024] --open-au-nr=10 6MiB 10.4M/s 3MiB 9.36M/s 1.5MiB 6.94M/s 768KiB 5.06M/s 384KiB 3.12M/s ## 9 linear open-au. andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --blocksize=$[24*1024] --erasesize=$[6*1024*1024] --offset=$[24*1024*1024] --random --open-au-nr=1 6MiB 10.4M/s 3MiB 9.75M/s 1.5MiB 7.51M/s 768KiB 4.83M/s 384KiB 4.04M/s 192KiB 2.5M/s 96KiB 1.51M/s 48KiB 1.32M/s 24KiB 2.94M/s ## Poor random. andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --blocksize=$[64*1024] --erasesize=$[2*1024*1024] --offset=$[23*1024*1024] --open-au-nr=7 2MiB 7.14M/s 1MiB 7.39M/s 512KiB 7.04M/s 256KiB 6.99M/s 128KiB 6.93M/s 64KiB 6.72M/s andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --blocksize=$[64*1024] --erasesize=$[2*1024*1024] --offset=$[24*1024*1024] --open-au-nr=7 2MiB 10.4M/s 1MiB 10.2M/s 512KiB 10.3M/s 256KiB 10.2M/s 128KiB 10M/s 64KiB 9.75M/s andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --blocksize=$[64*1024] --erasesize=$[2*1024*1024] --offset=$[25*1024*1024] --open-au-nr=7 2MiB 8.39M/s 1MiB 7.6M/s 512KiB 7.04M/s 256KiB 7M/s 128KiB 6.92M/s 64KiB 6.72M/s ## 24MiB is erase block bound. andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --blocksize=$[48*1024] --erasesize=$[1*1024*1024+512*1024] --offset=$[24*1024*1024+512*1024] --open-au-nr=7 1.5MiB 10.4M/s 768KiB 10.3M/s 384KiB 10.1M/s 192KiB 10.2M/s 96KiB 9.59M/s 48KiB 9.27M/s andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --blocksize=$[48*1024] --erasesize=$[1*1024*1024+512*1024] --offset=$[24*1024*1024-512*1024] --open-au-nr=7 1.5MiB 7.19M/s 768KiB 5.1M/s 384KiB 5.63M/s 192KiB 5.78M/s 96KiB 5.57M/s 48KiB 5.5M/s andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --blocksize=$[48*1024] --erasesize=$[1*1024*1024+512*1024] --offset=$[25*1024*1024] --open-au-nr=7 1.5MiB 7.74M/s 768KiB 5.65M/s 384KiB 4.6M/s 192KiB 4.29M/s 96KiB 4.16M/s 48KiB 5.39M/s ## Looks more like 2 MiB erase block. andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 -f --erasesize=$[512*1024] --blocksize=$[32*1024] --fat-nr=30 512KiB 10.3M/s 10.5M/s 10.5M/s 10.5M/s 10.5M/s 10.6M/s 10.5M/s 10.5M/s 10.6M/s 10.5M/s 10.5M/s 10.5M/s 10.3M/s 10.5M/s 9.84M/s 8.48M/s 10.3M/s 10.5M/s 10.5M/s 10.5M/s 10.5M/s 10.5M/s 10.5M/s 10.6M/s 10.5M/s 10.6M/s 10.5M/s 10.6M/s 10.5M/s 10.4M/s 256KiB 7.71M/s 10.4M/s 10.4M/s 10.5M/s 10.5M/s 10.5M/s 10.5M/s 10.5M/s 10.4M/s 10.5M/s 10.5M/s 10.4M/s 5.22M/s 10.5M/s 9.8M/s 9.65M/s 10.2M/s 10.6M/s 10.5M/s 10.5M/s 10.4M/s 10.5M/s 10.5M/s 10.5M/s 10.5M/s 10.5M/s 10.5M/s 10.5M/s 10.6M/s 10.4M/s 128KiB 8.77M/s 10.3M/s 10.3M/s 10.3M/s 10.3M/s 10.4M/s 10.5M/s 10.5M/s 10.4M/s 10.5M/s 10.4M/s 10.4M/s 10.3M/s 10.3M/s 4.77M/s 9.67M/s 10.1M/s 10.4M/s 10.5M/s 10.5M/s 10.5M/s 10.5M/s 10.4M/s 10.4M/s 10.4M/s 10.4M/s 10.3M/s 10.3M/s 10.4M/s 10.4M/s 64KiB 10.1M/s 10.2M/s 10.4M/s 10.3M/s 10.4M/s 10.3M/s 10.3M/s 10.3M/s 10.3M/s 10.3M/s 10.3M/s 10.4M/s 10.1M/s 10.3M/s 4.64M/s 9.47M/s 9.98M/s 10.2M/s 10.2M/s 10.2M/s 10.3M/s 10.4M/s 10.4M/s 10.5M/s 10.3M/s 10.4M/s 10.5M/s 10.3M/s 10.4M/s 10.4M/s 32KiB 8.8M/s 9.16M/s 9.14M/s 9.25M/s 8.89M/s 9.1M/s 9.1M/s 9.17M/s 9.1M/s 9.2M/s 9.28M/s 9.27M/s 8.93M/s 9.06M/s 4.3M/s 7.92M/s 8.89M/s 9.27M/s 9.26M/s 9.35M/s 9.07M/s 9.35M/s 9.27M/s 9.18M/s 9.12M/s 9.29M/s 9.34M/s 9.28M/s 9.13M/s 9.14M/s ## 15th 512kiB erase block is slow. Interesting... -Andrew

14 years, 2 months

SanDisk Extreme 8GB SDHC UHS-I class 10 SDSDX-008G-X46

by Andrew Bradford

## Somewhat underwhelming for a SanDisk card. andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ head /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/* 2>/dev/null | grep -v ^$ ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/block <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/cid <== 035344534430384780a11ce23a00c400 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/csd <== 400e00325b5900003b377f800a404000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/date <== 04/2012 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/driver <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/erase_size <== 512 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/fwrev <== 0x0 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/hwrev <== 0x8 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/manfid <== 0x000003 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/name <== SD08G ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/oemid <== 0x5344 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/power <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/preferred_erase_size <== 4194304 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/scr <== 0235800100000000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/serial <== 0xa11ce23a ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/subsystem <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/type <== SD ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/uevent <== DRIVER=mmcblk MMC_TYPE=SD MMC_NAME=SD08G MODALIAS=mmc:block andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench -a /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize=1024 align 2147483648 pre 780µs on 885µs post 729µs diff 131µs align 1073741824 pre 788µs on 880µs post 729µs diff 122µs align 536870912 pre 793µs on 948µs post 728µs diff 188µs align 268435456 pre 785µs on 883µs post 726µs diff 127µs align 134217728 pre 787µs on 877µs post 728µs diff 120µs align 67108864 pre 774µs on 879µs post 727µs diff 129µs align 33554432 pre 788µs on 942µs post 725µs diff 185µs align 16777216 pre 787µs on 874µs post 724µs diff 118µs align 8388608 pre 924µs on 1.06ms post 723µs diff 238µs align 4194304 pre 1.02ms on 1.23ms post 1.01ms diff 215µs align 2097152 pre 821µs on 839µs post 814µs diff 21.4µs align 1048576 pre 820µs on 840µs post 813µs diff 23.7µs align 524288 pre 820µs on 842µs post 819µs diff 22.5µs align 262144 pre 818µs on 838µs post 813µs diff 22.5µs align 131072 pre 825µs on 839µs post 818µs diff 17.6µs align 65536 pre 823µs on 841µs post 817µs diff 20.6µs align 32768 pre 817µs on 834µs post 811µs diff 20.1µs align 16384 pre 819µs on 835µs post 812µs diff 19.7µs align 8192 pre 810µs on 810µs post 808µs diff 800ns align 4096 pre 814µs on 814µs post 819µs diff -2600ns align 2048 pre 813µs on 807µs post 809µs diff -3652ns ## 4MiB erase block ## 16KiB pages andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench -a /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize=$[3*1024] align 1610612736 pre 912µs on 987µs post 898µs diff 82.2µs align 805306368 pre 909µs on 986µs post 894µs diff 84.7µs align 402653184 pre 906µs on 1.04ms post 893µs diff 139µs align 201326592 pre 906µs on 986µs post 895µs diff 85.2µs align 100663296 pre 908µs on 984µs post 895µs diff 82.5µs align 50331648 pre 905µs on 982µs post 895µs diff 82.1µs align 25165824 pre 904µs on 1.03ms post 889µs diff 137µs align 12582912 pre 872µs on 977µs post 895µs diff 93.5µs align 6291456 pre 1.07ms on 1.09ms post 1.07ms diff 17.7µs align 3145728 pre 978µs on 1ms post 981µs diff 22µs align 1572864 pre 980µs on 1.01ms post 989µs diff 27.2µs align 786432 pre 979µs on 1ms post 981µs diff 20.7µs align 393216 pre 978µs on 998µs post 982µs diff 18.3µs align 196608 pre 975µs on 1e+03µ post 986µs diff 19.1µs align 98304 pre 981µs on 997µs post 982µs diff 15.7µs align 49152 pre 974µs on 991µs post 978µs diff 15.6µs align 24576 pre 983µs on 982µs post 977µs diff 2.16µs align 12288 pre 976µs on 978µs post 979µs diff 92ns align 6144 pre 972µs on 985µs post 976µs diff 10.5µs ## 12 MiB might be significant, but probably not andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ sudo fdisk -l /dev/mmcblk0 | grep Disk Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 7948 MB, 7948206080 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ factor $[7948206080/1024] 7761920: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 379 ## So 12 MiB most likely isn't significant, no factor of 3 andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 -f --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] 4MiB 7.94M/s 3.35M/s 7.97M/s 8.02M/s 8.02M/s 8.03M/s 2MiB 8.03M/s 3.49M/s 7.91M/s 8.03M/s 8.01M/s 8.03M/s 1MiB 8.02M/s 3.48M/s 7.92M/s 8.02M/s 8.02M/s 8.03M/s 512KiB 8.01M/s 3.21M/s 7.97M/s 8.03M/s 8M/s 8.04M/s 256KiB 8M/s 3.32M/s 7.96M/s 7.98M/s 7.99M/s 8.02M/s 128KiB 7.98M/s 3.25M/s 7.86M/s 7.95M/s 7.94M/s 7.96M/s 64KiB 7.88M/s 3.44M/s 7.81M/s 7.88M/s 7.9M/s 7.91M/s 32KiB 7.15M/s 2.98M/s 7.18M/s 7.2M/s 7.16M/s 7.18M/s 16KiB 6.14M/s 2.3M/s 6.15M/s 6.2M/s 6.07M/s 6.1M/s ## Special fat area in 2nd erase block (4MiB to 8MiB) andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --blocksize=$[16*1024] --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --open-au-nr=1 4MiB 8.03M/s 2MiB 8.05M/s 1MiB 4.27M/s 512KiB 2.49M/s 256KiB 7.35M/s 128KiB 7.85M/s 64KiB 7.87M/s 32KiB 7.1M/s 16KiB 6.21M/s ## The drop in speed at 1MiB and 512kiB is consistent, across runs. But only with 1 open-au. andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --blocksize=$[16*1024] --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --open-au-nr=2 4MiB 8M/s 2MiB 7.98M/s 1MiB 7.99M/s 512KiB 7.98M/s 256KiB 7.97M/s 128KiB 7.92M/s 64KiB 7.84M/s 32KiB 7.03M/s 16KiB 5.99M/s andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --blocksize=$[16*1024] --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --open-au-nr=6 4MiB 8.04M/s 2MiB 8.01M/s 1MiB 8M/s 512KiB 7.99M/s 256KiB 7.98M/s 128KiB 7.93M/s 64KiB 7.82M/s 32KiB 7.07M/s 16KiB 6.08M/s andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --blocksize=$[16*1024] --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --open-au-nr=7 4MiB 8.02M/s 2MiB 5.22M/s 1MiB 2.39M/s 512KiB 1.18M/s 256KiB 597K/s 128KiB 4.54M/s 64KiB 7.8M/s 32KiB 7.06M/s 16KiB 5.94M/s ## 6 linear open-au. andrew@brick:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --blocksize=$[16*1024] --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --random --open-au-nr=1 4MiB 8.05M/s 2MiB 3.78M/s 1MiB 2.25M/s 512KiB 1.07M/s 256KiB 539K/s 128KiB 428K/s 64KiB 402K/s ^C ## Rather poor random. -Andrew

14 years, 2 months

Samsung 8GB microSDHC Plus class 10 MB-MP8GA

by Andrew Bradford

## Might be my new favorite microSD card. andrew@bradford:~$ head /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/* 2>/dev/null | grep -v ^$ ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/block <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/cid <== 1b534d303030303010216696ca00c100 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/csd <== 400e00325b5900003c1d7f800a400000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/date <== 01/2012 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/driver <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/erase_size <== 512 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/fwrev <== 0x0 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/hwrev <== 0x1 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/manfid <== 0x00001b ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/name <== 00000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/oemid <== 0x534d ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/power <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/preferred_erase_size <== 4194304 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/scr <== 0235800000000000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/serial <== 0x216696ca ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/subsystem <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/type <== SD ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/uevent <== DRIVER=mmcblk MMC_TYPE=SD MMC_NAME=00000 MODALIAS=mmc:block andrew@bradford:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench -a /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize=1024 align 2147483648 pre 849µs on 1.13ms post 1.02ms diff 197µs align 1073741824 pre 877µs on 1.17ms post 1.04ms diff 216µs align 536870912 pre 799µs on 1.07ms post 1.03ms diff 155µs align 268435456 pre 773µs on 1.07ms post 1ms diff 184µs align 134217728 pre 782µs on 1.08ms post 1.03ms diff 172µs align 67108864 pre 800µs on 1.06ms post 1.02ms diff 148µs align 33554432 pre 778µs on 1.06ms post 1.02ms diff 158µs align 16777216 pre 745µs on 1.05ms post 1.01ms diff 171µs align 8388608 pre 775µs on 1.05ms post 1.01ms diff 154µs align 4194304 pre 786µs on 1.08ms post 1.02ms diff 177µs align 2097152 pre 761µs on 1.01ms post 1.02ms diff 116µs align 1048576 pre 771µs on 1.01ms post 1.01ms diff 114µs align 524288 pre 755µs on 983µs post 984µs diff 114µs align 262144 pre 754µs on 1.01ms post 1.02ms diff 126µs align 131072 pre 767µs on 1.02ms post 1.02ms diff 127µs align 65536 pre 762µs on 1ms post 1.02ms diff 113µs align 32768 pre 756µs on 1.01ms post 1.02ms diff 126µs align 16384 pre 759µs on 1.02ms post 1ms diff 144µs align 8192 pre 780µs on 1.03ms post 1.01ms diff 135µs align 4096 pre 885µs on 896µs post 878µs diff 14.5µs align 2048 pre 977µs on 970µs post 930µs diff 16.9µs ## 4MiB erase block. ## 8KiB page. andrew@bradford:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --blocksize=$[16*1024] --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --open-au-nr=1 4MiB 9.62M/s 2MiB 9.69M/s 1MiB 9.69M/s 512KiB 9.68M/s 256KiB 9.63M/s 128KiB 9.57M/s 64KiB 9.44M/s 32KiB 6.72M/s 16KiB 4.8M/s andrew@bradford:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --blocksize=$[16*1024] --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --open-au-nr=2 4MiB 9.69M/s 2MiB 9.68M/s 1MiB 9.68M/s 512KiB 9.66M/s 256KiB 9.62M/s 128KiB 9.58M/s 64KiB 9.45M/s 32KiB 6.6M/s 16KiB 4.66M/s andrew@bradford:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --blocksize=$[16*1024] --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --open-au-nr=7 4MiB 8.07M/s 2MiB 8.04M/s 1MiB 9.05M/s 512KiB 9M/s 256KiB 8.96M/s 128KiB 8.86M/s 64KiB 8.68M/s 32KiB 5.86M/s 16KiB 3.92M/s andrew@bradford:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --blocksize=$[16*1024] --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --open-au-nr=8 4MiB 9.75M/s 2MiB 5.03M/s 1MiB 2.1M/s 512KiB 1.13M/s ^C ## 7 open-au linear andrew@bradford:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --blocksize=$[256*1024] --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --open-au-nr=5 --offset=$[40*1024*1024] 4MiB 8.88M/s 2MiB 4.74M/s 1MiB 8.88M/s 512KiB 8.74M/s 256KiB 8.72M/s andrew@bradford:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --blocksize=$[256*1024] --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --open-au-nr=5 --offset=$[44*1024*1024] 4MiB 8.03M/s 2MiB 6.09M/s 1MiB 9.5M/s 512KiB 9.48M/s 256KiB 9.49M/s andrew@bradford:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --blocksize=$[256*1024] --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --open-au-nr=5 --offset=$[41*1024*1024] 4MiB 4.49M/s 2MiB 3.56M/s 1MiB 4.05M/s 512KiB 3.55M/s 256KiB 3.55M/s ## Looks to confirm 4MiB erase block andrew@bradford:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --blocksize=$[16*1024] --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --open-au-nr=1 --random 4MiB 4.98M/s 2MiB 8.84M/s 1MiB 8.94M/s 512KiB 8.83M/s 256KiB 8.8M/s 128KiB 8.67M/s 64KiB 8.66M/s 32KiB 5.83M/s 16KiB 3.92M/s andrew@bradford:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --blocksize=$[16*1024] --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --open-au-nr=2 --random 4MiB 6.36M/s 2MiB 8.88M/s 1MiB 8.83M/s 512KiB 8.79M/s 256KiB 8.7M/s 128KiB 8.63M/s 64KiB 8.4M/s 32KiB 5.63M/s 16KiB 3.72M/s andrew@bradford:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --blocksize=$[16*1024] --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --open-au-nr=7 --random 4MiB 8.28M/s 2MiB 8.08M/s 1MiB 8.81M/s 512KiB 8.76M/s 256KiB 8.72M/s 128KiB 8.6M/s 64KiB 8.39M/s 32KiB 5.62M/s 16KiB 3.72M/s andrew@bradford:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --blocksize=$[16*1024] --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --open-au-nr=8 --random 4MiB 8.13M/s 2MiB 4.23M/s 1MiB 2.19M/s 512KiB 1.15M/s ^C ## 7 random open-au! andrew@bradford:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 -f --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] 4MiB 5.32M/s 9.69M/s 9.69M/s 9.69M/s 8.92M/s 9.68M/s 2MiB 9.69M/s 9.69M/s 9.68M/s 9.69M/s 4.75M/s 9.69M/s 1MiB 9.68M/s 9.69M/s 9.68M/s 9.68M/s 8.79M/s 9.68M/s 512KiB 9.67M/s 9.68M/s 9.67M/s 9.66M/s 8.83M/s 9.65M/s 256KiB 9.65M/s 9.63M/s 9.64M/s 9.67M/s 8.8M/s 9.65M/s 128KiB 9.58M/s 9.59M/s 9.57M/s 9.57M/s 8.62M/s 9.57M/s 64KiB 9.49M/s 9.45M/s 9.53M/s 9.5M/s 8.65M/s 9.47M/s 32KiB 6.73M/s 6.75M/s 6.74M/s 6.76M/s 5.84M/s 6.75M/s 16KiB 4.78M/s 4.78M/s 4.83M/s 4.78M/s 3.86M/s 4.78M/s ## No special fat area. andrew@bradford:~/flashbench$ sudo fdisk -l /dev/mmcblk0 | grep Disk Disk /dev/mmcblk0 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 8068 MB, 8068792320 bytes Disk identifier: 0x5a5a5a5a andrew@bradford:~/flashbench$ factor 8068792320 8068792320: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 5 19 ## Forgot to do that at the beginning. -Andrew

14 years, 3 months

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