Flashbench-results

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174 discussions

Re: [Flashbench] Transcend Ultimate 32GB Class 10 microSDHC TS32GUSDHC10

by Victor

>> Are you referring to the "essential" microSDHC 32GB (MB-MSBGA) that you >> mentioned in some previous post in the mailing list? > > Yes, that's the one. > >> What should be the the erase block size then? 1.5 MiB or some multiple? > > I think it's 8 GB, but it's trying very hard to hide this. I've lost its original partitioning and formatting and I'd be interested in having a raw copy of the first 17 MiB using dd or at least to know the details about the partitioning and formatting (it can be from the MB-MSBGA). Actually I'd like to partition it with a FAT32 and an ext4. Should I care about the C/H/S for partitioning or can I just ignore it? I plan to set the FAT32 partition with a cluster size of 32 KiB. If I understand well the partition should start at the 8 MiB offset and not the 4 MiB one, shoudn't it? And of course I'd set the right amount of reserved sectors so the data would start at the 16 MiB offset to keep it align with the erase block size of 8 MiB, right? I've also tried to see if there is any FAT area but it doesn't look to be the case here: $ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --findfat --erasesize=$[2*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --fat-nr=10 2MiB 8.43M/s 8.92M/s 9.13M/s 8.81M/s 8.87M/s 9.01M/s 8.75M/s 8.97M/s 8.94M/s 8.62M/s 1MiB 8.68M/s 8.97M/s 8.63M/s 9.03M/s 9.01M/s 8.86M/s 8.81M/s 8.88M/s 8.91M/s 8.72M/s 512KiB 8.76M/s 8.93M/s 9.01M/s 8.71M/s 9M/s 8.59M/s 8.93M/s 8.92M/s 8.82M/s 8.58M/s 256KiB 8.8M/s 8.93M/s 9.03M/s 8.72M/s 8.84M/s 9.03M/s 8.63M/s 8.91M/s 8.92M/s 9.01M/s 128KiB 8.67M/s 8.87M/s 8.83M/s 8.77M/s 8.92M/s 8.9M/s 8.75M/s 8.93M/s 9.01M/s 9.03M/s 64KiB 8.68M/s 8.82M/s 8.88M/s 8.71M/s 8.94M/s 8.85M/s 8.74M/s 8.92M/s 8.72M/s 8.76M/s 32KiB 7.11M/s 7.13M/s 7.23M/s 7.22M/s 7.24M/s 7.46M/s 7.11M/s 7.33M/s 7.37M/s 7.42M/s 16KiB 4.58M/s 4.81M/s 4.75M/s 4.76M/s 4.77M/s 4.77M/s 4.7M/s 4.7M/s 4.8M/s 2.1M/s About the ext4, do you have any recommendation? I plan to make it start at an offset multiple of the erase block size. I've found some recommendations here: http://blogofterje.wordpress.com/2012/01/14/optimizing-fs-on-sd-card/ Thus I'm planning to format it that way: mkfs.ext4 -O ^has_journal -E stride=4,stripe-width=512 -b 4096 ### # TS32GUSDHC10 made in China # Beside that I'd like to share the results from another TS32GUSDHC10 that I have for now with a SanDisk controller. It looks comparable to the results for the SDSDU-032G-A11. I've run the tests from the Lenovo laptop. # # Label on front # 1208409555DEW BM MADE IN CHINA A06120 1881 # # Details # $ head /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/* ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/block <== head: error reading `/sys/block/mmcblk0/device/block': Is a directory ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/cid <== 03534453553332478017ba22e200c300 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/csd <== 400e00325b590000edc87f800a404000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/date <== 03/2012 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/driver <== head: error reading `/sys/block/mmcblk0/device/driver': Is a directory ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/erase_size <== 512 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/fwrev <== 0x0 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/hwrev <== 0x8 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/manfid <== 0x000003 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/name <== SU32G ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/oemid <== 0x5344 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/power <== head: error reading `/sys/block/mmcblk0/device/power': Is a directory ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/preferred_erase_size <== 4194304 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/scr <== 0235800100000000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/serial <== 0x17ba22e2 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/subsystem <== head: error reading `/sys/block/mmcblk0/device/subsystem': Is a directory ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/type <== SD ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/uevent <== DRIVER=mmcblk MMC_TYPE=SD MMC_NAME=SU32G MODALIAS=mmc:block ## From the OEM ID we can guess it's a SanDisk: $ printf "\x"53"\x"44"\n" SD # # Size (blocks of 512 bytes) # $ cat /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/block/mmcblk0/size 62333952 # # Partitions # $ sudo fdisk /dev/mmcblk0 Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 31.9 GB, 31914983424 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3880 cylinders, total 62333952 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/mmcblk0p1 8192 62333951 31162880 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) ## Note: It is with its original partitioning and formatting. # # Read benchmark # $ sudo ./flashbench -a /dev/mmcblk0 -b 1024 align 8589934592 pre 841µs on 881µs post 690µs diff 115µs align 4294967296 pre 885µs on 958µs post 693µs diff 169µs align 2147483648 pre 888µs on 950µs post 690µs diff 161µs align 1073741824 pre 789µs on 957µs post 690µs diff 218µs align 536870912 pre 844µs on 947µs post 693µs diff 179µs align 268435456 pre 845µs on 952µs post 692µs diff 183µs align 134217728 pre 809µs on 920µs post 688µs diff 172µs align 67108864 pre 832µs on 945µs post 690µs diff 184µs align 33554432 pre 893µs on 947µs post 689µs diff 156µs align 16777216 pre 820µs on 934µs post 681µs diff 184µs align 8388608 pre 767µs on 890µs post 663µs diff 176µs align 4194304 pre 718µs on 805µs post 652µs diff 120µs ## Erase block size? align 2097152 pre 659µs on 663µs post 663µs diff 2.26µs align 1048576 pre 658µs on 662µs post 664µs diff 809ns align 524288 pre 704µs on 806µs post 663µs diff 122µs align 262144 pre 660µs on 662µs post 660µs diff 2.11µs align 131072 pre 664µs on 660µs post 660µs diff -1346ns align 65536 pre 658µs on 664µs post 664µs diff 3.11µs align 32768 pre 664µs on 669µs post 661µs diff 6.67µs align 16384 pre 660µs on 662µs post 664µs diff 528ns align 8192 pre 665µs on 668µs post 664µs diff 3.6µs align 4096 pre 658µs on 660µs post 656µs diff 3.05µs align 2048 pre 662µs on 663µs post 663µs diff 35ns ## It looks like the erase block size is 4 MiB, which can be confirmed by the ## fact the FAT32 partition starts at the 4 MiB offset. # # FAT area # $ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --findfat --erasesize=$[2*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --fat-nr=7 2MiB 13.6M/s 13.7M/s 5.92M/s 6.03M/s 5.45M/s 7.73M/s 13.7M/s 1MiB 5.83M/s 13.8M/s 5.41M/s 6.9M/s 6.27M/s 6.91M/s 13.7M/s 512KiB 12.3M/s 13.7M/s 6.82M/s 6.22M/s 5.99M/s 6.69M/s 13.7M/s 256KiB 11.5M/s 13.7M/s 5.21M/s 5.9M/s 5.7M/s 7.9M/s 13.7M/s 128KiB 13.1M/s 13.8M/s 5.88M/s 7.65M/s 5.88M/s 6.16M/s 13.6M/s 64KiB 13.5M/s 13.7M/s 7.35M/s 6M/s 7.2M/s 5.34M/s 13M/s 32KiB 11.9M/s 12M/s 6.3M/s 5.48M/s 5.73M/s 5.15M/s 12M/s 16KiB 9.68M/s 9.81M/s 4.71M/s 4.84M/s 4.7M/s 5.06M/s 9.75M/s ## FAT should be between 4 MiB and 12 MiB. ## That matches the details I can read from an hexdump -C against the disk ## about the FAT size and the number of reserved sectors to have the data ## starts at the 12 MiB offset. # # Write benchmark # ## It looks like the card can handle up to 11 concurrent 4 MiB blocks... $ sudo time ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --open-au-nr=1 --offset=$[40*1024*1024] /dev/mmcblk0 4MiB 13.7M/s 2MiB 13.2M/s 1MiB 12M/s 512KiB 12.7M/s 256KiB 12.7M/s 128KiB 13.4M/s 64KiB 13.5M/s 32KiB 11.9M/s 16KiB 9.68M/s real 0m3.568s user 0m0.212s sys 0m0.328s $ sudo time ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --open-au-nr=11 --offset=$[40*1024*1024] /dev/mmcblk0 4MiB 13.2M/s 2MiB 13.6M/s 1MiB 13.5M/s 512KiB 13.4M/s 256KiB 13.2M/s 128KiB 12.8M/s 64KiB 12.2M/s 32KiB 10M/s 16KiB 7.42M/s real 0m35.892s user 0m0.164s sys 0m0.488s $ sudo time ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --open-au-nr=12 --offset=$[40*1024*1024] /dev/mmcblk0 4MiB 9M/s 2MiB 10.5M/s 1MiB 8.45M/s 512KiB 8.46M/s 256KiB 8.25M/s 128KiB 8.11M/s 64KiB 9.39M/s 32KiB 8.06M/s 16KiB 6.52M/s real 0m54.451s user 0m0.240s sys 0m0.568s $ sudo time ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --open-au-nr=1 --offset=$[40*1024*1024] --random /dev/mmcblk0 4MiB 13.7M/s 2MiB 13M/s 1MiB 12.1M/s 512KiB 5.64M/s 256KiB 3.01M/s 128KiB 2.32M/s 64KiB 2.23M/s 32KiB 1.22M/s 16KiB 590K/s real 0m17.887s user 0m0.200s sys 0m0.352s - Victor

14 years, 3 months

Help me make sense of the numbers please

by Gerald Livingston

Patriot LX Series 16GB Class 10 PSF16GSDHC10-PC The 32GB version is already in the table but I can't be sure the boundaries would be the same. I'm trying to follow this tutorial to optimize the ext4 partition on one of these for use in a Raspberry Pi. I also require a small vfat (about 40MB) partition at the beginning for /boot. http://blogofterje.wordpress.com/2012/01/14/optimizing-fs-on-sd-card/ If anyone can make sense of the attached numbers could you tell me what boundary to set the partition on and the stripe/stride numbers to use. Or explain to me how I can get more meaningful numbers with flashbench for inclusion of this card in the table? thanks, Gerald

14 years, 3 months

Write size of sdcard

by preetham

Hi, I was wondering if there is a way to determine the write size and page size using flashbench as per the data in the table in the below link? https://wiki.linaro.org/WorkingGroups/Kernel/Projects/FlashCardSurvey?actio… Thanks, Preetham

14 years, 3 months

SD Card OEM information.

by preetham

Hi, Is there a way where I can grab OEM and other information from /dev/sdc1? It seems like most information can be extracted from /dev/mmc,,./devices*. I was wondering if I could extract the same information from sdc1? Thanks, Preetham

14 years, 3 months

Sandsik micro SDHC "I" 4GB

by Venkatraman S

[root@buildroot mmc1]#head /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/* 2>/dev/null | grep -v ^$ ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/block <==mmcblk1/device/* 2>/dev/null | grep -v ^$ ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/cid <== 035344535530344780114a9d6000b967 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/csd <== 400e00325b5900001d8a7f800a4040b9 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/date <== 09/2011 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/driver <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/erase_size <== 512 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/fwrev <== 0x0 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/hwrev <== 0x8 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/manfid <== 0x000003 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/name <== SU04G ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/oemid <== 0x5344 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/power <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/preferred_erase_size <== 4194304 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/scr <== 0235800100000000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/serial <== 0x114a9d60 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/subsystem <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/type <== SD ==> /sys/block/mmcblk1/device/uevent <== DRIVER=mmcblk MMC_TYPE=SD MMC_NAME=SU04G MODALIAS=mmc:block [root@buildroot mmc1]# ./flashbench -a /dev/mmcblk1 --blocksize=1024 align 1073741824 pre 1.16ms on 1.36ms post 1.07ms diff 248µs align 536870912 pre 1.1ms on 1.33ms post 990µs diff 279µs align 268435456 pre 1.12ms on 1.33ms post 1.02ms diff 259µs align 134217728 pre 1.22ms on 1.46ms post 1.09ms diff 307µs align 67108864 pre 1.21ms on 1.46ms post 1.08ms diff 312µs align 33554432 pre 1.27ms on 1.54ms post 1.11ms diff 351µs align 16777216 pre 1.19ms on 1.47ms post 1.07ms diff 344µs align 8388608 pre 1.13ms on 1.4ms post 1.08ms diff 294µs align 4194304 pre 1.01ms on 1.23ms post 1ms diff 227µs align 2097152 pre 1.02ms on 1.14ms post 1.02ms diff 122µs align 1048576 pre 1.06ms on 1.18ms post 1.06ms diff 120µs align 524288 pre 1.06ms on 1.18ms post 1.06ms diff 124µs align 262144 pre 1.06ms on 1.18ms post 1.06ms diff 118µs align 131072 pre 1.06ms on 1.17ms post 1.06ms diff 116µs align 65536 pre 1.01ms on 1.12ms post 1.01ms diff 116µs align 32768 pre 1.06ms on 1.19ms post 1.09ms diff 120µs align 16384 pre 1.06ms on 1.22ms post 1.06ms diff 159µs align 8192 pre 1.07ms on 1.12ms post 1.07ms diff 52.3µs align 4096 pre 1.07ms on 1.12ms post 1.06ms diff 50.1µs align 2048 pre 1.07ms on 1.12ms post 1.07ms diff 48µs ##4MB Erase block size, 8KB pages [root@buildroot ~]# ./openau.sh ++ ./flashbench -O --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=262144 /dev/mmcblk1 --open-au-nr=1 4MiB 2.5M/s 2MiB 7.27M/s 1MiB 3.94M/s 512KiB 4.37M/s 256KiB 17M/s ++ ./flashbench -O --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=262144 /dev/mmcblk1 --open-au-nr=2 4MiB 6.42M/s 2MiB 20M/s 1MiB 19.2M/s 512KiB 19.1M/s 256KiB 18.2M/s ++ ./flashbench -O --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=262144 /dev/mmcblk1 --open-au-nr=3 4MiB 6.78M/s 2MiB 6.26M/s 1MiB 19.2M/s 512KiB 19.2M/s 256KiB 18.2M/s ++ ./flashbench -O --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=262144 /dev/mmcblk1 --open-au-nr=4 4MiB 11.6M/s 2MiB 4.94M/s 1MiB 9.83M/s 512KiB 7.49M/s 256KiB 7.38M/s ++ ./flashbench -O --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=262144 /dev/mmcblk1 --open-au-nr=5 4MiB 9.32M/s 2MiB 9.03M/s 1MiB 3.71M/s 512KiB 3.68M/s 256KiB 3.51M/s ++ ./flashbench -O --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=262144 /dev/mmcblk1 --open-au-nr=6 4MiB 6.07M/s 2MiB 3.12M/s 1MiB 2.37M/s 512KiB 3.04M/s 256KiB 2.92M/s ++ ./flashbench -O --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=262144 /dev/mmcblk1 --open-au-nr=7 4MiB 4.53M/s 2MiB 2.83M/s 1MiB 1.97M/s 512KiB 2.16M/s 256KiB 3.04M/s ##Difficult to comprehend results here. Try with --random [root@buildroot ~]# ./openau.sh --random ++ ./flashbench -O --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=262144 /dev/mmcblk1 --open-au-nr=1 --random 4MiB 2.62M/s 2MiB 6.15M/s 1MiB 3.75M/s 512KiB 4.3M/s 256KiB 9.04M/s ++ ./flashbench -O --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=262144 /dev/mmcblk1 --open-au-nr=2 --random 4MiB 6.21M/s 2MiB 19.9M/s 1MiB 19.4M/s 512KiB 17.8M/s 256KiB 9.2M/s ++ ./flashbench -O --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=262144 /dev/mmcblk1 --open-au-nr=3 --random 4MiB 8.62M/s 2MiB 19.9M/s 1MiB 19.2M/s 512KiB 17.7M/s 256KiB 9.21M/s ++ ./flashbench -O --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=262144 /dev/mmcblk1 --open-au-nr=4 --random 4MiB 6.87M/s 2MiB 11.2M/s 1MiB 10.2M/s 512KiB 4.9M/s 256KiB 3.94M/s ++ ./flashbench -O --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=262144 /dev/mmcblk1 --open-au-nr=5 --random 4MiB 6.47M/s 2MiB 4.42M/s 1MiB 3.73M/s 512KiB 3.02M/s 256KiB 1.52M/s ++ ./flashbench -O --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=262144 /dev/mmcblk1 --open-au-nr=6 --random 4MiB 5.12M/s 2MiB 3.14M/s 1MiB 2.17M/s 512KiB 1.7M/s 256KiB 1.1M/s ##Much better. open-au = 3 ? [root@buildroot ~]#./flashbench --findfat --fat-nr=6 /dev/mmcblk1 --blocksize=$[8*1024] --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] 4MiB 20.4M/s 6.67M/s 10M/s 5.26M/s 18.1M/s 5.28M/s 2MiB 5.12M/s 6.62M/s 9.83M/s 5.26M/s 18.1M/s 5.23M/s 1MiB 5.06M/s 6.32M/s 9.84M/s 5.23M/s 17.8M/s 5.09M/s 512KiB 5.02M/s 6.31M/s 9.81M/s 5.2M/s 17.4M/s 5.19M/s 256KiB 4.97M/s 6.12M/s 10.1M/s 5.14M/s 17.4M/s 5.14M/s 128KiB 4.87M/s 5.7M/s 10.8M/s 5.03M/s 16.6M/s 5.01M/s 64KiB 4.76M/s 4.93M/s 13.2M/s 4.85M/s 16M/s 4.84M/s 32KiB 4.48M/s 4.52M/s 12.7M/s 4.52M/s 13.8M/s 4.51M/s 16KiB 3.92M/s 3.81M/s 9.46M/s 3.97M/s 9.66M/s 3.94M/s 8KiB 2.97M/s 2.88M/s 5.26M/s 2.96M/s 5.25M/s 2.93M/s ##Once more 4MiB 5.28M/s 16.8M/s 20.6M/s 20.4M/s 5.26M/s 5.1M/s 2MiB 5.09M/s 17M/s 20.7M/s 5.28M/s 5.13M/s 5.1M/s 1MiB 5.1M/s 17.8M/s 19.7M/s 5.22M/s 5.07M/s 5.09M/s 512KiB 5.03M/s 16.5M/s 19.2M/s 5.23M/s 5.09M/s 5.08M/s 256KiB 5M/s 16.3M/s 18.8M/s 5.17M/s 5M/s 5.03M/s 128KiB 4.9M/s 15.5M/s 17.7M/s 4.98M/s 4.91M/s 4.96M/s 64KiB 4.76M/s 14.4M/s 16.2M/s 4.86M/s 4.83M/s 4.86M/s 32KiB 4.51M/s 12.3M/s 13.8M/s 4.54M/s 4.55M/s 4.5M/s 16KiB 3.96M/s 8.69M/s 9.59M/s 3.98M/s 3.98M/s 3.92M/s 8KiB 2.96M/s 4.96M/s 5.24M/s 2.95M/s 2.99M/s 2.96M/s ##FAT table area is just in the 2nd and 3rd Erase block (8MB) ?

14 years, 4 months

flashbench result Transcend TS32GSSD18M-M (32GB MLC SATA/USB)

by Andreas Mohr

Hi, ./flashbench -a /dev/sdb2 --blocksize=1024 align 8589934592 pre 371µs on 736µs post 370µs diff 365µs align 4294967296 pre 371µs on 739µs post 370µs diff 368µs align 2147483648 pre 370µs on 737µs post 371µs diff 366µs align 1073741824 pre 370µs on 740µs post 371µs diff 370µs align 536870912 pre 371µs on 740µs post 369µs diff 370µs align 268435456 pre 371µs on 752µs post 371µs diff 381µs align 134217728 pre 371µs on 739µs post 370µs diff 368µs align 67108864 pre 370µs on 738µs post 369µs diff 368µs align 33554432 pre 389µs on 741µs post 370µs diff 361µs align 16777216 pre 387µs on 737µs post 370µs diff 359µs align 8388608 pre 370µs on 738µs post 370µs diff 368µs align 4194304 pre 371µs on 736µs post 371µs diff 365µs align 2097152 pre 384µs on 736µs post 370µs diff 359µs align 1048576 pre 389µs on 736µs post 371µs diff 356µs align 524288 pre 370µs on 734µs post 370µs diff 364µs align 262144 pre 371µs on 735µs post 370µs diff 364µs align 131072 pre 384µs on 734µs post 369µs diff 358µs align 65536 pre 404µs on 737µs post 371µs diff 349µs align 32768 pre 401µs on 743µs post 369µs diff 358µs align 16384 pre 405µs on 485µs post 370µs diff 97.1µs align 8192 pre 383µs on 439µs post 371µs diff 61.5µs align 4096 pre 372µs on 415µs post 370µs diff 44.2µs align 2048 pre 404µs on 425µs post 371µs diff 37.1µs So, this appears to indicate that the erase block size of Transcend TS32GSSD18M-M is 32kB. Thanks for a very useful tool, Andreas Mohr

14 years, 4 months

SanDisk Ultra SDHC 32GB SDSDU-032G-A11

by Andrew Bradford

xubuntu@xubuntu:~$ head /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/* 2>/dev/null | grep -v ^$ ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/block <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/cid <== 0353445355333247808222e6e500c200 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/csd <== 400e00325b590000edc87f800a404000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/date <== 02/2012 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/driver <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/erase_size <== 512 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/fwrev <== 0x0 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/hwrev <== 0x8 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/manfid <== 0x000003 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/name <== SU32G ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/oemid <== 0x5344 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/power <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/preferred_erase_size <== 4194304 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/scr <== 0235800100000000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/serial <== 0x8222e6e5 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/subsystem <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/type <== SD ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/uevent <== DRIVER=mmcblk MMC_TYPE=SD MMC_NAME=SU32G MODALIAS=mmc:block andrew@bigbox:~$ sudo sfdisk -uS -l /dev/sdc Disk /dev/sdc: 30436 cylinders, 64 heads, 32 sectors/track Warning: The partition table looks like it was made for C/H/S=*/255/63 (instead of 30436/64/32). For this listing I'll assume that geometry. Units = sectors of 512 bytes, counting from 0 Device Boot Start End #sectors Id System /dev/sdc1 8192 62333951 62325760 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) /dev/sdc2 0 - 0 0 Empty /dev/sdc3 0 - 0 0 Empty /dev/sdc4 0 - 0 0 Empty andrew@bigbox:~$ sudo fdisk -l /dev/sdc | grep Disk Disk /dev/sdc: 31.9 GB, 31914983424 bytes andrew@bigbox:~$ factor 31914983424 31914983424: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 103 197 # Maybe another 1.5 MiB or 6 MiB erase block SanDisk card? # If this card has a multiple of 1.5MiB erase blocks, the stock partition map is not aligned according to sfdisk. andrew@bigbox:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench -a /dev/sdc --blocksize=1024 --count=100 align 8589934592 pre 1.07ms on 1.24ms post 1.06ms diff 178µs align 4294967296 pre 1.09ms on 1.31ms post 1.09ms diff 225µs align 2147483648 pre 1.08ms on 1.31ms post 1.1ms diff 223µs align 1073741824 pre 1.08ms on 1.32ms post 1.1ms diff 229µs align 536870912 pre 1.09ms on 1.32ms post 1.1ms diff 226µs align 268435456 pre 1.09ms on 1.31ms post 1.1ms diff 212µs align 134217728 pre 1.08ms on 1.3ms post 1.1ms diff 213µs align 67108864 pre 1.09ms on 1.31ms post 1.1ms diff 218µs align 33554432 pre 1.09ms on 1.31ms post 1.09ms diff 220µs align 16777216 pre 1.06ms on 1.32ms post 1.1ms diff 236µs align 8388608 pre 1.09ms on 1.31ms post 1.1ms diff 216µs align 4194304 pre 1.06ms on 1.21ms post 1.07ms diff 150µs align 2097152 pre 1.06ms on 1.07ms post 1.07ms diff 101ns align 1048576 pre 1.06ms on 1.07ms post 1.06ms diff 8.08µs align 524288 pre 1.06ms on 1.17ms post 1.06ms diff 113µs align 262144 pre 1.05ms on 1.06ms post 1.06ms diff 2.25µs align 131072 pre 1.07ms on 1.06ms post 1.07ms diff -10257n align 65536 pre 1.05ms on 1.07ms post 1.06ms diff 16.6µs align 32768 pre 1.06ms on 1.06ms post 1.06ms diff 5.37µs align 16384 pre 1.05ms on 1.06ms post 1.05ms diff 7.25µs align 8192 pre 1.06ms on 1.06ms post 1.06ms diff -179ns align 4096 pre 1.05ms on 1.06ms post 1.06ms diff 8.48µs align 2048 pre 1.06ms on 1.06ms post 1.07ms diff -5206ns # Looks like 4 MiB erase blocks from that but it's not definite. Page size looks to be in the noise. andrew@bigbox:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench -a /dev/sdc --blocksize=3072 --count=100 align 6442450944 pre 1.11ms on 1.35ms post 1.12ms diff 229µs align 3221225472 pre 1.13ms on 1.42ms post 1.13ms diff 289µs align 1610612736 pre 1.14ms on 1.46ms post 1.13ms diff 329µs align 805306368 pre 1.1ms on 1.42ms post 1.13ms diff 305µs align 402653184 pre 1.15ms on 1.43ms post 1.12ms diff 299µs align 201326592 pre 1.15ms on 1.44ms post 1.16ms diff 280µs align 100663296 pre 1.13ms on 1.44ms post 1.12ms diff 316µs align 50331648 pre 1.13ms on 1.44ms post 1.15ms diff 299µs align 25165824 pre 1.13ms on 1.44ms post 1.14ms diff 311µs align 12582912 pre 1.09ms on 1.28ms post 1.11ms diff 177µs align 6291456 pre 1.14ms on 1.12ms post 1.15ms diff -26264n align 3145728 pre 1.11ms on 1.11ms post 1.09ms diff 9.72µs align 1572864 pre 1.11ms on 1.11ms post 1.11ms diff -738ns align 786432 pre 1.09ms on 1.09ms post 1.14ms diff -27521n align 393216 pre 1.1ms on 1.1ms post 1.13ms diff -9959ns align 196608 pre 1.08ms on 1.08ms post 1.1ms diff -8921ns align 98304 pre 1.08ms on 1.09ms post 1.08ms diff 11.8µs align 49152 pre 1.1ms on 1.1ms post 1.1ms diff -4311ns align 24576 pre 1.09ms on 1.13ms post 1.16ms diff 2.67µs align 12288 pre 1.11ms on 1.12ms post 1.15ms diff -17144n align 6144 pre 1.1ms on 1.11ms post 1.12ms diff -4591ns # 12 MiB stands out. Interesting. # Open-au tests with 6 MiB assumed erase block: andrew@bigbox:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=$[6*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[6*1024] --open-au-nr=1 6MiB 17.4M/s 3MiB 17.5M/s 1.5MiB 17.4M/s 768KiB 17.8M/s 384KiB 17.8M/s 192KiB 19.1M/s 96KiB 19.4M/s 48KiB 18.5M/s 24KiB 15.9M/s 12KiB 12.3M/s 6KiB 8.21M/s andrew@bigbox:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=$[6*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[6*1024] --open-au-nr=2 6MiB 17.2M/s 3MiB 17.3M/s 1.5MiB 17.6M/s 768KiB 17.2M/s 384KiB 16.9M/s 192KiB 17.6M/s 96KiB 15.9M/s 48KiB 14.5M/s 24KiB 10.2M/s 12KiB 4.54M/s 6KiB 2.48M/s andrew@bigbox:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=$[6*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[6*1024] --open-au-nr=6 6MiB 11.4M/s 3MiB 17.3M/s 1.5MiB 17.3M/s 768KiB 17.2M/s 384KiB 16.9M/s 192KiB 17.5M/s 96KiB 16M/s 48KiB 14.2M/s 24KiB 9.89M/s 12KiB 4.49M/s 6KiB 2.42M/s andrew@bigbox:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=$[6*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[6*1024] --open-au-nr=7 6MiB 9.34M/s 3MiB 12.3M/s 1.5MiB 9.58M/s 768KiB 10.2M/s 384KiB 9.54M/s 192KiB 11.6M/s 96KiB 8.54M/s 48KiB 8.13M/s 24KiB 5.68M/s 12KiB 3.56M/s 6KiB 2.12M/s # 6 open linear erase blocks, not bad. ## Different day of testing below, thus different /dev/sdX andrew@flashy:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdd --open-au --erasesize=$[6*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[12*1024] --open-au-nr=1 --random 6MiB 18.9M/s 3MiB 19.8M/s 1.5MiB 19M/s 768KiB 18.1M/s 384KiB 15M/s 192KiB 9.19M/s 96KiB 4.3M/s 48KiB 2.14M/s 24KiB 966K/s 12KiB 2.13M/s # Hitting K/s with 1 random open-au, probably can't do random. Things don't fall off going to more open-au but stay this slow. andrew@flashy:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdd --findfat --erasesize=$[6*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[12*1024] 6MiB 13.1M/s 7.98M/s 18.2M/s 19.3M/s 19.8M/s 19.2M/s 3MiB 14M/s 8.41M/s 19.8M/s 19.9M/s 18.5M/s 19.8M/s 1.5MiB 14.2M/s 7.54M/s 19.1M/s 19.8M/s 19.8M/s 19.8M/s 768KiB 13.9M/s 7.27M/s 19.2M/s 19.5M/s 19.7M/s 19.5M/s 384KiB 12.7M/s 7.4M/s 19.3M/s 19.4M/s 18.5M/s 19.5M/s 192KiB 12.6M/s 7.79M/s 18.6M/s 19.6M/s 19.5M/s 19.5M/s 96KiB 12.3M/s 6.65M/s 19.1M/s 19.6M/s 19.5M/s 19.6M/s 48KiB 12.1M/s 7.13M/s 18.1M/s 18.1M/s 17M/s 18.1M/s 24KiB 10.6M/s 8.64M/s 14.9M/s 15.5M/s 15.4M/s 15.5M/s 12KiB 8.63M/s 6.7M/s 12.2M/s 12M/s 12.2M/s 12.3M/s andrew@flashy:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdd --findfat --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] 4MiB 19.7M/s 7.54M/s 7.98M/s 19.7M/s 19.9M/s 18.9M/s 2MiB 19.1M/s 8.28M/s 7.44M/s 19.7M/s 19.9M/s 18.8M/s 1MiB 19M/s 7.5M/s 7.3M/s 19.5M/s 19.9M/s 19M/s 512KiB 18.8M/s 8.66M/s 8.98M/s 19.5M/s 19.1M/s 19.7M/s 256KiB 17.9M/s 7.29M/s 7.99M/s 19.2M/s 19.3M/s 19.4M/s 128KiB 17.5M/s 8.04M/s 7.25M/s 18.6M/s 18.6M/s 18.7M/s 64KiB 17.5M/s 8.43M/s 7.25M/s 18.7M/s 18.7M/s 19M/s 32KiB 15.7M/s 7.35M/s 8.46M/s 16.8M/s 17M/s 16.6M/s 16KiB 13.1M/s 6.6M/s 9.42M/s 13.6M/s 13.3M/s 13.7M/s andrew@flashy:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdd --findfat --erasesize=$[2*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --fat-nr=7 2MiB 16M/s 18.6M/s 10.2M/s 12.7M/s 9.64M/s 9.96M/s 18.3M/s 1MiB 17.6M/s 18.9M/s 9.25M/s 5.58M/s 7.62M/s 7M/s 19.6M/s 512KiB 18.4M/s 19.5M/s 7.15M/s 8.4M/s 8.91M/s 7.25M/s 19.3M/s 256KiB 18.1M/s 18.2M/s 7.37M/s 7.5M/s 6.59M/s 5.45M/s 18.8M/s 128KiB 17.5M/s 17.4M/s 7.51M/s 7.03M/s 7.4M/s 6.92M/s 18.5M/s 64KiB 17.9M/s 18.9M/s 7.11M/s 7.55M/s 7.3M/s 8.28M/s 18.6M/s 32KiB 16M/s 16.9M/s 6.74M/s 6.87M/s 8.57M/s 6.82M/s 15.7M/s 16KiB 12.9M/s 13M/s 8.74M/s 7.61M/s 6.54M/s 6.75M/s 12.9M/s # So, the first 12 MiB are special. But the first 4 MiB are "more" special somehow. This possibly explains the sector offset in sfdisk, starting the partition at 4 MiB may be the right thing to do. Special fat area goes from 4 MiB to 12 MiB. andrew@flashy:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdd --open-au --erasesize=$[6*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[12*1024] --open-au-nr=6 --offset=$[24*1024*1024] 6MiB 13.5M/s 3MiB 15.1M/s 1.5MiB 18.4M/s 768KiB 18.2M/s 384KiB 17.4M/s 192KiB 17.7M/s 96KiB 16.6M/s 48KiB 14.2M/s 24KiB 9.83M/s 12KiB 4.37M/s andrew@flashy:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdd --open-au --erasesize=$[6*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[12*1024] --open-au-nr=6 --offset=$[23*1024*1024] 6MiB 18.1M/s 3MiB 18.5M/s 1.5MiB 18.3M/s 768KiB 18.1M/s 384KiB 17.6M/s 192KiB 16.9M/s 96KiB 16.7M/s 48KiB 13.8M/s 24KiB 9.8M/s 12KiB 4.38M/s # I expected 23 MiB offset to be slower than 24 MiB offset... andrew@flashy:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdd --open-au --erasesize=$[6*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[12*1024] --open-au-nr=6 --offset=$[25*1024*1024] 6MiB 10.2M/s 3MiB 6.4M/s 1.5MiB 10.6M/s 768KiB 10.8M/s 384KiB 9.85M/s 192KiB 10.9M/s 96KiB 11.9M/s 48KiB 9.43M/s 24KiB 7.64M/s 12KiB 3.67M/s # Possibly 6 MiB is not the correct erase block size. Interesting. andrew@flashy:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdd --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --open-au-nr=6 --offset=$[25*1024*1024] 4MiB 19.4M/s 2MiB 19.3M/s 1MiB 19.2M/s 512KiB 18.5M/s 256KiB 17.9M/s 128KiB 16.7M/s 64KiB 15.4M/s 32KiB 12.1M/s 16KiB 8.45M/s # 25 MiB offset w/ 4 MiB erase block keeps us within the bounds. Probably 8 MiB erase blocks but they start at 12 MiB into the disk. andrew@flashy:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdd --open-au --erasesize=$[6*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[12*1024] --open-au-nr=6 --offset=$[35*1024*1024] 6MiB 19.5M/s 3MiB 19.5M/s 1.5MiB 19.1M/s 768KiB 19M/s 384KiB 18.4M/s 192KiB 17.9M/s 96KiB 16.6M/s 48KiB 14.1M/s 24KiB 9.85M/s 12KiB 4.39M/s andrew@flashy:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdd --open-au --erasesize=$[6*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[12*1024] --open-au-nr=6 --offset=$[37*1024*1024] 6MiB 7.9M/s 3MiB 10.6M/s 1.5MiB 11.8M/s 768KiB 10M/s 384KiB 10.3M/s 192KiB 10.9M/s 96KiB 11.9M/s 48KiB 9.42M/s 24KiB 7.63M/s 12KiB 3.46M/s andrew@flashy:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdd --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --open-au-nr=6 --offset=$[41*1024*1024] 4MiB 11.2M/s 2MiB 19.3M/s 1MiB 19.1M/s 512KiB 18.7M/s 256KiB 18.1M/s 128KiB 16.7M/s 64KiB 15.4M/s 32KiB 12.1M/s 16KiB 8.51M/s # 41 MiB should have been slow... # Possibly I get the slow result when spanning 3 erase blocks and the true erase block size is 4 MiB or 3 MiB? # As then it would be like my --open-au-nr=7 run, similar slowness. andrew@flashy:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdd --open-au --erasesize=$[3*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[12*1024] --open-au-nr=6 --offset=$[36*1024*1024-512*1024] 3MiB 19.1M/s 1.5MiB 19.4M/s 768KiB 18.6M/s 384KiB 18.1M/s 192KiB 17.8M/s 96KiB 16.4M/s 48KiB 14M/s 24KiB 9.87M/s 12KiB 4.4M/s andrew@flashy:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdd --open-au --erasesize=$[6*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[12*1024] --open-au-nr=6 --offset=$[36*1024*1024-512*1024] 6MiB 6.13M/s 3MiB 6.09M/s 1.5MiB 10.2M/s 768KiB 8.77M/s 384KiB 9.47M/s 192KiB 13M/s 96KiB 12.4M/s 48KiB 8.76M/s 24KiB 8M/s 12KiB 4.01M/s # So somewhere between 38.5 MiB and 41.5 MiB is an erase block boundary. andrew@flashy:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdd --open-au --erasesize=$[6*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[12*1024] --open-au-nr=6 --offset=$[35*1024*1024-512*1024] 6MiB 10.2M/s 3MiB 6.85M/s 1.5MiB 7.71M/s 768KiB 6.12M/s 384KiB 7.9M/s 192KiB 7.69M/s ^C andrew@flashy:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdd --open-au --erasesize=$[6*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[12*1024] --open-au-nr=6 --offset=$[34*1024*1024-512*1024] 6MiB 10.2M/s 3MiB 11.3M/s 1.5MiB 19.3M/s 768KiB 19.1M/s 384KiB 18.5M/s 192KiB 18M/s 96KiB 16.6M/s ^C # Between 39.5 and 40.5 MiB is an erase block boundary. So 40 MiB it is! # 40 - 12 = 28. 28 isn't divisible by 3. So I'm going to go with 4 MiB erase blocks. andrew@flashy:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdd --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --open-au-nr=11 --offset=$[40*1024*1024] 4MiB 15.7M/s 2MiB 10.6M/s 1MiB 19.2M/s 512KiB 18.8M/s 256KiB 18M/s 128KiB 16.7M/s 64KiB 15.2M/s 32KiB 11.7M/s 16KiB 8.17M/s andrew@flashy:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdd --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --open-au-nr=12 --offset=$[40*1024*1024] 4MiB 16.5M/s 2MiB 12M/s 1MiB 10.3M/s 512KiB 10.4M/s 256KiB 9.96M/s 128KiB 9.68M/s 64KiB 11.3M/s 32KiB 9.42M/s 16KiB 7.21M/s # Using 4 MiB erase blocks, now 11 open-au linear. andrew@flashy:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdd --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --open-au-nr=1 --offset=$[40*1024*1024] --random 4MiB 19.2M/s 2MiB 19.4M/s 1MiB 19.1M/s 512KiB 18.8M/s 256KiB 12.2M/s 128KiB 5.03M/s 64KiB 2.53M/s 32KiB 1.26M/s 16KiB 601K/s # Still stinks at random. -Andrew

14 years, 4 months

Samsung 8GB microSDHC "Essential" Class 6

by Arnd Bergmann

Label on packaging: Class 6 Read: Max 24MB/s Write: Max 13 MB/s Label on Card: front (blue): 8 GB back: CE MMBTR08GUBCA-ME I CYG498GA 135 Made in TAIWAN head /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/* ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/cid <== 1b534d30303030301001952e5c00b900 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/csd <== 400e00325b5900003b577f800a400000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/date <== 09/2011 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/erase_size <== 512 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/fwrev <== 0x0 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/hwrev <== 0x1 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/manfid <== 0x00001b ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/name <== 00000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/oemid <== 0x534d ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/preferred_erase_size <== 4194304 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/scr <== 0235800000000000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/serial <== 0x01952e5c ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/type <== SD ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/uevent <== DRIVER=mmcblk MMC_TYPE=SD MMC_NAME=00000 MODALIAS=mmc:block $ sudo fdisk -lu /dev/mmcblk0 Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 7964 MB, 7964983296 bytes 91 heads, 18 sectors/track, 9497 cylinders, total 15556608 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/mmcblk0p1 8192 15556607 7774208 b W95 FAT32 $ factor 15556608 15556608: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 211 $ sudo ./flashbench -a /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize=1024align 805306368 pre 817µs on 1.17ms post 784µs diff 373µs align 536870912 pre 940µs on 1.24ms post 851µs diff 344µs align 402653184 pre 835µs on 1.18ms post 797µs diff 363µs align 268435456 pre 968µs on 1.23ms post 868µs diff 313µs align 201326592 pre 833µs on 1.18ms post 780µs diff 371µs align 134217728 pre 949µs on 1.24ms post 846µs diff 341µs align 100663296 pre 820µs on 1.17ms post 784µs diff 371µs align 67108864 pre 967µs on 1.27ms post 876µs diff 345µs align 50331648 pre 834µs on 1.18ms post 778µs diff 373µs align 33554432 pre 975µs on 1.24ms post 850µs diff 327µs align 25165824 pre 839µs on 1.17ms post 782µs diff 362µs align 16777216 pre 980µs on 1.27ms post 879µs diff 336µs align 12582912 pre 812µs on 1.14ms post 781µs diff 348µs align 8388608 pre 939µs on 1.22ms post 849µs diff 322µs align 6291456 pre 749µs on 1.13ms post 809µs diff 347µs align 4194304 pre 806µs on 1.06ms post 819µs diff 248µs align 3145728 pre 696µs on 790µs post 783µs diff 50µs align 2097152 pre 800µs on 1.04ms post 800µs diff 242µs align 1572864 pre 693µs on 790µs post 792µs diff 48.4µs align 1048576 pre 690µs on 803µs post 805µs diff 55.4µs align 786432 pre 723µs on 821µs post 816µs diff 51.8µs align 524288 pre 688µs on 790µs post 801µs diff 45.1µs align 393216 pre 699µs on 796µs post 792µs diff 50.1µs align 262144 pre 696µs on 807µs post 807µs diff 55.7µs align 196608 pre 725µs on 822µs post 823µs diff 48.3µs align 131072 pre 693µs on 794µs post 802µs diff 46.7µs align 98304 pre 716µs on 820µs post 825µs diff 49.2µs align 65536 pre 684µs on 790µs post 796µs diff 50.3µs align 49152 pre 717µs on 813µs post 821µs diff 43.7µs align 32768 pre 703µs on 806µs post 800µs diff 54.1µs align 24576 pre 717µs on 810µs post 822µs diff 40.7µs align 16384 pre 708µs on 801µs post 812µs diff 40.2µs align 12288 pre 762µs on 756µs post 754µs diff -2647ns align 8192 pre 718µs on 805µs post 821µs diff 36.1µs align 6144 pre 737µs on 729µs post 721µs diff 535ns align 4096 pre 777µs on 769µs post 761µs diff -199ns align 3072 pre 774µs on 775µs post 753µs diff 10.8µs align 2048 pre 788µs on 783µs post 773µs diff 2.25µs $ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize=$[3*8192] --erasesize=$[6*1024*1024] --open-au-nr=2 6MiB 7.73M/s 3MiB 6.04M/s 1.5MiB 7.7M/s 768KiB 7.68M/s 384KiB 7.68M/s 192KiB 7.67M/s 96KiB 6.56M/s 48KiB 6.05M/s 24KiB 4.04M/s $ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize=$[3*8192] --erasesize=$[6*1024*1024] --open-au-nr=3 6MiB 7.69M/s 3MiB 5.08M/s 1.5MiB 2.92M/s 768KiB 2.25M/s 384KiB 1.54M/s 192KiB 1.48M/s 96KiB 1.09M/s 48KiB 1.1M/s 24KiB 1.08M/s $ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize=$[3*8192] --erasesize=$[6*1024*1024] --open-au-nr=1 --random 6MiB 3.16M/s 3MiB 1.77M/s 1.5MiB 1.4M/s 768KiB 583K/s 384KiB 331K/s 192KiB 166K/s

14 years, 4 months

Samsung 8GB SDHC "Essential" Class 6

by Arnd Bergmann

Label on packaging: Class 6 Read: Max 24MB/s Write: Max 13 MB/s Label on Card: front (red): 8 GB back: MB-SS8GA MBSS8GVCDBCA-RF D OLX00000 1 4 7 MADE IN KOREA DESIGNED BY SAMSUNG head /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/* ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/cid <== 1b534d3030303030100b6b930300bc00 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/csd <== 400e00325b5900003b577f800a400000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/date <== 12/2011 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/erase_size <== 512 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/fwrev <== 0x0 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/hwrev <== 0x1 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/manfid <== 0x00001b ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/name <== 00000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/oemid <== 0x534d ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/preferred_erase_size <== 4194304 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/scr <== 0235800000000000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/serial <== 0x0b6b9303 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/type <== SD ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/uevent <== DRIVER=mmcblk MMC_TYPE=SD MMC_NAME=00000 MODALIAS=mmc:block Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 7964 MB, 7964983296 bytes 91 heads, 18 sectors/track, 9497 cylinders, total 15556608 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/mmcblk0p1 8192 15556607 7774208 b W95 FAT32 $ factor 7964983296 7964983296: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 211 $ sudo ./flashbench -a /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize=1024 align 805306368 pre 813µs on 1.03ms post 694µs diff 274µs align 536870912 pre 841µs on 1.1ms post 772µs diff 295µs align 402653184 pre 788µs on 1.06ms post 710µs diff 312µs align 268435456 pre 805µs on 1.09ms post 772µs diff 303µs align 201326592 pre 794µs on 1.05ms post 691µs diff 311µs align 134217728 pre 851µs on 1.1ms post 771µs diff 288µs align 100663296 pre 794µs on 1.05ms post 695µs diff 303µs align 67108864 pre 852µs on 1.11ms post 779µs diff 293µs align 50331648 pre 793µs on 1.05ms post 695µs diff 307µs align 33554432 pre 850µs on 1.1ms post 772µs diff 292µs align 25165824 pre 794µs on 1.05ms post 693µs diff 309µs align 16777216 pre 855µs on 1.11ms post 782µs diff 288µs align 12582912 pre 755µs on 1.03ms post 695µs diff 302µs align 8388608 pre 798µs on 1.08ms post 777µs diff 296µs align 6291456 pre 726µs on 1.01ms post 718µs diff 287µs align 4194304 pre 705µs on 939µs post 734µs diff 219µs align 3145728 pre 619µs on 715µs post 716µs diff 47.2µs align 2097152 pre 687µs on 922µs post 721µs diff 218µs align 1572864 pre 621µs on 711µs post 715µs diff 43.5µs align 1048576 pre 615µs on 724µs post 729µs diff 51.9µs align 786432 pre 620µs on 714µs post 715µs diff 46.9µs align 524288 pre 610µs on 712µs post 725µs diff 44.4µs align 393216 pre 620µs on 714µs post 710µs diff 49.2µs align 262144 pre 616µs on 719µs post 724µs diff 48.5µs align 196608 pre 619µs on 712µs post 713µs diff 46.2µs align 131072 pre 614µs on 711µs post 722µs diff 42.4µs align 98304 pre 615µs on 705µs post 714µs diff 40.7µs align 65536 pre 614µs on 712µs post 723µs diff 43.7µs align 49152 pre 614µs on 697µs post 709µs diff 35.5µs align 32768 pre 615µs on 712µs post 710µs diff 49.5µs align 24576 pre 617µs on 702µs post 715µs diff 35.8µs align 16384 pre 617µs on 702µs post 716µs diff 35.7µs align 12288 pre 678µs on 668µs post 659µs diff -688ns align 8192 pre 617µs on 710µs post 717µs diff 43.1µs align 6144 pre 647µs on 642µs post 635µs diff 1.09µs align 4096 pre 677µs on 671µs post 662µs diff 1.85µs align 3072 pre 691µs on 686µs post 672µs diff 4.76µs align 2048 pre 705µs on 701µs post 691µs diff 2.92µs # Trying 2 MB erase size (not likely) $ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize=1024 --erasesize=$[1024*1024*2] 2MiB 6.64M/s 1MiB 3.37M/s 512KiB 2.76M/s 256KiB 2.7M/s 128KiB 3.12M/s 64KiB 3.12M/s 32KiB 2.75M/s 16KiB 2.33M/s 8KiB 1.98M/s 4KiB 981K/s 2KiB 420K/s 1KiB 211K/s # trying 6 MB erase size (looks right) $ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize=$[3*8192] --erasesize=$[6*1024*1024] 12MiB 8.03M/s 6MiB 7.99M/s 3MiB 7.99M/s 1.5MiB 7.98M/s 768KiB 8.03M/s 384KiB 7.78M/s 192KiB 8M/s 96KiB 6.85M/s 48KiB 6.32M/s 24KiB 4.27M/s # trying 8 MB erase size (supports 6 MB theory) $ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize=$[8192] --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024*2] 16MiB 6.77M/s 8MiB 5.81M/s 4MiB 5.76M/s 2MiB 5.75M/s 1MiB 5.76M/s 512KiB 5.77M/s 256KiB 5.74M/s 128KiB 5.74M/s 64KiB 5.7M/s 32KiB 4.24M/s 16KiB 2.15M/s 8KiB 1.29M/s # Countertest with 3 MB blocks: $ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize=$[3*8192] --erasesize=$[3*1024*1024] --open-au-nr=2 3MiB 4.55M/s 1.5MiB 4.53M/s 768KiB 4.55M/s 384KiB 4.55M/s 192KiB 4.53M/s 96KiB 4.14M/s 48KiB 3.94M/s 24KiB 2.99M/s # one 6 MB block, random access, not good: $ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize=$[3*8192] --erasesize=$[6*1024*1024] --random 6MiB 7.95M/s 3MiB 5.7M/s 1.5MiB 5.07M/s 768KiB 2M/s 384KiB 1.12M/s 192KiB 509K/s 96KiB 243K/s 48KiB 175K/s 24KiB 175K/s # trying two blocks of 6 MB linear instead, works fine: 6MiB 7.86M/s 3MiB 8.01M/s 1.5MiB 8.03M/s 768KiB 8.01M/s 384KiB 8.03M/s 192KiB 8.02M/s 96KiB 6.87M/s 48KiB 6.33M/s 24KiB 4.3M/s # Three blocks fail: $ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize=$[3*8192] --erasesize=$[6*1024*1024] --open-au-nr=3 6MiB 8.02M/s 3MiB 5.28M/s 1.5MiB 3.05M/s 768KiB 2.35M/s 384KiB 1.64M/s 192KiB 1.55M/s 96KiB 1.14M/s 48KiB 1.15M/s 24KiB 1.12M/s # Four blocks fail in a worse manner: $ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize=$[3*8192] --erasesize=$[6*1024*1024] --open-au-nr=4 6MiB 5.29M/s 3MiB 5.08M/s 1.5MiB 2.77M/s 768KiB 1.26M/s 384KiB 648K/s ^C

14 years, 4 months

Transcend JetFlash 700 32GB USB3 Drive TS32GJF700

by Andrew Bradford

Transcend JetFlash 700 32GB TS32GJF700 USB3 USB drive, testing in USB2 port. Had some issues at first but after wiping the partition table, those seem to have gone away. They may be caused by my host somewhat and not entirely be the USB drive's fault but I've not investigated further. I've included the problem output here, if anyone has any suggestions as to the root cause, please let me know. [andrew@mythdvr ~]$ lsusb Bus 002 Device 003: ID 8564:1000 [andrew@mythdvr ~]$ dmesg | tail # with some editing to reduce lines usb-storage: device found at 3 scsi 9:0:0:0: Direct-Access JetFlash Transcend 32GB 1.00 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5 sd 9:0:0:0: [sdb] 61741056 512-byte logical blocks: (31.6 GB/29.4 GiB) sd 9:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off sd 9:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 23 00 00 00 sd 9:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through sd 9:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through sdb: sd 9:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through sd 9:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk [andrew@mythdvr flashbench]$ sudo sfdisk -uS -l /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 30147 cylinders, 64 heads, 32 sectors/track Units = sectors of 512 bytes, counting from 0 Device Boot Start End #sectors Id System /dev/sdb1 ? 778135908 1919645538 1141509631 72 Unknown start: (c,h,s) expected (1023,63,32) found (357,116,40) end: (c,h,s) expected (1023,63,32) found (357,32,45) /dev/sdb2 ? 168689522 2104717761 1936028240 65 Novell Netware 386 start: (c,h,s) expected (1023,63,32) found (288,115,43) end: (c,h,s) expected (1023,63,32) found (367,114,50) /dev/sdb3 ? 1869881465 3805909656 1936028192 79 Unknown start: (c,h,s) expected (1023,63,32) found (366,32,33) end: (c,h,s) expected (1023,63,32) found (357,32,43) /dev/sdb4 ? 2885681152 2885736650 55499 d Unknown start: (c,h,s) expected (1023,63,32) found (372,97,50) end: (c,h,s) expected (1023,63,32) found (0,10,0) # That's a very odd table. # 64 heads / 32 sectors should indicate erase block size is a power of 2 if Transcend is doing that on purpose. [andrew@mythdvr flashbench]$ sudo fdisk -l /dev/sdb | grep Disk Disk /dev/sdb: 31.6 GB, 31611420672 bytes Disk identifier: 0x6f20736b [andrew@mythdvr flashbench]$ factor 31611420672 31611420672: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 13 773 [andrew@mythdvr flashbench]$ sudo ./flashbench -a /dev/sdb --blocksize=4096 align 8589934592 pre 1.12ms on 1.52ms post 1.24ms diff 334Âµs align 4294967296 pre 1.12ms on 1.61ms post 1.24ms diff 423Âµs align 2147483648 pre 1.12ms on 1.6ms post 1.24ms diff 423Âµs align 1073741824 pre 1.12ms on 1.46ms post 1.23ms diff 283Âµs align 536870912 pre 1.11ms on 1.45ms post 1.18ms diff 309Âµs align 268435456 pre 1.11ms on 1.46ms post 1.24ms diff 281Âµs align 134217728 pre 1.11ms on 1.46ms post 1.24ms diff 287Âµs align 67108864 pre 1.11ms on 1.46ms post 1.22ms diff 290Âµs align 33554432 pre 1.11ms on 1.46ms post 1.24ms diff 280Âµs align 16777216 pre 1.11ms on 1.45ms post 1.22ms diff 284Âµs align 8388608 pre 1.11ms on 1.45ms post 1.17ms diff 308Âµs time_read: Input/output error time_read: Input/output error time_read: Input/output error time_read: Input/output error # Followed by a lot of additional "time_read: Input/output error" lines. # Then the /dev/sdb device goes away. [andrew@mythdvr flashbench]$ dmesg # with slight editing to remove useless lines sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Unhandled error code sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Result: hostbyte=DID_ERROR driverbyte=DRIVER_OK end_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 33562624 sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Unhandled error code sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Result: hostbyte=DID_ERROR driverbyte=DRIVER_OK end_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 50339840 sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Unhandled error code sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Result: hostbyte=DID_ERROR driverbyte=DRIVER_OK end_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 5376000 sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Unhandled error code sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Result: hostbyte=DID_ERROR driverbyte=DRIVER_OK end_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 22153216 sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Unhandled error code sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Result: hostbyte=DID_ERROR driverbyte=DRIVER_OK end_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 38930432 scsi 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Unhandled error code scsi 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Result: hostbyte=DID_ERROR driverbyte=DRIVER_OK end_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 8184 # Repartitioned to see if that helps [andrew@mythdvr flashbench]$ sudo sfdisk -uS -l /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 30147 cylinders, 64 heads, 32 sectors/track Units = sectors of 512 bytes, counting from 0 Device Boot Start End #sectors Id System /dev/sdb1 0 - 0 0 Empty /dev/sdb2 0 - 0 0 Empty /dev/sdb3 0 - 0 0 Empty /dev/sdb4 0 - 0 0 Empty [andrew@mythdvr flashbench]$ sudo ./flashbench -a /dev/sdb --blocksize=1024 align 8589934592 pre 1.02ms on 1.51ms post 1.12ms diff 440Âµs align 4294967296 pre 1.05ms on 1.6ms post 1.12ms diff 515Âµs align 2147483648 pre 1.05ms on 1.6ms post 1.12ms diff 519Âµs align 1073741824 pre 1.05ms on 1.39ms post 1.12ms diff 305Âµs align 536870912 pre 1.05ms on 1.39ms post 1.12ms diff 306Âµs align 268435456 pre 1.05ms on 1.39ms post 1.12ms diff 305Âµs align 134217728 pre 1.05ms on 1.39ms post 1.12ms diff 310Âµs align 67108864 pre 1.04ms on 1.39ms post 1.12ms diff 308Âµs align 33554432 pre 1.05ms on 1.38ms post 1.12ms diff 298Âµs align 16777216 pre 1.05ms on 1.39ms post 1.12ms diff 308Âµs align 8388608 pre 1.05ms on 1.38ms post 1.12ms diff 298Âµs align 4194304 pre 1.11ms on 1.24ms post 1.12ms diff 125Âµs align 2097152 pre 1.11ms on 1.23ms post 1.12ms diff 117Âµs align 1048576 pre 1.12ms on 1.25ms post 1.12ms diff 127Âµs align 524288 pre 1.12ms on 1.25ms post 1.12ms diff 128Âµs align 262144 pre 1.12ms on 1.25ms post 1.12ms diff 126Âµs align 131072 pre 1.12ms on 1.25ms post 1.12ms diff 125Âµs align 65536 pre 1.09ms on 1.12ms post 1.11ms diff 17.2Âµs align 32768 pre 1.12ms on 1.25ms post 1.12ms diff 128Âµs align 16384 pre 1.12ms on 1.25ms post 1.12ms diff 128Âµs align 8192 pre 1.12ms on 1.41ms post 1.12ms diff 286Âµs align 4096 pre 1.11ms on 1.23ms post 1.12ms diff 111Âµs align 2048 pre 1.11ms on 1.12ms post 1.12ms diff 2.8Âµs # Looks like 8 MiB erase block # Page size is hard to tell [andrew@mythdvr flashbench]$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdb --open-au --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --open-au-nr=1 8MiB 33.5M/s 4MiB 32.8M/s 2MiB 30M/s 1MiB 33.2M/s 512KiB 32.4M/s 256KiB 30.8M/s 128KiB 29.5M/s 64KiB 30.4M/s 32KiB 26M/s 16KiB 18.6M/s [andrew@mythdvr flashbench]$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdb --open-au --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --open-au-nr=2 8MiB 33.2M/s 4MiB 32.6M/s 2MiB 32.1M/s 1MiB 31.3M/s 512KiB 28.5M/s 256KiB 24.5M/s 128KiB 21.8M/s 64KiB 17.2M/s 32KiB 11.1M/s 16KiB 2.26M/s [andrew@mythdvr flashbench]$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdb --open-au --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --open-au-nr=6 8MiB 32.6M/s 4MiB 33.2M/s 2MiB 32.4M/s 1MiB 18M/s 512KiB 18.3M/s 256KiB 21.3M/s 128KiB 23.6M/s 64KiB 12.4M/s 32KiB 6.67M/s 16KiB 1.21M/s # Would that be indicative of 128KiB as a minimum write size / page size? It's almost exactly 50% fall off after that. [andrew@mythdvr flashbench]$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdb --open-au --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --open-au-nr=7 8MiB 33M/s 4MiB 31.1M/s 2MiB 11M/s 1MiB 9.81M/s 512KiB 8.64M/s 256KiB 9.72M/s 128KiB 6.91M/s 64KiB 7.51M/s 32KiB 4.71M/s 16KiB 1.03M/s # Looks like 6 open erase blocks, but even with 7, performance isn't horrible, just much worse. Just to see, try 12 open erase blocks: [andrew@mythdvr flashbench]$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdb --open-au --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --open-au-nr=12 8MiB 32.8M/s 4MiB 20.3M/s 2MiB 9.95M/s 1MiB 6.75M/s 512KiB 4.58M/s 256KiB 5.4M/s 128KiB 5M/s 64KiB 4.05M/s 32KiB 2.09M/s 16KiB 677K/s # Definitely worse, but still not really horrible like some SD cards get. [andrew@mythdvr flashbench]$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdb --open-au --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --random --open-au-nr=1 8MiB 32.5M/s 4MiB 33.1M/s 2MiB 33.3M/s 1MiB 33.5M/s 512KiB 32.6M/s 256KiB 31M/s 128KiB 11.4M/s 64KiB 6.1M/s 32KiB 12.5M/s 16KiB 2.48M/s [andrew@mythdvr flashbench]$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdb --open-au --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --random --open-au-nr=2 8MiB 32.5M/s 4MiB 33.3M/s 2MiB 32.8M/s 1MiB 10.8M/s 512KiB 6.71M/s 256KiB 7.05M/s 128KiB 3.73M/s 64KiB 4.41M/s 32KiB 3.36M/s 16KiB 1.7M/s [andrew@mythdvr flashbench]$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdb --open-au --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[16*1024] --random --open-au-nr=6 8MiB 32.3M/s 4MiB 22.5M/s 2MiB 11.6M/s 1MiB 6.96M/s 512KiB 4.93M/s 256KiB 5.28M/s 128KiB 3.38M/s 64KiB 2.85M/s 32KiB 2.03M/s 16KiB 936K/s # So random isn't a strong point compared to linear access. [andrew@mythdvr flashbench]$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdb --findfat --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --blocksize=4096 8MiB 33.2M/s 32.7M/s 33.1M/s 32.7M/s 33.1M/s 33.2M/s 4MiB 33M/s 32.9M/s 32.8M/s 32.6M/s 32.8M/s 32.7M/s 2MiB 32.7M/s 32.5M/s 32.7M/s 32.6M/s 32.8M/s 32.6M/s 1MiB 33.2M/s 33.1M/s 33.1M/s 33.2M/s 33.2M/s 33.2M/s 512KiB 32.2M/s 32.2M/s 32.4M/s 32.1M/s 32.3M/s 32.3M/s 256KiB 30.8M/s 30.8M/s 30.8M/s 30.8M/s 30.7M/s 30.9M/s 128KiB 30.1M/s 30.3M/s 30.1M/s 30M/s 30.3M/s 30.3M/s 64KiB 32M/s 32M/s 32.1M/s 32M/s 32.1M/s 32M/s 32KiB 28.2M/s 28.2M/s 28.3M/s 28.3M/s 28.2M/s 28.6M/s 16KiB 21.4M/s 7.8M/s 6.07M/s 11.9M/s 8.91M/s 5.33M/s 8KiB 5.11M/s 6.85M/s 6.19M/s 5.73M/s 5.77M/s 6.38M/s 4KiB 4.97M/s 4.98M/s 5.06M/s 5.02M/s 4.96M/s 5.01M/s -Andrew

14 years, 4 months

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