Hello, Tom and Andy,
A bizarre thing just happened.
I used Ctrl-Alt-F1 to switch to the first VT. When I pressed Ctrl-Alt-F7 to switch back to X, the Unity GUI was displayed.
However, when I opened Firefox and tried to navigate to YouTube, everything went black and I was left with only the mouse cursor.
When I repeat the above steps, I get the same result.
You can view the Xorg.0.log here:
The last line is very interesting:
[ 79.072] PVR:(Fatal): Debug assertion failed! [1785, /sgxtransfer_utils.c]
It's the first thing I've seen that hints at the cause of my problems.